Download - Virgin Galactic Redesign
Suborbital Commercial Spaceflight
Paulo DavilaStephan SmithBreanna Goring Daniel MondragonTaylor MartinNathan SonnefieldAaron DoperalskiAaron DsouzaRaymond Mattison
Specifications “SpaceShipTwo” Made of: light, efficient, carbon
sandwich panels with honeycomb core
Length: 60 Ft Wing Span: 27 Ft Tail Height: 15 Ft Cabin Diameter: 90”
Length: 12 Ft
Cost: $200,000 6 Passengers 2 Pilots 3.5 Hr Flight Time 12 min Zero Gravity
experience
Agenda
Displays Cockpit (Heads Up Display) Helmet (Head Mounted Displays)
Suit Design Survey Redesign
Seat Tasks and Requirements System Analysis Specs Redesign
Cockpit DisplaysUser Needs: Displays should be tailored to the pilot according to MIL-STD 1472 F.
The following parameters were taken into account :-Anthropometrics data of 95% of Pilots :
Height : 62-77 in - Max display viewing distance : 25 inches
- Min display viewing distance : 20 inches
- Color selection
- Font and Size
- Allocation of Functions
Cockpit Displays
Glare
Text Characteristics
FontCharacteristics
Cockpit Displays
Obstructed view
Visual Angels
Cockpit Displays
MIL-STD 1472 FVisual Reference Points
Cockpit Displays Concept Demonstration and Validation : CATIA Prototype One
Side Panels (TAN) :-60 Degrees Head Rotation-15 Degrees Eye Rotation ,Right of the visual reference pointPrimary Display (Grey) :-15 degrees Eye Rotation above and below the normal line of sight-Right on the Optimum Head Rotation Top Display (RED) -Between 15 and 66 degrees Head Rotation - Between normal line of sight and 40 degrees above Eye Rotation
Cockpit Usability Testing
3 participants were asked to evaluate 3 CATIA mock ups of the cockpit and a Verbal Protocol Analysis was used to get user feedback. The CATIA models that were evaluated were the original, prototype 1 and final design.
Cockpit DisplaysFinal Prototype
Side Panels (TAN) :-45 Degrees Head Rotation-15 Degrees Eye Rotation ,Right and left of the visual reference pointPrimary Display (Grey) :-15 degrees EyeRotation above and below the normal line of sight-Right on the Optimum Head Rotation Top Display (RED) -Between 15 and 45 degrees Head Rotation - Between 15 degrees and 30 Degrees above Eye Rotation
Helmet Display(HMD): Passengers Tasks
1: Emergency Info - HR and oxygen levels
2: Seat Count Down -12 Minutes
3:Communication Channels- 6 Channels
Parameters (MIL-STD 1472 F) :1: Location of Information 2: Visual Angles and Text Gradients3: Proper Text and background color coordination
Speech -Bone Conduction Headset-Sound Insulation
Helmet Display(HMD): Usability
A Verbal Protocol Analysis 5 Participants evaluated our 3 HMD design and were tasked with walking up to a sign and read what was on the sign and were asked if their field of vision was used.
Results
HUD 1 didn’t obstruct users being able to read the sign, however; participants did not like the location of the display on the top. This was the least favored design for HUD.
HUD 2. 3 out of the 5 participants liked the HUD design. All participants were able to read the sign clearly but 2 of them said it interfered with their field of vision.
HUD 3. All 5 participants considered this to be best design as they were able to read the sign clearly and reported no interference with their field of vision.
Based on user feedback HMD3 was chosen as it had the best results.
Helmet Display(HMD): Passengers HMD 1
HMD 2
HMD 3
Helmet Display(HMD): Passengers
Final Product -Carbon Fiber Composite -Neck Seal-Oxygen Mask Outlet-HMD
Virgin Galactic Space Suit
Requirements
•Flexible
•Lightweight
•Comfortable
•Fairly Inexpensive
•Helmet locking neck
piece
Suit Design
• Nylon and spandex• Laser scanning electro-
spin-lacing process • Mechanical counter
pressure• Suit is designed for EVA
(extra vehicular activity)• Stripped some of the
more elaborate features for cost effectiveness and usability.
Dava Newman MIT
Surveys
Face-to-Face Interview• Wetsuit Comparison– (SMEs) N=3
• Suit Expectations– N=15
• Suit Mock-up Survey– N=15
Interview Results
Results• Most people preferred
a fitted space suit and the chance to purchase.
• According to SMEs mobility in suit is not impaired and extended use (+1 hr) is comfortable
Redesign• Due to our initial
design’s accurate implementation of suit requirements only one change was made.
• Zipper relocated to the front of the suit
Prospective Steps
• Prototype• Satisfaction Survey• Data Collection of
sizes
Chair Design Should allow the user to perform their mission functionswithout degradation of their performance capability andwithout significant or lasting pain or injury (MIL-STD 1472F)
The system should be able to allow for comfortable seating while also safely securing the passenger
Tasks and Requirements
• Have passengers in seated position• Have users seated safely and comfortably• Have users restricted
• Be able to easily be stored• Have manual safeguard controls
Similar Systems AnalysisOriginal Design
Fighter Jet Seating Herman-Miller Aeron Design
Specs General Dimensions:Back: 24 +/-2 in length, 20 +/- 1 in widthBottom: 19 +/- 0.5 in length, 21+/-1 in widthArm rests: 16 +/-2 in length
22 +/-2 in apart with a 4in circumBase 16+/- 1 to bottom using 4 legged approach
Cushioning: 2.5 in on back and 3 on bottomBelts: Cross Lap designAttachments: 4 in of usable space under front of chair
Helmet securing mechanism: 10 in variability Gyroscope featureStoring: Manual push pin and folding options
Prototypes
Model 1 Model 2
Usability TestingStress and Tension testing:
By spinning a swivel office chair at a constant rate we were able to simulate low level G-forces on the body using centripetal forces
3 test subjects each performed 3 head positions during rotation:
1. Centered2. Rotated counter-clockwise 90 degrees
from center3. Rotated clockwise 90 degrees from
center
They were instructed to perform one position for the duration of 7 chair rotations and then use the diagram provided to indicate where they felt the most tension
Diagrams
ResultsSubject 1 Subject 2 Subject 3
Position 1 Upper Back*
Shoulders
Upper Back*
Shoulders
Arms
Forearm
Upper Back
Arms
Forearm*
Position 2 Upper back
Shoulders
Neck*
Upper Back
Neck*
Arms
Shoulders
Neck*
Position 3 Upper Back
Neck*
Upper Back*
Neck
Arms
Shoulders
Neck*
(*) Most severe according to subject
Results
Biggest causes of discomfort and pain
Cervical Spinal Twisting Thoracic Pinch
Redesign Specs
Features:Arm Rests can adjust to 30 and 90 degrees from axis
Uses ball and groove designGroove 1 in deep
Storing: Will lower into compartment in floor
Base: Single collapsing cylinderHas 6 stages, each stage being 4 in highBase cylinder will have a 5.5 in diameter and all sections following will be reduced by 0.5 in
Helmet Securing Mechanism: Uses simple secure and release 3 point lockUses wedge shaped latchAllows for 120 degrees of visual freedom
Final Product
Questions?