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Violence and Modernity: War
2. Social costs and scars of war (achievements?)
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• As we have already seen the costs, scars and consequences of war are inseparable from its other aspects.
• We have been looking, for example at its interaction with the modern state. War is at the core of modern citizenship and the developing ideologies – especially nationalism – are geared to uniting people to fight. War is a, arguably the, main raison d’etre of the modern state.
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Impacts associated with war
• economic development• Technological, medical and scientific
development• Cultural/psychological impact• Political manipulation• Social change (gender roles; weakens class)• Engenders revolutions• Destroys empires and economies
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Impacts 1 Economic Development
• Victory can strengthen a country’s economic grip by defeating a rival – classic example is Britain vs France Seven Years’ War and beyond
• Imperialism and imperial state• War makes state a leading investor and/or
customer• War (and space) spending has a ‘Keynesian’ effect
on economy• ‘Military-industrial complex,
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Impacts 2 Technological, medical and scientific development
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Impacts 3 Cultural/psychological impact
• Enormous impact of war on culture high and low
• Goya and war painting from Napoleonic period
• From figurative to abstract art – music Tchaikovsky to Stravinsky– Painting - Kandinsky
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Goya – Executions of the Third of May 1808
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Goya Il Colosso
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Goya from The Disasters of War
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Salvador Dali Soft Construction
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Robert Capa Death of a Loyalist Soldier 1936
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Impacts 3 Cultural/psychological impact
• Enormous impact of war on culture high and low
• Goya and war painting from Napoleonic period
• From figurative to abstract art – music Tchaikovsky to Stravinsky– Painting - Kandinsky
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Kandinsky 1908
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Kandinsky 1912
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Kandinsky 1912
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Kandinsky 1919
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Kandinsky 1923
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War Movies
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gz3Cc7wlfkI
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Political Manipulation
• Chauvinistic military campaigns to influence elections(Falklands factor)French imperialism in N.AfricaBismarck
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Social change
• gender roles; in mass warfare women move into ‘male’ civilian roles at work (what happens when the surviving men come back?)
• weakens class – ‘all in it together’
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Rosie the Riveter (US WWII)
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Ministry of Labour/ RoSPA UK 1943
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British Women Workers WW2
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Engenders Revolutions
• Russian Revolution
• Chinese Revolution – People’s Liberation Army, Long March, Yunan Period
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Destroys Empires
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Final Thought
• Wars rarely solve problems –
They transform one set of problems into a new, and often unpredictable, new set of problems.
1st WW ---- 2nd WW2nd WW ---- Cold War‘War on Terror’ ---- War on Radical Islam