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Veterinary Drug Use, Prescribing, Acquisition, and Pharmacy Management
L. VanValkenburg, RVT, BASVT
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Chemical name:Chemical name:◦ Provides scientific and technical information◦ First name received during drug development◦ Is a precise description of the substance◦Example:
7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one
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Generic (nonproprietary) name:Generic (nonproprietary) name:◦ Official identifying name of the drug (assigned
by the U.S. Adopted Names Council)◦ Describes the active drug◦ Written using lowercase letters◦Example: carprofen
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Brand (trade, proprietary) Brand (trade, proprietary) name:name:◦ Establishes legal proprietary
recognition for the corporation that developed the drug
◦ Registered with U.S. Patent Office; approved by FDA
◦ Used only by company that registered the drug
◦ Written in capital letters or begins with a capital letter and has a circled, superscript R by its name
Example: Rompun
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Occurs when health professionals prepare a specialized drug product to fill an individual patient’s needs when an approved drug is not available
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Uses of compounding◦ Creating discontinued drugs◦ Creating dosages and strength specific to
patient’s weight and health◦ Creating alternative dose forms such as
liquids, ointments, or chewable tablets◦ Adding flavoring to drugs to make them more
appealing to animals◦ Customizing formulas that combine multiple
drugs for one dose administration
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Concerns◦ Small compounding changes may turn an FDA
approved drug into an unapproved drug◦ Compounded drugs are made without FDA
oversight and may pose a risk to the patient◦ Compounded drugs may not be sterile and
can cause infections to patients that use them◦Errors in preparing compounded drugs may
result in disease or death in patients who use them
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United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)◦ Publication that is the legally recognized drug
standard of the United States◦ Describes the source, appearance, properties,
standards of purity, and other requirements of the most important pure drugs
◦ The FDA requires that all drugs meet USP standards of purity, quality, and uniformity
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Package insert◦ Provided with drugs to meet regulatory
requirements. Includes: Registered trade name, generic name, controlled
substance notation if warranted Description or composition statement Clinical pharmacology, actions, or mode of action Indications and usage Contraindications Precautions Warnings Adverse reactions or side effects Overdosage information Dosage administration Storage How supplied
See pgs. 99-102
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Drug label must contain:◦ Drug names (generic and
trade)◦ Drug concentration and
quantity◦ Name and address of
manufacturer◦ Manufacturer’s control or lot
number◦ Expiration date of drug◦ Withdrawal time (if
warranted)◦ Controlled substance status
of drug (if warranted)
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Drug References◦ Bound book of information on package inserts
Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR): human-approved drugs
Veterinary Pharmaceuticals and Biologicals (VPB) Compendium of Veterinary Products (CVP)
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Expiration date is the date before which a drug meets all specifications and after which the drug can no longer be used.
Assigned based on the stability of or experience with the drug
Vary for drugs that are mixed in the clinic depending on the reconstitution and refrigeration status of the drugs
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Veterinary drugs are those approved only for use in animals.
Human drugs are approved by the FDA and guidelines for their use in food-producing animals are provided in the Compliance Policy Guide (CPG)
A veterinarian/client/patient relationship must be established before any medication is prescribed for an animal◦ For guidelines for veterinarian/client/patient
relationships refer to Table 5-2 in your textbook
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Veterinary prescription drugs are labeled for use only by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian
A veterinary/client/patient relationship (VCPR) exists when the following conditions have been met:◦ The veterinarian has assumed responsibility for
making clinical judgments and the client has agreed to follow
◦ The vet has sufficient knowledge of the animal to at least make a preliminary diagnosis
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◦ The veterinarian is readily available for follow-up evaluation in the event of adverse reaction or failure of the treatment regimen
Veterinary prescription drugs must be properly labeled before being dispensed
Dispensing and treatment records must be maintained
Drugs should be dispensed only in quantities required for the treatment of the animals
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You are responsible for knowing ALL abbreviations and meanings listed!!!
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A prescription is an order to a pharmacist, written by a licensed veterinarian, to prepare the prescribed medicine, to affix the directions, and to sell the preparation to the client.
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The label on the prescription should be complete and contain:◦ The name and address of the
dispenser◦ The client’s name (+/- address)◦ The animal’s name and species◦ The drug name, strength, and
quantity◦ The date of the order◦ Directions for use◦ Any refill information (if
warranted)
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Prescription drugs may be dispensed by pharmacists or trained veterinary staff.
Veterinary prescription drugs should be properly labeled when dispensed.
Staff members cannot refill or dispense medications without DVM approval.
Medications must be dispensed in childproof containers.
Labels with cautionary statements should also be used on the prescription.
See pg. 110 for some examples.See pg. 110 for some examples.
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The medication order is written in a paper file or typed into an electronic record.
The medication is recorded along with date, time, and the initials of the person dispensing the drug.
The numbers of veterinary hospitals that utilize a completely paperless electronic medical record system is increasing.
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Advantages of using an electronic system include:◦ Improved efficiency
No lost records Immediate access to records Ability to pull up all prescriptions on one screen
◦Space saving No file cabinets, storage boxes
◦Cost saving Less filing No time needed to retrieve records
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◦Avoidance of errors Prompts for patients with allergic reactions Information on drug interactions Identification of clients with special considerations
◦Automated input Laboratory data automatically transfers into patient
record Prescription instructions can be entered into the
computer in advance
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Maintaining a pharmacy is a business that depends on charging and collecting a fee for services to continue providing medical care.
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Inventory and Control Maintenance◦ Goal is to stock quantities of each item as low
as possible to reduce overhead and inventory costs, but now low enough to have a shortage
◦ The longer inventory sits on the shelf, the longer it costs the practice in hidden costs.
◦ Too much inventory also ties up money that could be invested and used for earnings.
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Inventory Purchasing◦ Direct marketingDirect marketing is when a drug is purchased
directly from the manufacturing company.◦ DistributorsDistributors or wholesalerswholesalers are agencies that
purchase the drug from the manufacturers and resell it to the veterinarians
◦ Other sources of drugs include veterinary practices, buying groups of several veterinary practices, and pharmacies (vet or human)
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Inventory Management includes:◦ Maintaining an adequate
stock◦ Organizing so items are
easy to locate◦ Identifying products that
need to be reordered◦ Receiving and inspecting
shipments◦ Rotating stock and
monitoring expiration dates◦ Maintaining and organizing
MSDS sheets