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VacuolesBy Breelyn Johnson-Fite
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What are vacuoles?
Vacuole: cytoplasmic membrane surrounding the vacuoleMembrane surrounding vacuole is called the tonoplast.
Water channels of the tonoplast help maintain cell tonicity.
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VacuolesFunctions
• Stores waste products so the rest of the cell is protected from contamination
• Stores enzymes that break down macromolecules and detoxifying foreign substances
• Slowly breaks down waste products into small pieces that cannot hurt the cell
• Holds quantities of water or food
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Types of Vacuoles
Different vacuoles types can be found in different cells
• Some fungi and protists
Specialized, depending on the needs of the cell
• Central vacuole: helps maintain plants' shape and structure by storing water.
• Food vacuole: storage for molecules that is a food source for the cell (protozoans)
• Contractile vacuole: found in some protists, can pump water and used to maintain water balance ( in many microorganisms)
• Others: storage or split toxic materials from the cytoplasm
Types
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Types of Vacuoles
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Where are vacuoles found?
Fungi Protist
(Some of them)
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Fungi Vacuoles
Functions
• Similar to that in plant cells• There can be multiple vacuoles• Maintaining the right pH level• Help in maintain an acidic internal pH in cells
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Protist Vacuole
Have both food and contractile vacuoles.
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Where are vacuoles found?
Plant Cell Animal Cell
(absent sometimes)
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Plant Vacuoles
Has one large central vacuole taking up 30%-90% of cell volume
Larger in plant cells
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Plant Vacuoles• Vacuoles plays an important role in
plant structure. • The cell grows by expanding the
central vacuole.• Depending on how much water is
present the size of that cell may still increase or decrease.
• Most of a plant cell's volume depends on the material in vacuoles.
• Can expand in size to increase the tonicity.
Help Give Structure
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Animal Vacuoles
Much smaller than plant cells
One or more small vacuoles
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Animal Vacuoles
• Get rid of waste and extra waterTheir Job
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Disease Association
Vacuolar Myopathy• Occurs when many abnormal vacuoles develop in the muscle cells.
• There are several types of vacuolar myopathy.
• They stop the muscles from working properly.
• Can cause weakness and difficulty moving and breathing.
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Disease Association • The most affected muscles are legs and arms, heart or
chest muscles may also be affected.
• The severity and worsening of muscle weakness, depends on the type.