Download - Utility Plant Description
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UTILITIES PLANT
DESCRIPTION
Presented By: Zaheer Anwer
(UM UTY)
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We Provide the Following Utilities Demin Water
BFW
Steam
Power
Cooling Water
Instrument Air
Inert Gas
Air Conditioning
Waste Management
Potable Water
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Water SourcesWater Sources
Surface Source
Includes streams, drainage
areas, reservoirs and rain water.
Ground WaterIncludes wells and springs water.
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A
B
C
D
F
E
H
S
I
R
Q
M
N
J
U V
T
P
K WX
YZG
L
O
< 32 ppm
32-50 ppm
> 50 ppm
WELL AREACan
al
Road
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Canal Intake
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Water Reservoir
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Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties
Transparent and colorless liquid.
Pure water has no taste.
High surface tension.
Same composition in liquid, solidor gas form
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Ionic and
dissolved
Nonionic & un-
dissolved
Gaseo
us
Cationic
Anionic Turbidity, silt, mud, dirtand other suspendedmatterOrganic matter
MicroorganismsBacteriaOilCorrosion products
CarbondioxideHydrogen sulfide
AmmoniaMethaneOxygenChlorine
CalciumMagnesiumSodiumPotassiumAmmoniumIronManganese
BicarbonateCarbonateHydroxideSulfateChlorideNitratePhosphateSilicaOrganicmatterColor
Impurities in WaterImpurities in Water
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CLARIFIERCLARIFIED WATERFILTERFILTERED WATERSLUDGEPre-treatment of water
PolyLime
Alum
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Sedimentation
Liquid solid separation process after the waterhas been coagulated and flocculated.
Coagulants
Widely used Alum, Ferrous and ferric salts.
Organic Polymers Called poly electrolytes used as a coagulant aids
to improve treatment.
Long chain anionic polymers are normally used.
Advantages with coagulation / Flocculation
i. settling rate increases
ii. Sludge formed denser
Principle of ClarifierPrinciple of Clarifier
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Lime softening is the process used toreduce temporary hardness of water bytreatment with lime.
Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + 2H2O Mg(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 Mg(OH)2+ 2CaCO3 +2H2O CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
Lime Softening
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Clarifier Top View
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Mixing Zone
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Settling Zone
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CationExchangeResin
Removes cations from water
Anion Exchange Resin
Removes anions from water
Deionization of WaterDeionization of Water
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Cation Exchange Reaction
Ion Exchange ReactionsIon Exchange Reactions
++
+
+
++++
+
+
++++
++
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
Na
K
Mg
Ca
3
SiO
HCO
Cl
SO
H
Na
K
Mg
Ca
RSO
SiO
HCO
Cl
SO
HRSO
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Anion Exchange Reaction
( ) ( ) ++ +
+
+
+ OHH
SiO
HCO
Cl
SO
CHRN
SiO
HCO
Cl
SO
HOHCHRN
3
3
4
33
3
3
4
33
Ion Exchange ReactionsIon Exchange Reactions
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BFW and STEAMdistribution system
Pre-heatingDe-aerator
V-201
B-605B-601/602
KS header
HS header
LS header
Hydrazine
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Power GenerationPower Generation
Two Gas Turbines 18 MW Each
Two Emergency diesel Generators 1.5 MW Each
Fermont Generators ( for Emergency) 200 KW each
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Power GenerationPower Generation
GAS TURBINE
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AtmosphericAir
Exhaust
Compressor Turbine
Rotor
Fuel IgnitionSource
Torque Output
to driven Load
Torque
Output to
Accessories
Gas TurbineGas Turbine
CombustionChamber
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Gas Turbine CycleGas Turbine Cycle1 2 : Reversible Adiabatic Compression (Ideal)
1 2 : Ir-reversible Adiabatic Compression (Actual)
2 3 : Constant Pressure Heat Supply in combustion chamber
3 4 : Reversible Adiabatic Expansion (Ideal)
3 4 : Ir-reversible Adiabatic Expansion ( Actual)
1
22
3
4
4
T
S
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FFC GAS TURBINES
No. of Gas turbines : 02Gas Turbine make : General Electric Co. USA
DATA SUMMARY
Gas Turbine model series : MS-5001(Specific model: PG-5341) : Single Shaft Unit
Gas Turbine application : Generator DriveBase out put : 18 MWOperation cycle : SimpleShaft speed : 5089 rpmAir inlet temp. : 43 Exhaust temp. (On Gas fuel) : 482 Atmospheric Pressure : 0.99 bar22
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Compressor SectionCompressor type : Axial Flow HorizontalSplit Casing
No. of compressor stages : 17Inlet Guide Vanes : Variable
Turbine SectionNo. of Turbine Stages : Two
Combustion SectionCombustors : 10( multiple combustors, reverse flow design)
Chamber Arrangement : Concentrically(located around the compressor)
FFC GAS TURBINES
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Fuel nozzle : Pressure atomizing 1 per chamber
Spark plugs : 02, Electrical type, spring injected, selfretracting
Flame detectors: 02, ultra-violet type
Starting system Starting device : Diesel Engine
Reduction Gear Shaft speed ratio : 5089/3000 rpm
Generator Type : Air cooled open ventilated
Rating : 31375 kva
Rpm : 3000
Volts : 6300 volts
Frequency : 50 Hz.
FFC GAS TURBINES
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COOLING TOWERCOOLING WATER BASIN
UTILITIESPROCESS
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Air ConditioningAir Conditioning
Absorption Chillers
Plant site 02 Units (210 Tons Each)
Township 02 Units (245 Tons Each) &
01 Unit (450 Tons)
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Absorption ChillersAbsorption Chillers
Use Water as Refrigerant & LiBr as absorbent
Working Principle:
1) Water Boils and Flash-Cools Itself at Low
Temperatures When Maintained at a High Vacuum.(e.g. At 6.35 mm Hg B.P. of water is 4.4 C)
2) Some Salt Solutions have ability to absorb watervapors.
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Main componentsMain components
Evaporator:Returning chilled water is cooled indirectly by watersprayed over tubes. Due to vacuum, water flashes and coolsthe remaining water.
Absorber:Strong salt solution absorbs water vapor flashed in the
evaporator. Total heat load is transferred to cooling water.
Heat Exchanger:Used to improve cycle efficiency by heat between weak
solution leaving the Absorber & strong hot solution returningfrom the Generator.
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Generator:
A steam heated section used to restore solutionconcentration by boiling off the water vapor absorbed .
Condenser:
The water vapor boiled off in the Generator is condensed
in this section and returned to the Evaporator
Main components (Contd.)
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Air Conditioning
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C
C
chiller
room
Wall
windowAir Duct
FanCoil
Control
valvechilled
water
Pump
The Climatisation SystemThe Climatisation System
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Waste Management
Liquid WastesCooling Tower Blow Down
Oily water
Storm/ washing waterChemically Contaminated Water
Solid Wastes
Chromate SludgeLime Sludge
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Chromate Removal PlantChromate Removal Plant
Why to remove Chromate? Electro chemical Cells.
6H2O + 6e- 3H2 + 6OH-
3Fe 3Fe+2 + 6e-
3Fe+2 + 4OH- + CrO4+ 4H
2O 3Fe(OH)
3+ Cr(OH)
3
Zn+2 + 2OH- Zn(OH)2
Sludge Contact Clarifier.
Anthracite Filters
Disposal options
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Chromate Removal PlantChromate Removal Plant
Clarifier & Filters Electrochemical Cell
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Chemical and Oily Water treatmentChemical and Oily Water treatment
Separation of oil from water Neutralization of Chemical water
Disposal OptionsEvaporation Ponds
SCARP Drain line
Lime and Chromate Sludge Disposal
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Instrument and Plant AirInstrument and Plant Air
Requirement Quality
Moisture Removal Filtration Difference between Instrument and plant Air
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I n s t r u m e n t A i r S t o r a g e T a n k
F r o m M a i n
C o m p r e s s o r
A i rA i r
I n t e r S t a g e
C o o l e r
I n t e r S t a g e
C o o l e r
1 s t S t a g e
2 n d S t a g e
1 s t S t a g e
2 n d S t a g e
A i r D r y e r s
F i l t e r s
A i r C o m p r e s s o r A i r C o m p r e s s o r
I N S T R U M E N T A I R P L A N T
c a p a c i t y 1 3 0 0 N M C
A f t e r C o o l e r A f t e r C o o l e r
T o I n s t r u m e n t
A i r H e a d e r
T o P l a n t A i r
H e a d e r
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Inert Gas PlantInert Gas Plant
Inert Gas Uses Purging of vessels, tanks, pipelines, heat exchangers
To maintain inert atmosphere in oil consoles
Consumption during Shutdown/Turnaround
Blanketing of catalysts
Generation Processes
Natural Gas Combustion
(Process Employed at Base Unit)
Air Liquefaction Process(Process Employed at Expansions Unit)
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Inert gas GenerationInert gas Generation
Natural Gas Combustion
Main Equipments
Combustion Chamber
Main Compressors
Carbon Dioxide absorbers Booster Compressors
Storage tank
CHCH44 + 2O+ 2O22 COCO22 + 2H+ 2H22OO
2CH2CH44+ 3O+ 3O22 2CO + 4H2CO + 4H22OO
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CO2 and Moisture Removal
CO2Adsorbers
Ultrasorbers
Condensate traps
Inert Gas GenerationInert Gas Generation