-
USING SMART MATERIALS TO MIMIC NATURE IN ARCHITECTURE
JONATHAN GILDER
DEREK CLEMENTS-CROOME
CIBSE INTELLIGENT BUILDING GROUP DATE: 19/11/2014
-
INTRODUCTION
The application of smart materials to building facades primarily ETFE
(Ethylene Tetrafluoro Ethylene) is a new field. This presentation shall
demonstrate the creative application and advantages of using these
materials.
Very few areas of research where there is an amalgamation of two or
more smart material systems being used to produce an assembly /
module / product.
Most of these technologies are working on an isolated agenda to produce
a desired efficiency or result.
-
ANALOGY BETWEEN BUILDING NEEDS AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
-
ANALOGY BETWEEN BUILDING NEEDS AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
-
MOTHS EYE: An inspiration derived from the eye of a moth.
Nature at work has devised a surface which is capable of
absorbing 100% of the incident light rays towards it. Incoming
rays once entered into the cells are reflected within the cell
INSPIRATION FROM THE MOTHS EYE
-
INTEGRATING STRUCTURE AND HVAC (HEATING, VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING):
The branching of the columns into the floor beams and
eventually the floor plate is an inspiration from the branching
systems in nature (cross section of a human brain, the
intestines of a dog, branching of tress, etc).
The analogy applies to the building whereby the chill water
system for cooling or the hot water supply is carried through
the fluid-form structure, just like the branches of a tree from
the service areas to all parts of the building.
This is another analogy, confirming on the metamorphosis of
a built form to that of a living organism.
BIO-INSPIRED SYSTEMS
-
BAS (Building Automation System): The use of Web-enabled
devices, for the building automation system, which allows
remote building control and monitoring by interaction of the
central BAS workstation with the remote dial-up system
Embedded Sensors and Actuators: Within the structure of
the membrane skin, embedded sensors and actuators work
giving out wireless informations to the BAS system about
user occupancy, heating and ventilation, security, etc.
Attached figure shows one such cross section of a membrane
structure with an embedded sensor.
INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
-
INTEGRATING STRUCTURE AND HVAC (HEATING, VENTILATION AIR CONDITIONING)
The base material chosen for this project is
a high strength membrane concrete. Fluid in
its form; within which is an entire network of
heating and ventilation system, channelized
to every part of the building.
INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
-
Using a combination of ETFE (Ethyle Tetrafluoro Ethylene),
photovoltaics, moths-eye film, electro-chromics and air, a
designed case study was simulated through a Building Energy
Analysis software called IES (Integrated Environmental
Solution).
Dome shapes well suited for all year absorption of sunlight
Variable shading option through electrochromics via tracking
of the sun through the sky
DESIGN RESEARCH
-
DESIGN RESEARCH
-
THE BREATHING SKIN
Sensors and actuator control small openings of individual modules. This allows for a
breathing skin and reduces point draft from fixed windows
-
HOTTEST DAY GRAPH
-
COLDEST DAY GRAPH
-
The results of the simulation showed that:
Energy consumption was reduced by 75.65% and met the Architecture
2030 Challenge
Carbon emission were reduced by 90.77%
Overall LCC (Life Cycle Cost) had a savings of 196,391 through the life of the building.
OUTCOME AND RESULTS
-
The results of the simulation showed that:
The low cost and low embodied material could be effectively used to design monoque structures with large spans and column free envelopes
The creative amalgamation of smart materials on ETFE are not only dynamic in their operation by also cost effective in the long run.
Integrated Photovoltaics is regarded by many as the next phase of technological development in building faade systems.
IMPLICATIONS IN PRACTISE
-
Askeland, Donald R.; Pradeep P. Phul (2005). The Science & Engineering of Materials, 5th edition, Thomson-Engineering.
Braddock, S. and Mahoney, M. (1998) Technotextiles. London: Thames and Hudson.
Addington, M. and Schodek, D. (2006), Smart Materials and Technologies. Architectural Press.
"Intelligent Design". Intelligent Design network (2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-13.
M.Schwartz, The Encyclopedia of Smart Materials, vol.II. New York: John Wiley and Sons, pp.1138-1139
THANKYOU
REFERENCES