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Using IKONOS Imagery to Assess Impervious Surface Area,
Riparian Buffers and Stream Health in the Mid-Atlantic Region
Scott J. GoetzClaire Jantz
Woods Hole Research CenterWoods Hole, MA 02543
Robb K. Wright Marcia Snyder Brian Melchior
Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20737
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Small WatershedStream Health Assessment
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IKONOSAcquisitions
4m resolution
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IKONOS Acquisition Information
12.732.810:454/20/2000610.923.010:536/26/2000513.538.710:354/6/200044.222.611:025/23/200131.527.811:005/1/2001211.827.910:595/1/20011
ViewingAngle
SolarZenith
LocalTimeDatePanel
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IKONOSHigh Resolution
Impervious Surface AreaMapping
4m resolution
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IKONOS –vs-Planimetric Map
Red – Both mappedGreen – IKONOS missed
Blue – GIS missed
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Impervious Areaby Small Watershed
(~HUC-14)
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IKONOS Tree Cover Mapping
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IKONOS Tree Cover Accuracy Assessment
98.596.9278,236282,577287,297Non-tree
95.998.0208,351217,224212,703Tree
UsersAccuracy
ProducersAccuracy
NumberCorrect
Classified(IKONOS)
ValidationSample (N)
Overall Accuracy 97.3%
kappa = 0.95
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IKONOS Tree Cover compared to Air Photo Forest Cover
continued
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IKONOS Tree Cover compared to Air Photo Forest Cover
continued
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IKONOS Tree Cover compared to Air Photo Forest Cover
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Riparian Buffer Zones
Filter Pollutants in Urban Areas
Sequester Nutrients in Agricultural Areas
IKONOS permits consideration
of narrow buffers (e.g, 100’ = 8 pixels)
Shade & Protect Stream Habitat
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0 km 4
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Small Watershed Stream Health Ratings
n = 246
Source: Mont Co DEP & MD DNR
Combination of..Physical metrics
Biological metricsIBI rating
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% Impervious Within WatershedAcross all watersheds there is
a significant decrease in stream health rating with:
1) more impervious cover
2) fewer trees in buffer
3) less tree cover in watershed
% Tree Cover Within Watershed% Tree Cover Within 100ft. Buffer
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Stream Health predictors:1) Impervious cover*2) Tree cover within buffer3) Total tree cover within
watershed
Excellent rating: < 6% impervious, >65% tree buffersGood rating: <10% impervious, >60% tree buffers
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Does Landscape Configuration
matter?
SlopeDistance to Stream
(mean, edge)LC in Flow Path
Contagion (0 – 100)Clumpiness (-1, 0, +1)
Configuration was a2nd order effect..
Storm Drainsbypass Buffers..
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Carlisle, PACarlisle, PA
Mechanicsburg, PAMechanicsburg, PA
Camp Hill, PACamp Hill, PA
East side of East side of Richmond, VARichmond, VA
Greater Harrisburg, PA AreaGreater Harrisburg, PA AreaTraining Landsat Subpixel Algorithms with IKONOS Map Products
Impervious Surface Area
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LandsatTree Cover
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Stream health predictions across Maryland based on statistical models developed for 246 Montgomery county watersheds.
Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS) watersheds (DNR)
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Relevant Publications• Goetz S. J., Wright R., Smith A. J., Zinecker E. & Schaub E.
(2003) Ikonos imagery for resource management: tree cover, impervious surfaces and riparian buffer analyses in the mid-Atlantic region. Remote Sensing of Environment 88: 195-208.
• Goetz, S.J., Jantz, C.A., Prince, S.D., Smith, A.J., Varlyguin, D. and Wright, R., 2004. Integrated analysis of ecosystem interactions with land use change: the Chesapeake Bay watershed. In: G.P. Asner, R.S. DeFries and R.A. Houghton (Editors), Ecosystem Interactions with Land Use Change. AGU Geophysical Monograph Series.
Goetz S. J., Remote Sensing of riparian buffers: case studies from the mid-Atlantic region. Journal of the American Water Resources Association(forthcoming).
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The Maryland-National CapitalPark and Planning Commission