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Use a Venn diagram to compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction
BothSexualAsexual
Offspring
Diverse
Uniform
Trait
Type of
Reproduction
Identical
Different
Budding
1 parent
2 parents
Flowers
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Use a Venn diagram to compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction
BothSexualAsexual
Offspring
Diverse
Uniform
Trait
Type of
Reproduction
Identical
Different
Budding
1 parent
2 parents
Flowers
Offspring DiverseUniform
Trait
Type of
Reproduction
Identical Different
Budding
1 parent
2 parents
Flowers
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Task
◦Heredity Notes
◦Heredity Practice
Goal
◦ I can define heredity.
◦ I can explain the location of genetic material.
◦ I can use vocabulary to describe how traits are passed on from parent to offspring.
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Offspring – result of
reproduction; children
or young of a parent
Genetics – Study
of how traits are
inherited by
offspring
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Heredity – the passage of
genetic instructions from one
generation to the next
Generation – parents are a
generation, their offspring are
the next generation
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Define heredity.◦The passing of genetic material from generation to generation
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Genetic Material – are
instructions for inherited traits
Trait – characteristic passed
from parent to offspring; eye
color, face shape
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Gene – a section of DNA that codes
for a specific trait
DNA – (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
• Looks like a twisted ladder,
scientist call it a “double helix”
• Makes up a chromosome
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Chromosomes – are made up of DNA
• In asexual reproduction a parent cell makes
an exact copy of their chromosomes to pass
on: offspring are uniform
• In sexual reproduction each parent cell copies
their chromosomes, but only donates half of
the chromosomes to pass on: offspring are
diverse
• Humans have 46 or 23 pair of chromosomes
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In eukaryotic cells the genetic material
is found in the nucleus
All cells have
genetic material
Traits are
governed in the
genetic material
found: genes
DNA
chromosomes
nucleus
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Explain where genetic material is located in eukaryotic cells.◦Genes DNA Chromosome Nucleus
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Gregor Mendel – known as the “father
of genetics” because during his
research with pea plants he wrote the
Law of Dominance
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Allele - scientist use
letters to represent
traits that are passed
on: basically you
receive one allele from
each parent
• Some traits are
governed by multiple
alleles
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Genotype – the actual genetic makeup
found on a chromosome; scientist represent
genotype as letters; can be RR, Rr, rr
Dominant – represented by a capital letter
and are ALWAYS shown because they
mask other traits: always written first: RR or
Rr
Recessive – represented by a lowercase
letter and can only be seen when they are
all that is present: rr
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Homozygous / Purebred – alleles in
a gene pair are the same RR or ee
Heterozygous / Hybrid – alleles in a
gene pair are different Ee
Phenotype – physical characteristic
shown: round, wrinkled, green
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Probability – possibility that something will
take place
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Punnett Square – model created by
Reginald Punnett, used by scientist to
predict traits of an offspring
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Step One
Step Three Step Four
Step Two
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Round is dominant to wrinkled in pea shape.Show the cross for parents that are both heterozygous…. Different alleles Rr
R rRr
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Round is dominant to wrinkled in pea shape.Show the cross for parents that are both heterozygous…. Different alleles Rr
R rRr
RR rrRRrr
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Round is dominant to wrinkled in pea shape.Show the cross for parents that are both heterozygous…. Different alleles Rr
R rRr R
RrrRR
rr
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Cross Bb (top) with bb (side).
List the % of offspring.