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Usability and Human Factors
Cognition and Human Performance
Lecture bThis material (Comp15_Unit3b) was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department of Health and Human
Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 1U24OC000003.
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Cognition and Human PerformanceLearning Objectives
2
• Describe the processes of memory and their relationship to web-design (Lecture b)
• Describe the cognitive constructs for mental representation (Lecture b)
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Lecture b
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Memory
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Memory Processes
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Working memory (WM)
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Lecture b
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WM Capacity Constraints
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Long-term memory (LTM)
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Carving Up Knowledge
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Cognitive Constructs for Mental Representation
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Schemata
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Schemata (Cont.)
• To process information with the use of a schema is to determine which model best fits the incoming information.– Does the animal at a distance more closely resemble a dog or a
cat?
• Features of schemata.– constants (all birds have wings) and – variables (chairs can have between 1 and 4 legs);
• Aimed at evaluating how well they fit to the data being processed– Does the patient’s chest pain seem more like a case of
heartburn or might he be having a heart attack?
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Bird Schema
• Type: – animal
• Locomotion: – flies* (default value)– walks– swims
• Communication: – sings*– squawks
• Size:– small*– medium– large
• Habitat:– trees*– lands– waters
• Food:– insects*– seeds– fish
• Colors:– Variable
(Kaufman, 2010.)
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Scripts
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Cognition and Human Performance Summary – Lecture b
• Structure of memory with a particular focus on working memory
• Cognitive constructs for mental representation– Schemata– Scripts
• Next lecture: mental models and distributed cognition
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Cognition and Human PerformanceReferences – Lecture b
References
Preece, J. Rogers, Y. & Sharp, H. (2007) Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction. 2nd Edition. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Images:
Slide 12: Kaufman, D. (2010). Personal image of bird schema. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center.
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