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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
US V. Castillo-Serrano, et al
A Case Study of Labor Trafficking of Guatemalan
Nationals in the United States
Sean TepferNational Program ManagerHuman Trafficking Prosecution Unit
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Frontlinehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-30v3FP4J4
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Aroldo Castillo-Serrano• Long time
smuggler from Guatemala
• Charged $15-20K smuggling fee
• Most put up land deed as collateral which were kept by his family members in Guatemala.
• Provided workers to Pablo Duran, Sr. (Haba) and others in Ohio.
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
The Scheme
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Organization of Work at the Farm
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
18 U.S.C. § 1589: Forced Labor
Knowinglyprovides or obtains labor
or services of a person
Through one of four prohibited means
FORCE /RESTRAINT
ABUSE OF PROCESS
THREATS OF
SERIOUS HARM
COERCIVE SCHEME
Knowinglybenefits from participation in a venture; knowing or in
reckless disregard
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Surveillance
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Search of Trailers
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Day of Take Down
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Why not the gym?
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Trailers Day of Search
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Trailers Day of Search
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Ledgers Found Day of Search
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Checks and Payroll Documents
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Other Documents
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Promised “Education”
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Labor
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
18 U.S.C. § 1589: Forced Labor
Knowinglyprovides or obtains labor
or services of a person
Through one of four prohibited means
FORCE /RESTRAINT
ABUSE OF PROCESS
THREATS OF
SERIOUS HARM
COERCIVE SCHEME
Knowinglybenefits from participation in a venture; knowing or in
reckless disregard
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Sum Of The Parts
Coercive Scheme
Force Fraud Serious Harm
Abuse of Law
NonviolentConduct
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Coercion Framework
HARMVICTIM CIRCUMSTANCES SUFFICIENT TO COMPEL
VICTIM’S BACKGROUND/VULNERABILITIES• Age, education, socio-economic status, family, living situation, language,
immigration status, drug dependency
SURROUNDING/CONTRIBUTING CIRCUMSTANCES• False promises, document confiscation, monitoring/surveillance, isolation,
financial dependency, verbal abuse, emotional manipulation, work conditions/sleep deprivation, loyalty pledges, power disparity, gang connections, debts, incentives
ACTUAL/PERCEIVED HARM(S)• Violence, drug withdraw, homelessness, child services, deportation,
reputational damage, financial hardship
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Conrado Salgado-Borbon• Low level driver in Ohio who knowingly
transported smuggled workers. • Papagos, Inc.• Arrested day of raid.
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Bartolo Dominguez-Nava• Mid-level crew chief in OH who knowingly
transported smuggled workers. • Rabbit cleaning services• Arrested day of raid.
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Pablo Duran, Jr. • Mid-level crew chief in
OH who knowingly smuggled workers.
• 23yo US Citizen. Ran a crew at the farm via his own business Second Generation Farm Services LLC and contracted with father’s company Haba Inc.
• Similar working conditions as others and gave minor’s paychecks to Ana Pedro Juan.
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Conrado Salgado-Soto• Mid-level crew chief
in OH who knowingly transported smuggled workers.
• Contracted with Pedro Duran, Sr. to provide workers to Trillium via Haba.
• Workers paid per crate of chickens loaded/unloaded 12 hrs/day 6-7 days/week.
• Paid adults directly, but gave minors checks to Ana Pedro Juan.
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Ana Angelica Pedro Juan• On the ground
enforcer at trailer park and romantically involved with Castillo-Serrano.
• Collected minors paychecks and rent/debt payments from adults.
• Directed Castillo-Serrano’s minor son to lie to FBI. She lied to FBI
• She and at direction of others got minors from DHHS.
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Interviews in Guatemala• Language Barrier- Victim’s native language
spoken Q’anjob’al• Coordination with ALAT • Families took bus from/to Guatemala City for
interviews• Agents wired $ to families to pay for bus
tickets, hotel, and food• 7 out of 8 families interviewed – corroborating
minor’s interviews’ implicating Castillo-Serrano
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Sentencing
Conrado Salgado-Borbon Bartolo Dominguez6 months 12 months
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Pablo Duran, Jr. • Pled guilty to Harboring
• Sentenced to 14 months, SR for 3 years
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Conrado Salgado• Pled guilty to Labor
Trafficking Conspiracy and Harboring
• Sentenced to 51 months incarceration, restitution to victims, increased special assessment
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Ana Angelica Pedro Juan• Pled guilty to
Labor Trafficking Conspiracy
• Sentenced to 120 months, restitution to victims
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Aroldo Castillo-Serrano• Pled guilty to Labor
Trafficking Conspiracy, Forced Labor, Witness Tampering, Alien Harboring
• Judge ordered him to return all deeds
• Sentenced to 188 months, restitution to victims, increased special assessment
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Victim RestitutionWage and Hour Division of the
Department Labor calculated back pay
Final Restitution for 10 Victims = $67,232.00
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Challenges to Consider• Having enough services on-site after a
raid
• Keeping track of victims after the raid
• Keeping victims from being deported
• Getting teenage boys to talk about victimization
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Undocumented and Unaccompanied Minors
With-in first 24 hrs contact United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to notify child may be a victim of HT (202)205-4582
With-in 48 hrs contact HHS Shelter Intake (202)401-5709
With-in 72 hrs unaccompanied child shall be transferred into care & custody of HHS
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Pablo Duran, Sr.
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
Merry Christmas
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROSECUTION SEMINAR
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