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US Imperialism
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Close Read on Causes of Imperialism
Purpose: Identify the causes of imperialism
After reading the passage, answer the following questions:
1)According to Secretary of State William Seward, what would connect the American empire he dreamed of?
2)What made Americans realize that purchasing Alaska was not a mistake?
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Why expand? Build an empire Countries want raw
materials for industrial growth (e.g. copper, rubber, tin)
New markets to sell goods
Increased military power
Desire to “civilize the savages”
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Many Americans believed that the US should be isolationist (not get involved with other countries)
Many were afraid of permanent alliances with other countries
Imperialism vs. Isolationism
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American Diary
Turn to page 674 in your textbook. Read the source labeled, American Diary. Was Albert J. Beveridge an imperialist or an isolationist? Explain your answer:
Sentence starter: Albert J. Beveridge was an _________ because ___________.
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Alaska US bought Alaska from Russia in 1867 for $7.2 million
“Seward’s Folly” Added 600,000
square miles to USA Contained many
natural resources (fur, minerals, timber, gold, oil)
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As America industrializes, it starts to look towards the Pacific Ocean as a possible place for expansion
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Many American missionaries went there to convert native Hawaiians to Christianity
Missionaries opened businesses and became rich plantation owners
Major crop: Sugarcane Millions of dollars in
trade with the US
Hawaii
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Hawaii By 1840s most shops & shipyards were owned by Americans
Sugar planters had a lot of power
- Force the Hawaiian king to sign a new constitution giving away all his power (bayonet constitution)- Controlled most aspects of Hawaiian gov’t & economy
- Only the monarchy was native Hawaiian
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1893- Queen Liliuokalani presented new constitution that gave more power to the Hawaiian monarchy and people
Planters revolted and US sent Marines to help planters
Planters formed new gov’t and put US citizen in power as president
US votes to annex Hawaii in 1898 bc of its importance in the Spanish American War
Hawaii became a US territory in 1900 and the 50th state in 1959
Hawaii
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Summary
Summarize in 1-2 sentences why Hawaii was so important to America.
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Japan Japan followed an
isolationist policy for hundreds of years
- Banned travel to other countries
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US wanted to start trading with Japan before Europe became involved
Sent Matthew Perry to persuade Japan to trade with US- Arrived with war ships and gifts- Japan signed trade treaty (agreement) soon after
Japan
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Japan When Japan opened trade with US, it began to industrialize and modernize
- Period is known as the Meiji Restoration
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With industrialization, Japan began to look to other countries for new sources of wealth & raw materials
Invaded China and won Became a respected
military power In 50 years, Japan went
from an isolated, agricultural society to a major world power
Japan
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Primary Resource Analysis
Read the letter from President Fillmore to the Emperor of Japan on p. 19 of your notes and answer the following question:
According to the letter, why did President Fillmore send Commodore Perry to speak with the Emperor of Japan (list 3-4 reasons)?
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China Europe, Japan, and the US saw China as weak
Nations began seizing territory throughout China in order to gain control of trade & raw materials (spheres of influence)
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US wanted to ensure that it also could increase its influence in China
Issued an Open Door Policy saying that all nations should have equal access to China
China
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Boxer Rebellion
Chinese resented foreign presence & power in their country
Anger erupted into rebellion in 1900 by Chinese Nationalists- Fists of Righteous Harmony (Nickname was Boxers)
Boxers attacked a compound where foreigners lived and killed over 200 people
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US & other nations sent military to squash rebellion
After 2 months, the Boxers were defeated and China had to pay $333 million in reparations
Boxer Rebellion
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Partner Question
Why did the Chinese resent the foreign presence in their country?
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US Gears Up for War
Spain controlled many countries in Latin America
In 1895, Cubans revolted against Spanish rule
Spain responded by gathering 100,000’s of Cubans and putting them in concentration camps
Around 200,000 Cubans died from poor treatment
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Many Americans felt sympathy for the Cuban rebels
They felt the Cuban revolution was like the American Revolution
US Gears Up for War
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Yellow Journalism
Americans read about the revolt in the newspapers which were very critical (negative) of Spain
- Yellow journalism- newspapers wrote exaggerated stories about the revolt to incite US sympathy and to sell more papers
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Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst
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US Gears Up for War
1896-William McKinley was elected president and he strongly supported Cuban independence
Early 1898, US battleship, Maine, arrives in Cuba to protect US citizens & businesses
Ship mysteriously blows up and kills 260 US soldiers
War with Spain was declared soon after
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How is this painting an example of Yellow
Journalism?
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US quickly wins a victory in Philippines and takes control (allied with Filipino rebels)
Fighting continues in Cuba
Famous group: Rough Riders (led by Teddy Roosevelt) US soldiers who fought
bravely and won many battle
Newspaper reported many stories of heroism
Most American deaths weren’t on the battlefield
- Disease & food poisoning
Spanish-American War
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US captures Puerto Rico
Forms a blockade around Cuba
Spanish ships cannot get in or out
Spain is soon defeated and signs a cease-fire on August 12, 1898
Spanish-American War cont’d
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Settlement after War
US gains control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam
US faces dilemma (problem)
- Does the US maintain control over these new territories or does it give each country its independence?
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Complete the Multiflow Thinking Map about Maintaining Control over new territories
Maintaining Control or Independence?
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Cuba Becomes a US protectorate and eventually gets its full independence
Must promise that it won’t enter into any special partnerships with other countries besides the US
US gets a naval base: Guantanamo Bay
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Puerto Rico Under direct military control of the US
A gov’t is created that is controlled by the US
Becomes US territory in 1917
Puerto Ricans granted US citizenship
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Guam Becomes first US territory in Pacific Ocean
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Philippines Sparks a huge debate in the US
Imperialists vs. Anti-Imperialists
Becomes a US territory
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Filipino Rebellion
Filipino rebels felt betrayed by US
Declared war against the United States to fight for their independence in 1899
War lasted until 1902 when the Filipino rebels were defeated
40,000 Filipinos dead and 4,000 Americans dead
America gave the Philippines its independence July 4, 1946
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Partner Question
What do the Chinese Boxers, Cuban rebels, and Filipino rebels all have in common?
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Panama Canal
When the war began, the US battleship, Oregon, sailed out of Washington state to join the fight in Cuba
Journey took 67 days!
US gov’t started to look for ways to shorten the trip
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Many European countries tried to build a canal, but failed
President Roosevelt believed the US needed a canal running through Central America
By having a canal, the US connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
This strengthens our military and economic power and influence in the Western Hemisphere
Panama Canal
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Panama Canal
US had to have treaty with Colombia to start construction on the Isthmus of Panama
Panamanians revolted against Colombian rule in 1903
Panama becomes an independent nation
US signs treaty with Panama, Hay-Buanu-Varilla Treaty, and gets a better deal
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Video Clip about Panama Canal
Watch the clip about the locks at the Panama Canal
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US Foreign Policy
US Presidents want to increase American influence around
the world
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- If a country commits an extreme wrongdoing, the US must intervene using military force if necessary
- US becomes the “police force” of the Western Hemisphere
- “Speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far.”
Roosevelt Corollary
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Dollar Diplomacy
William Taft (1909)- Influence
Latin American governments through economic interventions
- Encourage stability by expanding US businesses
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Woodrow Wilson (1913)- Spreading democracy ensures stability and prevents war and revolution
- Protect US interests by supporting democratic governments (countries with similar ideas are friendlier to us)
Moral Diplomacy
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Compare/ContrastUsing your notes, complete the Thinking
Map comparing and contrasting the three foreign policies
Roosevelt Corollary Dollar DiplomacyMoral Diplomacy
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Essential Question
How did America’s role in the world change after it became an imperial nation?