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Urinary Systems
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Urinary Systems
• Also known as Excretory System
• Removes certain wastes and
excess water from body
• Maintains acid-base balance
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Urinary Structures
• Urethra
• 2 Kidneys
• 2 Ureters
• Bladder
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Kidneys
• 2 Bean-shaped organs
• It is located beside vertebral column behind abdominal cavity in peritoneum
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KIDNEYS• PROTECTED BY RIBS AND CUSHION
OF FAT
• HELD IN POSITION BY CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• ENCLOSED IN ADIPOSE CAPSULE
• COVERED BY RENAL FASCIA OR FIBROUS CAPSULE
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KIDNEYS• DIVIDED INTO 2 MAIN SECTIONS
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CORTEX• OUTER SECTION OF KIDNEY
• CONTAINS MOST OF THE NEPHRONS
(WHICH AID IN PRODUCTION OF URINE)
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MEDULLA• INNER SECTION OF KIDNEY
• CONTAINS MOST OF THE COLLECTING TUBULES (WHICH CARRY THE URINE FROM THE NEPHRONS THROUGH THE KIDNEYS)
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NEPHRONS• MICROSCOPIC FILTERING UNITS
IN THE KIDNEYS
• OVER ONE MILLION PER KIDNEY
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NEPHRONS• CONSISTS OF:
GLOMERULUS
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED
TUBULE
DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
COLLECTING DUCT
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RENAL ARTERIES
• CARRY BLOOD TO KIDNEYS
• BRANCHES PASS THROUGH THE MEDULLA TO CORTEX WHERE BLOOD ENTERS THE GLOMERULUS
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GLOMERULUS• A CLUSTER OF CAPILLARIES• FILTERS FROM THE BLOOD:
WATER, SALT, SUGAR, METABOLIC PRODUCTS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
• DOES NOT FILTER PROTEIN AND RBC• SUBSTANCES FILTERED OUT ENTER
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
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BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
• A C-SHAPED STRUCTURE
• SURROUNDS GLOMERULUS
• IS THE START OF THE CONVOLUTED TUBULE
• PASSES THE FILTERED MATERIALS INTO THE CONVOLUTED TUBLE
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TUBULES
• FILTERED SUBSTANCES NEEDED BY THE BODY ARE REABSORBED AND RETURNED TO THE BLOOD CAPILLARIES
• MOST OF THE SUGAR, WATER AND SALTS ARE REABSORBED
• UREA, URIC ACID AND CREATININE REMAIN IN THE TUBULES
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URINE• MADE UP OF OF A CONCENTRATED
LIQUID OR UREA, URIC ACID, CREATININE, MINERAL SALTS, PIGMENTS AND 95% WATER
• LIQUID WASTE PRODUCT PRODUCED BY URINARY SYSTEM
• PRESENCE OF SUGAR USUALLY INDICATES DISEASE
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URINE• ABOUT 1500 TO 2000CC (1 1/2 - 2 QTS)
PRODUCED DAILY
• 150 QUARTS OF LIQUID FILTERED THROUGHT KIDNESY DAILY
• FROM BOWMAN’S CAPSULE URINE ENTERS COLLECTING DUCTS OR TUBULES LOCATED IN MEDULLA
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COLLECTING DUCTS• LOCATED IN MEDULLA
• AKA TUBULES
• EMPTY INTO THE RENAL BASIN OR PELVIS (WHICH IS FIRST PORTION OF URETER)
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URETERS
• TWO MUSCULAR TUBES
• 10 - 12 INCHES LONG
• EXTENDS FROM RENAL PELVIS TO BLADDER
• PERISTALSIS MOVES URINE
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BLADDER
• HOLLOW MUSCULAR SAC
• LOCATED BEHIND SYMPHYSIS PUBIS
• MIDLINE IN PELVIC CAVITY
• LINED WITH MUSCOUS MEMBRANE
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BLADDER• MUCOUS MEMBRANE
ARRANGED IN FOLDS CALLED RUGAE
• RUGAE DISAPPEARS AS BLADDER EXPANDS
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BLADDER
• THE WALL OF THE BLADDER IS MADE OF THREE LAYERS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE (VISCERAL)
• URGE TO VOID OR URINATE BEGINS WHEN BLADDER CONTAINS ABOUT 250CC (1 CUP)
• MICTURATE IS TERM MEANING TO URINATE
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BLADDER FUNCTIONS
• RECEIVES URINE FROM URETERS
• STORES URINE UNTIL EXPELLED FROM BODY
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BLADDER MUSCLES
• CIRCULAR SPHINCTER MUSCLES CONTROL BLADDER OPENING TO PREVENT EMPTYING
• WHEN BLADDER IS FULL, RECEPTORS IN WALL SEND MESSAGE TO BRAIN
• BRAIN SENDS MESSAGE TO RELAX SPHINCTER
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URETHRA• TUBE THAT CARRIES URINE FROM
BLADDER TO OUTSIDE
• EXTERNAL OPENING CALLED URINARY MEATUS
• DIFFERENT IN MALE AND FEMALE
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• FEMALES: URETHRA ABOUT 1 1/2” LONG
• OPENS IN FRONT OF VAGINA
• CARRIES ONLY URINE
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• MALES: ABOUT 8” LONG AND S-SHAPED
• PASSES THROUGH PROSTATE GLAND
AND THROUGH THE PENIS
• CARRIES BOTH URINE AND SEMEN
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POLYURIA
EXCESS URINATION
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OLIGURIA
BELOW NORMAL AMOUNT OF URINE
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ANURIA
ABSENCE OF URINE
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HEMATURIA
BLOOD IN URINE
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NOCTURIAURINATION AT
NIGHT
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DYSURIA
PAINFUL URINATION
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RETENTION
INABILITY TO EMPTY BLADDER
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INCONTINENCE
INVOLUNTARY URINATION
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DISEASES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
• Cystitis
• Nephritis
• Acute Nephritis
• Chronic Nephritis
• Pyelonephritis
• Renal Calculus
• Renal Failure
• Acute Renal Failure
• Chronic Renal Failure
• Uremia
• Urethritis