![Page 1: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Urinary System
Anatomy and Physiology
![Page 2: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Functions of Urinary System
• Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids
• Remove or add substances to the blood
• Form urine
![Page 3: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Organs of the Urinary System
• Two kidneys• Two ureters• Bladder• urethra
![Page 4: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Kidneys
• Reddish brown; bean shaped on the posterior wall of the abdomen
• Inner region is the medulla; outer region is the cortex
• Nephrons are the working units
![Page 5: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ureters
• Tubes which drain the urine from the kidneys to the bladder
• Peristalsis moves the urine from the kidney to the bladder
• Can become inflamed in a urinary tract infection
ureter
![Page 6: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bladder
• Hollow muscular organ
• Stores urine• At the neck is the
internal urethral sphincter muscle
• Can become inflamed in a urinary tract infection
![Page 7: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Urethra
• Tube that takes the urine from the bladder to the outside
• Can become inflamed in a urinary tract infection
• Delivers both urine and semen in males
![Page 8: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Urethra
![Page 9: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Regulating substances and forming urine
• The nephrons of the kidneys filter the blood
• This means they remove substances from the blood
• The removed substances are called filtrate
• If these substances stay in the tubes of the urinary structures, they will be part of the urine and excreted
![Page 10: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Regulating substances and forming urine
• The nephrons filter out some things we still need
• Part of the nephron’s job, then, is to put these wanted substances back into the blood
• Putting them back into the blood is called reabsorption
• This happens as the filtrate moves through the nephron structure
![Page 11: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Nephron
![Page 12: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Nephron
![Page 13: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
One million nephrons in each kidney
![Page 14: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Glomerulus
Glomerulus:
This is the filter.
![Page 15: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Reabsorption
• Different substances are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream at specific locations along the nephron tubules.
• Some areas of the wall are more permeable to certain substances
![Page 16: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Secretion
• Sometimes, to adjust the blood and the filtrate for homeostasis, certain substances are added back into the tubule
• This is called secretion
![Page 17: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Functions of Urinary System Regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids Remove or add substances to](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a13/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Dilute versus Concentrated
• Dilute urine contains lots of water, and not many dissolved particles. Light color
• Concentrated urine contains very little water, and lots of dissolved particles. Dark in color. Dehydrated!
• Kidneys make adjustments to the blood, which results in the composition of urine