Mentor : Felix Thumm
URBAN OASIS People Places &Comfort
Great Public spaces are a measure of Livable Cities…
The project explores how to design comfortable and usable public spaces for neighbourhoods
Research by :Mahrooh [email protected]
With help of Felix Thumm
NEW DELHI density > 5x FRANKFURT density 11733/km2 2300/km2
CITIES
ELECTRICITY
WATER
OPEN SPACEGreen capita in cities lower than acceptable as per UN HABITAT
NEW DELHI placed LAST AMONG 95 CITIES by the UN
Climate abnormalities, and increase in annual mean minimum temperature
15% INCREASE IN AC DEMAND IN LAST YEAR!
URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT
TRANSPORTATION
POLLUTION
URBAN EFFECTToday cities are experiencing unprecedented densities and on comparing New Delhi is five times greater than the density of Frankfurt.This urban effect puts a lot of pressure on the city including lack of open space , where UN statistics placed New Delhi last among 95 cities evaluated for Green Capita.This results in rising temperatures in the cities due to urban heat island effect, which in turn increases energy demand.
GENTRIFICATION
FINE URBAN GRAIN ISOLATED BLOCKS
OPEN SPACEGreen capita in cities lower than acceptable as per UN HABITAT
NEW DELHI placed LAST AMONG 95 CITIES by the UN
MALLS TODAYTRADITIONAL MARKET
Social space Inward Looking Energy GuzzlersAdverse local economiesSocial barriersCongregation Community
Passively designed Local Economies
SHIFT in TYPOLOGIESThis results in gentrification of our fine grain typologies, embedded with a public realm, into islocated air conditioned blocks.We can take the example of the local market place being replaced with air conditioned malls.
Malls are designed inward away from the public realm. This creates social barriers, adversely affects local economies and consumes more energy and resources.Therefore it is important to demonstrate strategies which can create comfort in outdoor spaces and prolong their use and vitality as urban retreats.
This will promote hybrid typologies for IT parks, recreation parks, educational campuses etc keeping the finer grain.
METHODOLOGY | RESEARCH
OUTDOOR COMFORT INDEX.
STRATEGIES for OUTDOOR COMFORTPROJECT DEFINING
Reseach
- Climate Analysis
- Tool for comfort
- Comfort Scenarios
Pressing issue!!
CLOTHING
ACTIVITY
DIRECT SOLARRADIATION
DIFFUSE SOLARRADIATION
AIR TEMPERATURE
HUMIDITY
WIND
INFRARED RADIATION
The first part of the project is RESEARCH which included1) Studying outdoor thermal comfort interaction factors. We chose universal thermal climate index (UTCI) to evaluate user comfort,and it takes into account the following :
2) Finding appropriate strategies to increase pedestrian outdoor comfort in tropical hot and Humid climate. Steps followed are:a)Climate Analysisb) Comfort Toolsc) Strategies for micro climate
PARAMETRES
CLIMATIC
Air temperature
Humidity
Air velocity
Solar radiations
Infrared radiations
HUMAN
Activity
Clothing
MONSOON
CLIMATE | New Delhi
Dry Bulb Temperature
SUMMER
Relative Humidity
Wind
Max. Outside temperatue 450CMin. Outside temperature 4.80CYearly mean Outside temperature 24.90C
Summer from March to October
35% Humidity > 14g/kgAnnual precipitation average of 700mm
Monsoon from July to September
Average annual wind velocity 1.5m/s
Wind relatively more during the hot and dry season, during the daytime.
a)Climate Analysis Almost 80% of India experiences hot and humid climate and New Delhi is chosen for investigation as it experiences a more extreme summer and winter, compared to most.
Fig 1 ) Delhi experiences long summer from March to October and the temp rises upto 450C.
Fig 2) Monsoon occurs from July to Sep. For 35% of the year humidity outside is above 14g/kg which causes discomfort
Fig3) The average annual wind is 1.5m/s and it is more during the daytime in the hot and dry period .
CLIMATE | New Delhi
MONSOONUTCI < 320C
25% of year UTCI > 320C 72% of Summer UNCOMFORTABLE
UTCI < 90C
SUMMER
is considered comfortable in hot and humid climate
experiences cold stress
(Summer- daytime)
0 0 0 0
47 5169 64 73 77
99 9576
5642 46
5463
95
137
145120
49
3452 90
7954
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
50
100
150
200
250
jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec
Insola
tion [kW
h/m²]
IWEC 2.0 New-Delhi-SafdarjunHorizontal
total 1767 kWh/m²/a Ground Reflection 0 kWh/m²/a Diffuse Radiation 796 kWh/m²/a Beam Radiation 972 kWh/m²/a
HORIZONTAL SOLAR INSOLATION
a)Climate Analysis We map UTCI over the year; which takes into account the dry bulb temp, relative humidity, wind and considers mean radiant temp of the surrounding same as the ambient temp ( open field condition).
In a hot and humid climate UTCI < 320C is considered comfortable. We can see here that the monsoon period with high humidity and less wind is most uncomfortable. Winter is not problematic and with a higher clothing factor, thermal comfort can be easily achieved.
72% of summer daytime is uncomfortable. And during the hot and dry summer, due to less cloud cover there is high direct solar radiation.
CLIMATE WIND ANNUAL UTCI > 320C
UTCI < 90C
Average annual wind speed is 1.49m/s
During the summer predominant wind is from NORTH WEST ( when UTCI > 320C)
During the winter predominant wind is from the SOUTH WEST ( when UTCI < 90C)
a)Climate Analysis When UTCI > 320C, the predominant wind direction is from the North- West. This presents an opportunity to channel wind from the NW in site planning to improve comfort.
ADIABATIC COOLING
INCREASED WIND SPEED
OPERABLE SHADING 0% Transmittance
BASE CASEBLACK SURFACENO SHADINGNO WIND
PASSIVE STRATEGIES
Shading Increased Wind Adiabatic Cooling
HIGH SOLAR REFLECTIVE SURFACE
FIXED SHADING 50% Transmittance
FIXED SHADING 0% Transmittance
30% 39% 38% 49% 53% 36% 43%
TOOLS FOR COMFORT : SUMMARY
UTCI < 32°C
b) Comfort Tools
From the climate analysis we
understand the need for
SHADING to protect from solar
radiation
INCREASED WIND helps improve
comfort
ADIABATIC COOLING reduces air
temperature
TOOLS FOR COMFORT
BASE CASE
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
57%
79%
31%
17%
31%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
25%
20%
20%
0% 3%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
18%
0%
23%
0% 0%5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38Moderate cold stress Slight cold stress No thermal stress Moderate stress Strong heat stress Very strong heat stress
52% Comfortable
30% 1250hrs Comfortable
20% 628hrs Comfortable
60% 614hrs Comfortable
94% Comfortable
A person standing the entire year on a black surface receiving full solar radiation and almost no wind.
BLACK SURFACENO SHADINGNO WIND
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
57%
79%
31%
17%
31%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
25%
20%
20%
0% 3%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
18%
0%
23%
0% 0%5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
0% 0%
11%
0% 0%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
0% 0%
19%
0% 0%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
0% 0%
32%
0% 0%
5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
37%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
27%
7%0% 0% 0% 0% 1%
16%
0% 0%6%
0% 0%
33%
17%
7% 6% 3%9%
17%
24%
0% 0%
14%
0% 0%
34%
30%
21%20%
33%
35%
38%
39%
0% 0%
31%
0% 0%
7%
46%
71% 74%
64%
56%
44%
20%
0% 0%
48%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
94%
34%
1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
72%
0% 0%
28%
0% 0%
6%
60%
40%
8%
18%
33%
70%
28%
0% 0%
32%
0% 0%
0%6%
60%
75%
72%
67%
29%
0%
0% 0%
36%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
17%10%
0% 2% 0%
0% 0%
3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
57%
79%
71%
17%
31%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
25%
20%
23%
0% 3%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
18%
0%5%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
Summer day3141hrs
Summer night1024hrs
Year8760hrs
Summer | March - Oct4165hrs
Winter | Nov-Feb2040hrs
c) Strategies for micro-climate
To evaluate the moderation effects of
different strategies towards optimizing
outdoor thermal comfort, we consider
BASE CASE which shows
During summer daytime only 20% of
the time it is comfortable and during
summer night time 60% of the time it
is comfortable
TOOLS FOR COMFORT
HIGH SOLAR REFLECTIVE SURFACE
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
57%
79%
31%
17%
31%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
25%
20%
20%
0% 3%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
18%
0%
23%
0% 0%5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%3% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0%
94%
76%
53%
22%
2% 0% 0% 0% 1%
42%
64%
92%
37%
2%
23%
31%
29%
24%
14% 12%
22%
39%
25%
33%
7%
22%
0% 0%
16%
30%
29%
36%
48%
45%
37%
29%
3%0%
23%
0% 0% 0%
20%
45%51%
40%34%
23%
3%0% 0%
18%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR21
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
0% 0%
11%
0% 0%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
0% 0%
19%
0% 0%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
0% 0%
32%
0% 0%
5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
37%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
53%
22%
2% 0% 0% 0% 1%
42%
0% 0%
15%
0% 0%
31%
29%
24%
14% 12%
22%
39%
25%
0% 0%
24%
0% 0%
16%
30%
29%
36%
48%
45%
37%
29%
0% 0%
34%
0% 0%
0%
20%
45%51%
40%34%
23%
3%
0% 0%
27%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR21
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
27%
7%0% 0% 0% 0% 1%
16%
0% 0%6%
0% 0%
33%
17%
7% 6% 3%9%
17%
24%
0% 0%
14%
0% 0%
34%
30%
21%20%
33%
35%
38%
39%
0% 0%
31%
0% 0%
7%
46%
71% 74%
64%
56%
44%
20%
0% 0%
48%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
36%
12%
1% 0% 0% 0% 2%
22%
0% 0%
9%
0% 0%
42%
24%
12%9% 8%
14%
23%
31%
0% 0%
20%
0% 0%
22%
39%
28%
27%
40%
42%
46%
42%
0% 0%
36%
0% 0%
0%
26%
59%64%
51%
44%
30%
5%
0% 0%
35%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR21
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
94%
34%
1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
72%
0% 0%
28%
0% 0%
6%
60%
40%
8%
18%
33%
70%
28%
0% 0%
32%
0% 0%
0%6%
60%
75%
72%
67%
29%
0%
0% 0%
36%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
17%10%
0% 2% 0%
0% 0%
3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
99%
55%
4%0% 0% 0% 0%
90%
0% 0%
34%
0% 0%
1%
45%
62%
29%24%
46%
90%
10%
0% 0%
37%
0% 0%
0% 0%
34%
69%74%
54%
10%
0%
0% 0%
28%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 2% 2% 0% 1% 0%
0% 0%
0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR21
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
57%
79%
71%
17%
31%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
25%
20%
23%
0% 3%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
18%
0%5%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%3% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 1%
94%
76%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
64%
92%
82%
2%
23%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
33%
7%
16%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
3%0% 1%0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR21
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
Summer day3141hrs
Summer night1024hrs
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
57%
79%
31%
17%
31%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
25%
20%
20%
0% 3%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
18%
0%
23%
0% 0%5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38Moderate cold stress Slight cold stress No thermal stress Moderate stress Strong heat stress Very strong heat stress
WHITE SURFACENO SHADINGNO WIND
7% 59% Comfortable
9% 39% Comfortable
9% 29% Comfortable
11% 71% Comfortable
Mostly Comfortable
1% Cold stress
Year8760hrs
Summer | March - Oct4165hrs
Winter | Nov-Feb2040hrs
c) Strategies for micro-climate
For the pavement material solar reflectance or albedo , is the primary determinant of the material's maximum surface temperature.
Conventional paving materials such as asphalt and concrete have solar reflectances of 5 to 40 percent, which means they absorb 95 to 60 percent of the energy reaching them. light-colored pavements with solar reflectances greater than 75 percent reduces surface mean radiant temperature.We see 9% improvement in summer with just improving the ground material.
Alternately permeable pavements also helps keep surface temp lower through evaporative cooling.
c) Strategies for micro-climate
Opaque fixed shading reduces exposure to solar radiation including infrared-radiation, which keeps the surface temperature lower and thus improves comfort.However the heat transmitted during the day through the shading is trapped even during night, creating a reverse effect. Hence we see a decrease of 3% in comfort hours during the summer night when compared to base case.In order to take advantage of night sky cooling potential, operable shading is advisable.
TOOLS FOR COMFORT
FIXED SHADING 0% Transmittance
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
57%
79%
31%
17%
31%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
25%
20%
20%
0% 3%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
18%
0%
23%
0% 0%5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
100% 100%
76%
20%
1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
39%
88%
100%
43%
0% 0%
24%
50%
26%
13% 13%
23%
51%
56%
12%
0%
22%
0% 0% 1%
27%
49%
60%
72%
75%
48%
5%0% 0%
28%
0% 0% 0% 2%
24%28%
15%
3% 0% 0% 0% 0%6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR22
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
0% 0%
11%
0% 0%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
0% 0%
19%
0% 0%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
0% 0%
32%
0% 0%
5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
37%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
76%
20%
1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
39%
0% 0%
17%
0% 0%
24%
50%
26%
13% 13%
23%
51%
56%
0% 0%
32%
0% 0%
1%
27%
49%
60%
72%
75%
48%
5%
0% 0%
42%
0% 0%
0% 2%
24%28%
15%
3% 0% 0%
0% 0%
9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR22
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
27%
7%0% 0% 0% 0% 1%
16%
0% 0%6%
0% 0%
33%
17%
7% 6% 3%9%
17%
24%
0% 0%
14%
0% 0%
34%
30%
21%20%
33%
35%
38%
39%
0% 0%
31%
0% 0%
7%
46%
71% 74%
64%
56%
44%
20%
0% 0%
48%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
70%
19%
1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
30%
0% 0%
15%
0% 0%
29%
45%
23%
14% 13%20%
46%
63%
0% 0%
31%
0% 0%
1%
33%
45%
54%
70%
76%
53%
6%
0% 0%
43%
0% 0%
0%3%
31% 32%
17%
3%0% 0%
0% 0%
11%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR22
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
94%
34%
1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
72%
0% 0%
28%
0% 0%
6%
60%
40%
8%
18%
33%
70%
28%
0% 0%
32%
0% 0%
0%6%
60%
75%
72%
67%
29%
0%
0% 0%
36%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
17%10%
0% 2% 0%
0% 0%
3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
90%
23%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
61%
0% 0%
25%
0% 0%
10%
67%
38%
9%14%
31%
67%
39%
0% 0%
34%
0% 0%
0%
10%
62%
79%
77%
69%
33%
0%
0% 0%
39%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
12%9%
0% 1% 0%
0% 0%
2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR22
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
57%
79%
71%
17%
31%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
25%
20%
23%
0% 3%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
18%
0%5%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
100% 100%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
88%
100%97%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
12%
0% 3%0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0%0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR22
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
Summer day3141hrs
Summer night1024hrs
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
57%
79%
31%
17%
31%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
25%
20%
20%
0% 3%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
18%
0%
23%
0% 0%5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38Moderate cold stress Slight cold stress No thermal stress Moderate stress Strong heat stress Very strong heat stress
BLACK SURFACE0% TRANSMITTANCE, SHADINGNO WIND
13% 65% Comfortable
19% 49% Comfortable
26% 46% Comfortable
3% 42% Uncomfortable
Mostly Comfortable
Operable shading will allow the ground to reject heat absorbed during the day to the sky
Year8760hrs
Summer | March - Oct4165hrs
Winter | Nov-Feb2040hrs
c) Strategies for micro-climate
Operable shading takes advantage of night sky cooling potential, and allows the ground to reject heat absorbed during the day to the sky. This lowers the surface mean radiant temperature. Therefore we see a 12% increase in comfort hours during summer night when compared to the base case.
TOOLS FOR COMFORT
OPERABLE SHADING 0% Transmittance
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
57%
79%
31%
17%
31%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
25%
20%
20%
0% 3%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
18%
0%
23%
0% 0%5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%4%
1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 1%
96% 99%
78%
29%
2% 0% 0% 0% 0%
50%
91%
98%
45%
0% 0%
21%
45%
33%
18% 17%
28%
59%
46%
9%
0%
23%
0% 0% 1%
25%
43%
57%
71%
70%
40%
4%0% 0%
26%
0% 0% 0% 1%
22%25%
12%
2% 0% 0% 0% 0%5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR28
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
0% 0%
11%
0% 0%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
0% 0%
19%
0% 0%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
0% 0%
32%
0% 0%
5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
37%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
78%
29%
2% 0% 0% 0% 0%
50%
0% 0%
20%
0% 0%
21%
45%
33%
18% 17%
28%
59%
46%
0% 0%
33%
0% 0%
1%
25%
43%
57%
71%
70%
40%
4%
0% 0%
39%
0% 0%
0% 1%
22%25%
12%
2% 0% 0%
0% 0%
8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR28
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
27%
7%0% 0% 0% 0% 1%
16%
0% 0%6%
0% 0%
33%
17%
7% 6% 3%9%
17%
24%
0% 0%
14%
0% 0%
34%
30%
21%20%
33%
35%
38%
39%
0% 0%
31%
0% 0%
7%
46%
71% 74%
64%
56%
44%
20%
0% 0%
48%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
70%
21%
1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
33%
0% 0%
15%
0% 0%
29%
45%
24%
14% 13%
22%
49%
61%
0% 0%
32%
0% 0%
1%
33%
46%
54%
71%
75%
51%
6%
0% 0%
43%
0% 0%
0% 2%
28% 31%
16%
2% 0% 0%
0% 0%
10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR28
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
94%
34%
1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
72%
0% 0%
28%
0% 0%
6%
60%
40%
8%
18%
33%
70%
28%
0% 0%
32%
0% 0%
0%6%
60%
75%
72%
67%
29%
0%
0% 0%
36%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
17%10%
0% 2% 0%
0% 0%
3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
99%
54%
4%0% 0% 0% 0%
90%
0% 0%
34%
0% 0%
1%
46%
63%
30%27%
47%
91%
10%
0% 0%
38%
0% 0%
0% 0%
33%
69% 73%
53%
8%
0%
0% 0%
27%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 2% 1% 0% 1% 0%
0% 0%
0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR28
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
57%
79%
71%
17%
31%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
25%
20%
23%
0% 3%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
18%
0%5%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%4%
1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 2%
96% 99%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
91%
98% 96%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
9%
0% 2%0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0%0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR28
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
Summer day3141hrs
Summer night1024hrs
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
57%
79%
31%
17%
31%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
25%
20%
20%
0% 3%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
18%
0%
23%
0% 0%5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38Moderate cold stress Slight cold stress No thermal stress Moderate stress Strong heat stress Very strong heat stress
BLACK SURFACE0% TRANSMITTANCE, OPERABLE SHADINGNO WIND
16% 68% Comfortable
23% 53% Comfortable
27% 47% Comfortable
12% 72% Uncomfortable
Mostly Comfortable
Signi� cantly more comfortable days and also improves Nighttime comfort
Year8760hrs
Summer | March - Oct4165hrs
Winter | Nov-Feb2040hrs
c) Strategies for micro-climate
Elevated wind improves comfort, especially during the hot and humid days of the year and we see an overall improvement of 6% in comfort hours during summer, when compared to the base case.
TOOLS FOR COMFORT
INCREASED WIND SPEED 2m/s
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
57%
79%
31%
17%
31%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
25%
20%
20%
0% 3%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
18%
0%
23%
0% 0%5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
18%
5%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1%
13%
3%
78%
70%
51%
17%
1% 0% 0% 0% 2%
39%
61%
78%
33%
4%
25%
26%
26%
18%
11% 13%
22%
40%
22%
26%
9%
20%
0% 0%
20%
23%
28%
32%
41%
43%
31%
29%
12%
0%
22%
0% 0%3%
33%
53%57%
46%
35%
28%
9%
0% 0%
22%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR24_b
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
0% 0%
11%
0% 0%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
0% 0%
19%
0% 0%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
0% 0%
32%
0% 0%
5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
37%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
51%
17%
1% 0% 0% 0% 2%
39%
0% 0%
14%
0% 0%
26%
26%
18%
11% 13%
22%
40%
22%
0% 0%
22%
0% 0%
20%
23%
28%
32%
41%
43%
31%
29%
0% 0%
31%
0% 0%
3%
33%
53%57%
46%
35%
28%
9%
0% 0%
33%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR24_b
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
27%
7%0% 0% 0% 0% 1%
16%
0% 0%6%
0% 0%
33%
17%
7% 6% 3%9%
17%
24%
0% 0%
14%
0% 0%
34%
30%
21%20%
33%
35%
38%
39%
0% 0%
31%
0% 0%
7%
46%
71% 74%
64%
56%
44%
20%
0% 0%
48%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
34%
10%
1% 0% 0% 0% 2%
22%
0% 0%
8%
0% 0%
35%
18%
10% 9% 9%15%
25%
24%
0% 0%
18%
0% 0%
27%
28%
20% 22%
34%
39%
36%
41%
0% 0%
31%
0% 0%
4%
43%
69% 69%
57%
46%
37%
13%
0% 0%
43%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR24_b
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
94%
34%
1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
72%
0% 0%
28%
0% 0%
6%
60%
40%
8%
18%
33%
70%
28%
0% 0%
32%
0% 0%
0%6%
60%
75%
72%
67%
29%
0%
0% 0%
36%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
17%10%
0% 2% 0%
0% 0%
3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
97%
40%
2% 0% 0% 0% 2%
81%
0% 0%
31%
0% 0%
3%
54%
44%
16%
27%
45%
84%
19%
0% 0%
36%
0% 0%
0%6%
55%
71%
64%
55%
13%
0%
0% 0%
31%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
13%9%
0% 1% 0%
0% 0%
3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR24_b
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
57%
79%
71%
17%
31%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
25%
20%
23%
0% 3%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
18%
0%5%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
18%
5%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1%
13%9%
78%
70%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
61%
78%
72%
4%
25%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
26%
9%
16%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
12%
0%3%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR24_b
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
Summer day3141hrs
Summer night1024hrs
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
57%
79%
31%
17%
31%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
25%
20%
20%
0% 3%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
18%
0%
23%
0% 0%5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38Moderate cold stress Slight cold stress No thermal stress Moderate stress Strong heat stress Very strong heat stress
BLACK SURFACENO SHADING2m/s WIND
1% 53% Comfortable
3% Cold stress
9% Cold stress
6% 36% Comfortable
6% 26% Comfortable
7% 67% Comfortable
Mostly Comfortable
Year8760hrs
Summer | March - Oct4165hrs
Winter | Nov-Feb2040hrs
c) Strategies for micro-climate
Adiabatic cooling using a high humidifier efficiency improves the comfort hours significantly . Here it is critical to use the right equipement to ensure evaporation without leaving a damp feeling on the user.
TOOLS FOR COMFORT
ADIABATIC COOLING
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
57%
79%
31%
17%
31%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
25%
20%
20%
0% 3%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
18%
0%
23%
0% 0%5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
92%
73%
54%
30%
4%0% 0% 0% 1%
43%
63%
89%
37%
6%
27%
33%
28%
34%
22%
11%
20%
40%
26%
35%
10%
24%
0% 0%
14%
38%
35%
39%
52%
47%
41%
31%
3% 0%
25%
0% 0% 0%4%
28%
39% 37%33%
19%
0% 0% 0%
13%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR25
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
0% 0%
11%
0% 0%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
0% 0%
19%
0% 0%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
0% 0%
32%
0% 0%
5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
37%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
54%
30%
4%0% 0% 0% 1%
43%
0% 0%
17%
0% 0%
33%
28%
34%
22%
11%
20%
40%
26%
0% 0%
26%
0% 0%
14%
38%
35%
39%
52%
47%
41%
31%
0% 0%
37%
0% 0%
0%4%
28%
39% 37%33%
19%
0%
0% 0%
20%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR25
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
27%
7%0% 0% 0% 0% 1%
16%
0% 0%6%
0% 0%
33%
17%
7% 6% 3%9%
17%
24%
0% 0%
14%
0% 0%
34%
30%
21%20%
33%
35%
38%
39%
0% 0%
31%
0% 0%
7%
46%
71% 74%
64%
56%
44%
20%
0% 0%
48%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
37%
15%
2% 0% 0% 0% 1%
23%
0% 0%
9%
0% 0%
45%
31%
18%
13%7%
13%
24%
34%
0% 0%
23%
0% 0%
19%
50%
44%
37%44%
43%
50%
43%
0% 0%
41%
0% 0%
0%5%
36%
50% 49%44%
25%
0%
0% 0%
26%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR25
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
94%
34%
1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
72%
0% 0%
28%
0% 0%
6%
60%
40%
8%
18%
33%
70%
28%
0% 0%
32%
0% 0%
0%6%
60%
75%
72%
67%
29%
0%
0% 0%
36%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
17%10%
0% 2% 0%
0% 0%
3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0%
99%
82%
9%
0% 0% 0% 0%
93%
0% 0%
39%
0% 0%
1%
18%
85%
54%
23%
40%
87%
7%
0% 0%
38%
0% 0%
0% 0%6%
46%
77%
60%
13%
0%
0% 0%
24%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0% 0%
0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR25
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
57%
79%
71%
17%
31%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
25%
20%
23%
0% 3%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
18%
0%5%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
92%
73%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
63%
89%
79%
6%
27%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
35%
10%
19%
0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
3% 0% 1%0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
VAR25
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38
Summer day3141hrs
Summer night1024hrs
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%
82%
66%
45%
14%
1% 0% 0% 0% 1%
33%
57%
79%
31%
17%
31%
25%
27%
15%
6% 7%
15%
30%
25%
25%
20%
20%
0% 3%
25%
24%
30%
32%
42%
43%
35%
28%
18%
0%
23%
0% 0%5%
35%
55%62%
52%
43%
33%
14%
0% 0%
25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
IWEC20_new-delhi-safdarjun_421820_VAR1_black_20W_noS_8760
UTCI<0 0<=UTCI<9 9<=UTCI<26 26<=UTCI<32 32<=UTCI<38 UTCI>=38Moderate cold stress Slight cold stress No thermal stress Moderate stress Strong heat stress Very strong heat stress
9% 61% Comfortable
13% 43% Comfortable
12% 32% Comfortable
17% 77% Comfortable
Mostly Comfortable
Year8760hrs
Summer | March - Oct4165hrs
Winter | Nov-Feb2040hrs
BLACK SURFACENO SHADINGNO WIND90% HUMIDIFIER EFFICIENCY
c) Strategies for micro-climate
To conclude from the analysis we find use of high albedo material and shading as the most effective and economical passive strategy to achieve outdoor comfort.
ADIABATIC COOLING
INCREASED WIND SPEED
OPERABLE SHADING 0% Transmittance
BASE CASEBLACK SURFACENO SHADINGNO WIND
PASSIVE STRATEGIES
Shading Increased Wind Adiabatic Cooling
HIGH SOLAR REFLECTIVE SURFACE
FIXED SHADING 50% Transmittance
FIXED SHADING 0% Transmittance
30% 39% 38% 49% 53% 36% 43%
TOOLS FOR COMFORT : SUMMARY
UTCI < 32°C
The second part of the project is DESIGN
To demonstrate application of the strategies in a test-bed plaza.
To understand at the fine grain, what layers impact design decisions.
A design process to convert climate strategies into concrete solutions.
METHODOLOGY | DESIGN
OUTDOOR COMFORT INDEX. SITE ANALYSIS
STRATEGIES for OUTDOOR COMFORT APPLICATION IN TEST-BEDPROJECT DEFINING
Reseach Design
Design
Analyze
Optimize
- Climate Analysis
- Tool for comfort
- Comfort Scenarios
Pressing issue!!
CLOTHING
ACTIVITY
DIRECT SOLARRADIATION
DIFFUSE SOLARRADIATION
AIR TEMPERATURE
HUMIDITY
WIND
INFRARED RADIATION
Site selection:
We choose a dying commercial district, in New Delhi, Nehru Place which is ear-marked for gentrification.
ALL OF THESE ACTIVITIES BRING
PEOPLE TO NEHRU PLACE EVERYDAY
NEHRU PLACE
Dying Urban District
Gentri�cation
Detoriated conditions
Not Comfortable
Not Programmed
No Green Provision
Water problems
DEMONSTRATION PROJECT : New Delhi
MACRO SITE ANALYSIS
16F
4F
6F
6F6F
8F
6F6F
6F
6F 6F 6F
6F
6F
16
16
14F
14F
4F
OFFICES COMMERCIAL
LOCAL ECONOMIESENTERTAINMENT
EATERIESSMALL SHOPS
M E T R O S T A T I O N
NEED COMFORT FOR MORE RATIONAL USE OF SPACENEED COMFORT FOR MORE RATIONAL USE OF SPACE
Site problem
Nehru place already has a fine-grain network of pedestrian streets and plazas. However from the picture we can identify that the self shaded narrow streets are over used whereas the large plazas are uncomfortable and hence under utilized.
If we can program and create comfort in the large plazas, we will decongest the bottle neck areas, and at the same time support more local economies.
2000-30001000 -2000<1000
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MACRO SITE ANALYSIS | SUNHOURS
ANNUAL 4198 hours TEST BED
Plaza selection
We use sun hours to indicate the worst case plaza, which is selected for redesign.
SITE ANALYSIS | PROGRAM
M o v e m e n tM e t r o s t a t i o n
B u s s t o p
Site program analysis
This plaza is in the pedestrian path connecting the two transit stations ( Metro and Bus) on either end of the precinct. Hence a lot of people move via this area during the day.
SITE ANALYSIS | PROGRAM
R e s t a u r a n t
C o m m e r c i a l
M o v e m e n t
Site program analysis
The ground floor is mostly commercial and restaurants, which can spill on to the plaza and activate the ground floor
SITE ANALYSIS | PROGRAM
O f f i c e s
R e s t a u r a n t
C o m m e r c i a l
M o v e m e n t
Site program analysis
The offices surrounding the plaza will bring large footfall to the plaza during the lunch hour and after office hours. This makes it a viable location for local economies to be set up.
SHADING STUDY | 21 March
10:00 13:00 16:0025% shade in plaza
sunrise 06:28, sunset 18:27Site analysis
March 21st is used to evaluate the shading condition on the plaza, as similar condition will prevail for most part of the summer.
The buildings itself shade 25% of the plaza.
SHADING STUDY | 21 March
10:00 13:00 16:00
10:00 13:00 16:00
25% shade in plaza
70 - 75% shade in plaza by covering 45% of the area MOST CRITICAL TO SHADEMost exposed sun
sunrise 06:28, sunset 18:27Site analysis
Evaluating different shading configurations, we find that by providing shade over 45% area, as shown here, we ensure 70-75% shaded areas in the plaza.
SITE DESIGN | P R O G R A M C O M F O R T
SPILL OVER CAFES12:00 - 15:00 | 19:00 - -23:00
13:00 Programming the plaza
The cafes are programmed to spill onto the plaza. They cater to the people working in the surrounding offices. The will operate during lunch hour and after office hours until late night.
SITE DESIGN | P R O G R A M C O M F O R T
SPILL OVER CAFES12:00 - 15:00 | 19:00 - -23:0013:00
Base Shade Fan (2m/s)
Radiant floorFan (1m/s)
CLOTHING
ACTIVITY
DIRECT SOLARRADIATION
DIFFUSE SOLARRADIATION
AIR TEMPERATURE
HUMIDITY
WIND
INFRARED RADIATION
Summer | Mar - Oct | UTCI < 32°C
24% 54% 74%
Programming + Comfort
Providing shade and elevated air speed improves comfort hours by 30%, however in a dining scenario draft may not be preferred.
For fine dining restaurants, cooled floor with activated slab and low wind speed can provide much more comfort. We must bear in mind that this would mean more investment in construction and maintainance.
SITE DESIGN | P R O G R A M C O M F O R T
CONGREGATION | AMPHI18:00 - 23:00
15:30Programming the plaza
After office hours the plaza will be used for congregrational.
We program the congregational zone in an area which is in shade after 3:00pm, so by evening when it is used by people, the surface temperature is much lower.
SITE DESIGN | CONGREGATION | AMPHI18:00 - 23:00
Base Self Shade
Shade Mist Jetfan
Summer | Mar - Oct | UTCI < 32°C
53% 61% 89%
P R O G R A M C O M F O R T
Programming + Comfort
Just with the right programming we improve the comfort hours to 61%, when compared to programming it in an area always exposed to sun.
During performances or cinema, use of mist jet fans provide comfort for 89% of the scheduled time.
SITE DESIGN | P R O G R A M C O M F O R T
KIOSK | Local economy11:00 - 23:00
11:00
View
Programming the plaza
Local kiosk zone programmed along pedestrian movement, allows users to always stroll under shade. This maintains wind movement and visual connection from one side to the other.
SITE DESIGN |
13:00 KIOSK | SHADE
P R O G R A M C O M F O R T
BAMBOO WEAVE
BAMBOO MOVABLE
WATERPROOF LAYERDURING MONSOON
Programming + Comfort
Using local material like bamboo will be a cost effective solution which will engage local craftsman.
Bamboo mats can be made operable, to use night sky cooling potential and allow the ground to reject heat absorbed during the day to the sky
During monsoons a rain protection layer is added leaving an air gap allowing ventilation, ensuring no heat is trapped inbetween the two layers.
SITE DESIGN |
11:00 - 23:00
P R O G R A M C O M F O R T
Base Bamboo Shade
Shade Mist fan
Summer | Mar - Oct | UTCI < 32°C
29% 45% 86%
KIOSK | Local economy
CLOTHING
ACTIVITY
DIRECT SOLARRADIATION
DIFFUSE SOLARRADIATION
AIR TEMPERATURE
HUMIDITY
WIND
INFRARED RADIATION
CLOTHING
ACTIVITY
DIRECT SOLARRADIATION
DIFFUSE SOLARRADIATION
AIR TEMPERATURE
HUMIDITY
WIND
INFRARED RADIATION
8%
Fan only 5% improvement
Programming + Comfort
Using an operable shade will increase comfort hours by 8%, compared to a fixed shade.
Elevated wind and adiabatic cooling using mist fan creates localized comfort pause points , where people can stop and relx.These pause points are comfortable for 86% of the scheduled time.
SITE DESIGN | P R O G R A M C O M F O R T
18:00 - 23:00
KIOSK | Food Bazar
Base Tree shade
Summer | Mar - Oct | UTCI < 32°C
53% 61% 86%
Programming the plaza
The central area is programmed as a night food market. It is shaded with trees which reduces the amount of solar radition during the day and it will be comfortable for use during the evening and night. The no-shade zone allows for the fumes to exhaust easily.
Programming
Overall program of the plaza
Comfort
Shading for comfort
WATER Use of water for Mist fans
We require 280lts of water per hour for the mist fans proposed to create localized comfort in 15% of the plaza area. It is important to schedule when the mist fans are working to minimize consumption.
The analysis shows with shading and elevated air speed for 55% of the hot and humid summer and 33% of the hot and dry summer are still uncomfortable and need misting for comfort.
This helps us estimate the quantity of rainwater havesting needed to meet the requirement.
WATER Availability of water on site & water quality
1/4th of the rainwater harvested from the adjacent car-park roof is sufficient to meet the total need for all the mist fans.
We should bear in mind the importance of maintaining water quality when using misters. Legionella bacteria can breed in water stored between 200C - 600C, and prove fatal when sprayed. It is important to ensure proper disinfection and filtration before the water is used in mist fans.
LEARNINGS
Major factors contributing to thermal comfort in Hot & Humid
Surface Temperature
High Solar reflectance (Albedo) - Limit heat gain*Pearmeable surfaces permit evaporative cooling when moistVegetated Surface temperature lower than ambient air temp
SHADING CONDITIONS
*Wearing of material can reduce perfermance over time
LANDSCAPE & BUILDING MATERIALS
COOL PAVEMENTSreduce MRT
Min 30% Green CoverSolar and rain protection
ShadingLow Solar transmittance (Opaque)Low Sol. absorption ( White high reflectance)Emissivity Operable : Sky cooling potential
Shade from buildings
EVAPORATIVE COOLING + INCREASED WIND
To conclude:
Outdoor thermal comfort is regulated by atmospheric environment and urban density.
The surface materials and vegetation cover significantly help improve comfort. High albedo paving materials or permeable surfaces can help reduce the surface temperature. Vegetated surfaces lower the ambient air temperature due to evapotranspiration.
Shading is a cost effective passive measure to create comfort. Low solar transmittance (i.e opaque) and low solar absorption ( i.e white) material is recommended. Using operable shading allows to benifit from night sky cooling potential.
Increased air speed and adiabatic cooling is effective to improve comfort in hot and humid climate like Delhi.
LEARNINGS Designing plaza India | Hot & Humid
Surface Temperature
SHADE WITH BUILDINGS
Taller buildings to the South and WestBUILDING HEIGHT
PROGRAMMING
OPTIMIZE COMFORT requires site specific study
FlexibilityVariety
35m
Optimum size people can recognize from one side to other
Meandering + Easy navigation
Flexibility Focal points of comfort
Orient N/S
Openings towardswindward direction during summer
2H
H
2H
1.5HBuildings less in height towardswindward direction
To translate into design guidelines
First optimize the surounding massing to create shade in the plaza and at the same time allow it to be cross ventilated.
Building height to plaza width is important to consider to create self shaded areas with appropriate scale. Height to width ratio of 1:2 to 1.5:2 is reasonable. Building heights should be planned to redirect the wind downward.
At the fine grain the surrounding context and program need to be analyzed to design for optimized comfort.
Jan Ghel recommends a plaza width of 35m , and if more the plaza should be divided into smaller programs. Rather than creating comfort in the entire plaza, create comfortable pause points which people will navigate towards
DANKE SCHÖN for a great year! Cheers!
Mentor : Felix ThummAlejandra Cassis, Christian Degenhardt, Christian Fenzel, Joshua Vanwyck, Mathias Ramming, Matthias Schuler, Martin Engelhardt, Moni Lauster, Raphael Lafargue,Tommaso Bitossi, Thomas Auer, Wolfgang Kessling + All Transsolar
Academy family . . .