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SoftwareProjectManagement
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UnitIII
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UNITIII
SoftwareManagementDisciplines
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Part3Part3SoftwareManagementDisciplines
TableofContents(1)
IterativeProcessPlanning WorkBreakdownStructures PlanningGuidelines TheCostandScheduleEstimatingProcess TheIterationPlanningProcess PragmaticPlanning ProjectOrganizationsandResponsibilities LineofBusinessorganizations ProjectOrganizations EvolutionOrganizations ProcessAutomation Tools:AutomationBuildingBlocks TheProjectEnvironment
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Part3Part3SoftwareManagementDisciplines
TableofContents(2)
ProjectControlandProcessInstrumentation TheSevenCoreMetrics ManagementIndicators QualityIndicators LifeCycleExpectations PragmaticSoftwareMetrics MetricsAutomation TailoringtheProcess ProcessDiscriminants Example:SmallScaleProjectVersusLargescaleProject
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Part3Part3IterativeProcessPlanning
WorkBreakdownStructures
Thedevelopmentofaworkbreakdownstructureisdependentontheprojectmanagementstyle,organizationalculture,customerpreference,financialconstraintsandseveralotherhardtodefineparameters.
AWBSissimplyahierarchyofelementsthatdecomposestheprojectplanintothediscreteworktasks.AWBSprovidesthefollowinginformationstructure:
AdelineationofallsignificantworkAcleartaskdecompositionforassignmentofresponsibilitiesAframeworkforscheduling,budgeting,andexpendituretracking.
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Part3Part3IterativeProcessPlanning
PlanningGuidelines
Twosimpleplanningguidelinesshouldbeconsideredwhenaprojectplanisbeinginitiatedorassessed.
ThefirstguidelineprescribesadefaultallocationofcostsamongthefirstlevelWBSelements
Thesecondguidelineprescribestheallocationofeffortandscheduleacrossthelifecyclephases
FIRSTLEVELWBSELEMENT
DEFAULTBUDGET
Management 10%
Environment 10%
Requirements 10%
Design 15%
Implementation 25%
Assessment 25%
Deployment 5%
Total 100%
DOMAIN INCEPTION ELABORATION CONSTRUCTION TRANSITION
Effort 5% 20% 65% 10%
Schedule 10% 30% 50% 10%
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Part3Part3IterativeProcessPlanning
TheCostandScheduleEstimatingProcess
Projectplansneedtobederivedfromtwoperspectives.Forwardlooking:
1.Thesoftwareprojectmanagerdevelopsacharacterizationoftheoverallsize,process,environment,people,andqualityrequiredfortheproject2.Amacrolevelestimateofthetotaleffortandscheduleisdevelopedusinga
softwarecostestimationmodel3.Thesoftwareprojectmanagerpartitionstheestimatefortheeffortintoatop
levelWBS,alsopartitionsthescheduleintomajormilestonedatesandpartitionstheeffortintoastaffingprofile
4.Atthispoint,subprojectmanagersaregiventheresponsibilityfordecomposingeachoftheWBSelementsintolowerlevelsusingtheirtoplevelallocation,staffingprofile,andmajormilestonedatesasconstraints.
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Part3Part3IterativeProcessPlanning
TheCostandScheduleEstimatingProcess
Backwardlooking:
1.ThelowestlevelWBSelementsareelaboratedintodetailedtasks,forwhichbudgetsandschedulesareestimatedbytheresponsibleWBSelementmanager.2.Estimatesarecombinedandintegratedintohigherlevelbudgetsandmilestones.3.Comparisonsaremadewiththetopdownbudgetsandschedulemilestones.
Grossdifferencesareassessedandadjustmentsaremadeinordertoconvergeonagreementbetweenthetopdownandthebottomupestimates.
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Part3Part3IterativeProcessPlanningTheIterationPlanningProcess
EngineeringStage ProductionStage
InceptionElaboration ConstructionTransition
Engineeringstageplanningemphasis:
Macroleveltaskestimationforproductionstageartifacts
Microleveltaskestimationforengineeringartifacts
Stakeholderconcurrence Coarsegrainedvarianceanalysisof
actualvs.plannedexpenditures Tuningthetopdownprojectindependent
planningguidelinesintoprojectspecificplanningguidelines.
Productionstageplanningemphasis:
Microleveltaskestimationforproductionstageartifacts
Macroleveltaskestimationforengineeringartifacts
Stakeholderconcurrence Finegrainedvarianceanalysisofactual
vs.plannedexpenditures
Feasibilityiterations Architectureiterations Usableiterations Productreleases
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Part3Part3ProjectOrganizationsandResponsibilities
LineofBusinessOrganizations
Defaultrolesinasoftwarelineofbusinessorganizations
ProjectAManager
ProjectBManager
ProjectNManager
OrganizationManager
SoftwareEngineeringProcessAuthority
SoftwareEngineeringEnvironmentAuthority
ProjectReviewAuthority
Infrastructure
Processdefinition Processimprovement
Processautomation
Projectcompliance Periodicriskassessment
Projectadministration Engineeringskillcenters Professionaldevelopment
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Part3Part3ProjectOrganizationsandResponsibilities
ProjectOrganizations
SoftwareManagementTeam
Artifacts Businesscase Vision Softwaredevelopmentplan Workbreakdownstructure Statusassessments Requirementsset
SystemsEngineering FinancialAdministration QualityAssurance Responsibilities
Resourcecommitments Personnelassignments Plans,priorities, Stakeholdersatisfaction Scopedefinition Riskmanagement Projectcontrol
Inception Elaboration Construction TransitionElaborationphaseplanningTeamformulatingContractbaseliningArchitecturecosts
ConstructionphaseplanningFullstaffrecruitmentRiskresolutionProductacceptancecriteriaConstructioncosts
TransitionphaseplanningConstructionplanoptimizationRiskmanagement
CustomersatisfactionContractclosureSalessupportNextgenerationplanning
LifeCycleFocus
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Part3Part3ProjectOrganizationsandResponsibilities
ProjectOrganizations
SoftwareArchitectureTeam
Artifacts Architecturedescription Requirementsset Designset Releasespecifications
Demonstrations Usecasemodelers Designmodelers Performanceanalysts Responsibilities
Requirementstradeoffs Designtradeoffs Componentselection Initialintegration Technicalrisksolution
Inception Elaboration Construction TransitionArchitectureprototypingMake/buytradeoffsPrimaryscenariodefinitionArchitectureevaluationcriteriadefinition
ArchitecturebaseliningPrimaryscenariodemonstrationMake/buytradeoffsbaselining
ArchitecturemaintenanceMultiplecomponentissueresolutionPerformancetuningQualityimprovements
ArchitecturemaintenanceMultiplecomponentissueresolutionPerformancetuningQualityimprovements
LifeCycleFocus
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Part3Part3ProjectOrganizationsandResponsibilities
ProjectOrganizations
SoftwareDevelopmentTeam
Artifacts Designset Implementationset Deploymentset
Componentteams
Responsibilities Componentdesign Componentimplementation Componentstandalonetest Componentmaintenance Componentdocumentation
Inception Elaboration Construction TransitionPrototypingsupportMake/buytradeoffs
CriticalcomponentdesignCriticalcomponentimplementationandtestCriticalcomponentbaseline
ComponentdesignComponentimplementationComponentstandalonetestComponentmaintenance
ComponentmaintenanceComponentdocumentation
LifeCycleFocus
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Part3Part3ProjectOrganizationsandResponsibilities
ProjectOrganizations
SoftwareAssessmentTeam
Artifacts Deploymentset SCOdatabase Usermanual Environment Releasespecifications Releasedescriptions Deploymentdocuments
Releasetesting Changemanagement Deployment Environmentsupport Responsibilities
Projectinfrastructure Independenttesting Requirementsverification Metricsanalysis Configurationcontrol Changemanagement Userdeployment
Inception Elaboration Construction TransitionInfrastructureplanningPrimaryscenarioprototyping
InfrastructurebaseliningArchitecturereleasetestingChangemanagementInitialusermanual
InfrastructureupgradesReleasetestingChangemanagementUsermanualbaselineRequirementsverification
InfrastructuremaintenanceReleasebaseliningChangemanagementDeploymenttousersRequirementsverification
LifeCycleFocus
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Part3Part3ProjectOrganizationsandResponsibilities
EvolutionofOrganizations
Softwaremanagement
50%
Softwareassessment
10%
Softwaredevelopment
20%
Softwarearchitecture
20%
Softwaremanagement
10%
Softwareassessment
20%
Softwaredevelopment
20%
Softwarearchitecture
50%
Softwaremanagement
10%
Softwareassessment
50%
Softwaredevelopment
35%
Softwarearchitecture
5%
Softwaremanagement
10%
Softwareassessment
30%
Softwaredevelopment
50%
Softwarearchitecture
10%
Inception ElaborationTransition Construction
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Part3Part3ProcessAutomation
Computeraidedsoftwareengineering
Computeraidedsoftwareengineering(CASE)issoftwaretosupportsoftwaredevelopmentandevolutionprocesses.
Activityautomation Graphicaleditorsforsystemmodeldevelopment; Datadictionarytomanagedesignentities; GraphicalUIbuilderforuserinterfaceconstruction; Debuggerstosupportprogramfaultfinding; Automatedtranslatorstogeneratenewversionsofa
program.
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Part3Part3ProcessAutomation
Computeraidedsoftwareengineering(CASE)Technology
Casetechnologyhasledtosignificantimprovementsinthesoftwareprocess.However,thesearenottheorderofmagnitudeimprovementsthatwereoncepredicted Softwareengineeringrequirescreativethoughtthisis
notreadilyautomated; Softwareengineeringisateamactivityand,forlarge
projects,muchtimeisspentinteaminteractions.CASEtechnologydoesnotreallysupportthese.
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Part3Part3ProcessAutomation
CASEClassification
ClassificationhelpsusunderstandthedifferenttypesofCASEtoolsandtheirsupportforprocessactivities.
Functionalperspective Toolsareclassifiedaccordingtotheirspecificfunction.
Processperspective Toolsareclassifiedaccordingtoprocessactivitiesthatare
supported. Integrationperspective
Toolsareclassifiedaccordingtotheirorganisationintointegratedunits.
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Part3Part3ProcessAutomationFunctionalToolClassification
Tool type Examples
Planning tools PERT tools, estimation tools, spreadsheets
Editing tools Text editors, diagram editors, word processors
Change management tools Requirements traceability tools, change control systems
Configuration management tools Version management systems, system building tools
Prototyping tools Very high-level languages, user interface generators
Method-support tools Design editors, data dictionaries, code generators
Language-processing tools Compilers, interpreters
Program analysis tools Cross reference generators, static analysers, dynamic analysers
Testing tools Test data generators, file comparators
Debugging tools Interactive debugging systems
Documentation tools Page layout programs, image editors
Re-engineering tools Cross-reference systems, program re-structuring systems
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Part3Part3ProcessAutomation
CASEIntegration
Tools Supportindividualprocesstaskssuchasdesign
consistencychecking,textediting,etc. Workbenches
Supportaprocessphasesuchasspecificationordesign,Normallyincludeanumberofintegratedtools.
Environments Supportallorasubstantialpartofanentiresoftware
process.Normallyincludeseveralintegratedworkbenches.
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Part3Part3ProcessAutomation
Tools,Workbenches,Environments
Single-methodworkbenches
Gener al-purposeworkbenches
Multi-methodworkbenches
Langua ge-specificworkbenches
Programming TestingAnal ysis anddesign
Integ rateden vironments
Pr ocess-centr eden vironments
Filecompar atorsCompilersEditors
EnvironmentsWor kbenchesTools
CASEtechnolo gy
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Part3Part3ProjectControlandProcessInstrumentation
TheCoreMetrics
METRIC PURPOSE PERSPECTIVES
Workandprogress Iterationplanning,planvs.actuals,managementindicator
SLOC,functionpoints,objectpoints,scenarios,testcases,SCOs
Budgetcostandexpenditures Financialinsight,planvs.actuals,managementindicator
Costpermonth,fulltimestaffpermonth,percentageofbudgetexpended
Staffingandteamdynamics Resourceplanvs.actuals,hiringrate,attritionrate Peoplepermonthadded,peoplepermonthleaving
Changetrafficandstability Iterationplanning,managementindicatorofscheduleconvergence
Softwarechanges
Breakageandmodularity Convergence,softwarescrap,qualityindicator ReworkedSLOCperchange,bytype,byrelease/component/subsystem
Reworkandadoptability Convergence,softwarerework,qualityindicator Averagehoursperchange,bytype,byrelease/component/subsystem
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Part3Part3TailoringtheProcess
ProcessDiscriminants
ThetwoprimarydimensionsofprocessvariabilityHighertechnicalcomplexityEmbedded,realtime,distributed,faulttolerantHighperformance,portableUnprecedented,architecturereengineering
LowertechnicalcomplexityStraightforwardautomation,singlethreadInteractiveperformance,singleplatformManyprecedentsystems,applicationreengineering
HighermanagementcomplexityLargescaleContractualManystakeholdersProjects
LowermanagementcomplexitySmallerscaleInformalFewstakeholdersProducts
Averagesoftwareproject5to10people10to12months3to5externalinterfacesSomeunknowns,risks
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Part3Part3TailoringtheProcess
Example:SmallScaleProjectvs.LargeScaleProject
Differencesinworkflowprioritiesbetweensmallandlargeprojects
Rank SmallCommercialProject LargeComplexProject
1 Design Management
2 Implementation Design
3 Deployment Requirements
4 Requirements Assessment
5 Assessments Environment
6 Management Implementation
7 Environment Deployment07/20/13
Software Project Management UNIT -IIIPart 3 Software Management Disciplines Table of Contents (1)Part 3 Software Management Disciplines Table of Contents (2)Part 3 Iterative Process Planning Work Breakdown StructuresPart 3 Iterative Process Planning Planning GuidelinesPart 3 Iterative Process Planning The Cost and Schedule Estimating ProcessSlide 8Part 3 Iterative Process Planning The Iteration Planning ProcessPart 3 Project Organizations and Responsibilities Line-of-Business OrganizationsPart 3 Project Organizations and Responsibilities Project OrganizationsSlide 12Slide 13Slide 14Part 3 Project Organizations and Responsibilities Evolution of OrganizationsPart 3 Process Automation Computer-aided software engineeringPart 3 Process Automation Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) TechnologyPart 3 Process Automation CASE ClassificationPart 3 Process Automation Functional Tool ClassificationPart 3 Process Automation CASE IntegrationPart 3 Process Automation Tools, Workbenches, EnvironmentsPart 3 Project Control and Process Instrumentation The Core MetricsPart 3 Tailoring the Process Process DiscriminantsPart 3 Tailoring the Process Example: Small-Scale Project vs. Large-Scale Project