UNIT 7Chapter 23 – The French Revolution & Napoleon
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
Napoleon Bonaparte crossing the Great Saint Bernard pass in 1801. Painting, Jacques Louis David.
CHAPTER 23The French Revolution and Napoleon,1789–1815
The French Revolution establishes a new political order, Napoleon Bonaparte gains and loses an empire, and European states forge a balance of power.
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
SECTION 4
The French Revolution Begins
Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
Napoleon Forges an Empire
Napoleon’s Empire Collapses
SECTION 5 The Congress of Vienna
OBJECTIVES
CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the French Revolution, the rise and fall of Napoleon, and the Congress of Vienna. Objective 7.1: Summarize the factors that
led to the French Revolution Objective 7.2: Explain the developments in French
government that led to the Reign of Terror Objective 7.3: Summarize how Napoleon restored order
in France. Objective 7.4: Summarize Napoleon’s defeat, comeback,
and final downfall along with the impact of the Congress of Vienna.
IMPORTANT LEADERS
Louis XVI: King of France (1774 – 1792)Marie Antoinette: Queen of France, wife to Louis XVI
Maximillian Robespierre: Influential leader of the Revolution, Jacobins, & the Reign of Terror
Jean-Paul Marat: newspaper writer who supported radical revolution in France
Georges Danton: early leader of the revolutionary Girondist group that wanted to end the power of the King Girondists were a small group of the Legislative Assembly that wanted
to get rid of Louis XVI, also led the war against Austria
Napoleon: became dictator of France after the Revolution
Chapter 23 SECTION 1 –
The French Revolution Begins
Economic and social inequalities in theOld Regime help cause the French Revolution.
THE OLD ORDER
The Old RegimeOld Regime — political (estate) system in France during
the 1770sEstates — three social classes of France’s Old Regime
The Privileged EstatesFirst Estate — Catholic clergy — own 10 percent land,
pay few taxes; provides aid/education to the poorSecond Estate — rich nobles — 2 percent population,
own 20 percent land; hate the Enlightenment
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THE THIRD ESTATE
The Third Estate (commoners) - 97 percent of people – are further separated into three groups Have few privileges, pay
heavy taxes, want change
#1 Bourgeoisie (Middle Class), owners, merchants, bankers
#2 urban workers#3 peasants, 80% of pop.
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WHAT DOES THIS REPRESENT?
MONEY TROUBLES
Economic Troubles High taxes and rising costs damage
economy by 1780s The Seven Years War and aid to the
American Revolution had also increased debt
King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette known for extravagance
French King Louis XVI & wife Marie Antoinette double nation’s debt; banks refuse to lend more money in 1786
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MADAME DEFICIT
THE MOOD IN 1780’S FRANCE
The Third Estate is burdened with heavy taxes while the nobility pay none
Crop failures have made the price of bread double; many face starvation
Enlightenment ideas have spread about having the power to change unfit government
The King has mismanaged govt. money, wants to increase taxes while he throws lavish parties
ESTATES-GENERAL
Louis’s solution was to tax the nobility The 2nd Estate forces a meeting
Louis calls Estates-General
— meeting of representatives
from all three estates in May
1789 to discuss new taxes
This is the first Estates-General in 175
years Under the rules, each estate gets one vote
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REVOLUTION BEGINS
The National Assembly Third Estate has little power under old rules; they insist all estates meet
together and each delegate gets a vote; King rejects it
Third Estate sets up National Assembly — new legislature to
make reforms; June 1789 Tennis Court Oath — Third Estate decides to write new
constitution for France after being locked out of Estates-General
Storming the Bastille Rumors fly in Paris that Louis wants to suppress National Assembly
Mob attacks and seizes Bastille prison, killing guards; July 1789 The attack on the prison is the beginning of the Revolution
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STORMING THE BASTILLE
A GREAT FEAR
Rumors and panic spread throughout FranceGreat Fear — attacks by peasants taking place across
France Peasants destroy legal papers binding them to feudal system
In October 1789, Parisian women revolt over rising price of bread They demand action, forcing Louis to return from Versailles to Paris
Origins of the French Revolution—Assessment
Which of these choices best describes the Bourgeoisie?
(A) Powerful clergy of the 1st Estate
(B) Wealthy nobles of the 2nd Estate
(C) Impoverished peasants of the 3rd Estate
(D) Wealthy middle class of the 3rd Estate
Which of these is Marie Antoinette known for?
(A) Extravagant and wasteful wife of Louis XVI
(B) Influential leader of the storming of the Bastille
(C) Financially smart wife of Louis XVI who led France after his death
(D) Visionary who led the Tennis Court Oath
Origins of the French Revolution—Assessment
Which of these choices best describes the Bourgeoisie?
(A) Powerful clergy of the 1st Estate
(B) Wealthy nobles of the 2nd Estate
(C) Impoverished peasants of the 3rd Estate
(D) Wealthy middle class of the 3rd Estate
Which of these is Marie Antoinette known for?
(A) Extravagant and wasteful wife of Louis XVI
(B) Influential leader of the storming of the Bastille
(C) Financially smart wife of Louis XVI who led France after his death
(D) Gambling visionary who led the Tennis Court Oath
Vocabulary Assessment
Which of these choices best describes a guerilla?
(A) Generals using animals on the battlefield
(B) Revolutionary fighting forces that are used to overthrow a leader
(C) Loosely organized fighting forces making surprise attacks
(D) Special forces a king must use to end revolutions
Which of these best describes an Emigre?
(A) King Louis XVI using force to end the Revolution
(B) Nobles fleeing France during peasant uprisings
(C) The Third Estate creating the National Assembly
(D) Peasants revolting against their manors for freedom
Vocabulary Assessment
Which of these choices best describes a guerilla?
(A) Generals using animals on the battlefield
(B) Revolutionary fighting forces that are used to overthrow a leader
(C) Loosely organized fighting forces making surprise attacks
(D) Special forces a king must use to end revolutions
Which of these best describes an Emigre?
(A) King Louis XVI using force to end the Revolution
(B) Nobles fleeing France during peasant uprisings
(C) The Third Estate creating the National Assembly
(D) Peasants revolting against their manors for freedom