Page 1 of 1 Unit 7 Objectives.docx
Unit 7 Organic Chem
At the end of this unit, you’ll be able to…
� Identify organic compounds versus inorganic compounds based on structure, name, or
characteristics of an unknown compound
� Recognize the characteristics of organic compounds
� Differentiate between aliphatic, aromatic, saturated, and unsaturated compounds
� Name organic compounds based on IUPAC rules, with the help of table P and Q
� Draw organic compounds from a IUPAC name
� Distinguish between alkynes, alkenes, and alkanes
� Name and identify isomers
� Identify various functional groups of organic compounds using Table R:
o Halide (halocarbon)
o Alcohol
o Ether
o Aldehyde
o Ketone
o Organic Acid
o Ester
o Amine
o Amide
� Categorize various organic reactions properly including addition, substitution,
� polymerization, esterification, fermentation, saponification, and combustion.
7-1
Unit 7 Organic Chem
Term Definition
Addition rxna halogen atom (or atoms) replaces a double or triple bond within
an unsaturated hydrocarbon
Alcohol
an organic molecule that contains at least one –OH (hydroxyl)
group attached to the carbon chain. Ex: CH3OH (methanol),
CH3CH2OH (ethanol)
Aldehyde
an organic molecule that contains a carbonyl group attached to a
primary/terminal carbon. Ex: HCHO (methanal), CH3CHO
(ethanal)
Alkanea saturated hydrocarbon; a hydrocarbon containing all single
bonds; a hydrocarbon with no double or triple bonds
Alkene an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one double bond
Alkyne an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one triple bond
Amide
an organic molecule that contains a carbonyl group attached to a
nitrogen within the carbon chain. Ex: HCONH2 (methanamide),
CH3CONH2 (ethanamide)
Amine
an organic molecule that contains a nitrogen which is attached to
only carbon or hydrogen. Ex: CH3NH2 (methylamine),
CH3NHCH3 (dimethylamine)
Amino acid
an organic molecule that contains one carboxyl group bonded to a
primary/terminal carbon and at least one amine group bonded to
either a primary or secondary carbon.Condensation
polymerization
a chemical reaction that involves linking two molecules together by
eliminating a molecule of water
Dehydration synthesis (see condensation polymerization)
Esteran organic molecule containing a carboxyl group attached to a
secondary/interior carbon
Esterification
a dehydration synthesis reaction that joins an organic acid and
alcohol; a reaction that involves the removal of water to join an
organic acid and an alcohol
Etheran organic compound consisting of two hydrocarbon chains joined
together by a single oxygen atom
Fermentation
a chemical reaction that involves breaking down glucose (sugar) in
the absence of oxygen to produce ethanol, carbon dioxide, and
water
Functional groupa substructure that determines the chemical properties of a
molecule (Ex: carboxylic acid group)
Halide (halocarbon)an organic molecule containing one or more halogens (F, Cl,Br, I,
At)
Hydrocarbon an organic molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen
Isomermolecules that have the same molecular formula and different
structural formulas
Ketonean organic molecule with a carbonyl group attached to a
secondary/interior carbon
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7-2
Unit 7 Organic Chem
Term Definition
Monomer a single molecule or subunit
Organic acid/Carboxylic
acid
an organic molecule containing a carboxyl group bonded to a
primary/terminal carbon
Organic chemistry the study of molecules containing carbon AND hydrogen
Polymer two or more monomers/molecules/subunits chemically combined
Polymerizationthe joining together of monomer units by addition reactions or
dehydration synthesis to form polymers
Primarypositional description referring to a carbon at the end of a
hydrocarbon chain; terminal
Saponificationthe process of making soap from the hydrolysis of an ester by a
strong base (glycerol is also a byproduct)
Saturated hydrocarbonan alkane; a hydrocarbon containing all single bonds; a
hydrocarbon with no double or triple bonds
Secondarypositional description referring to an interior carbon that is bonded
to exactly two other carbons
Substitution rxnhalogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms on an alkane/saturated
hydrocarbon
Tertiarypositional description referring to an interior carbon that is bonded
to exactly three other carbons
Unsaturated hydrocarbonalkene or alkyne; an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least
one double and/or triple bond
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Page 1 of 2 7.1 W-1 Organic Chem.docx
Intro to Organic Chem
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Page 2 of 2 7.1 W-1 Organic Chem.docx
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Page 1 of 3 7.2 W-1 Hydrocarbon Review.docx
Hydrocarbon Review
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Page 2 of 3 7.2 W-1 Hydrocarbon Review.docx
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Page 1 of 4 7.3 W-1 Naming Hydrocarbions.docx
Naming Hydrocarbons
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Page 2 of 4 7.3 W-1 Naming Hydrocarbions.docx
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Page 1 of 2 7.4 w-1 Isomers.docx
Isomers
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Page 2 of 2 7.4 w-1 Isomers.docx
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Page 1 of 6 7.5 W-1 Functional Groups.docx
Functional Groups Halides
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Page 2 of 6 7.5 W-1 Functional Groups.docx
Alcohols
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Page 3 of 6 7.5 W-1 Functional Groups.docx
Ethers and Aldehydes
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Page 4 of 6 7.5 W-1 Functional Groups.docx
Ketones and Organic Acids
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Page 5 of 6 7.5 W-1 Functional Groups.docx
Esters and Amines
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Page 6 of 6 7.5 W-1 Functional Groups.docx
Amides and Amino Acids
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Page 1 of 2 7.5 W-2 Functional Group Practice.docx
Functional Group Practice
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Page 2 of 2 7.5 W-2 Functional Group Practice.docx
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Page 1 of 5 7.6 W-1 Organic Reactions.docx
Organic Reactions
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Page 2 of 5 7.6 W-1 Organic Reactions.docx
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Page 3 of 5 7.6 W-1 Organic Reactions.docx
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Page 4 of 5 7.6 W-1 Organic Reactions.docx
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Page 5 of 5 7.6 W-1 Organic Reactions.docx
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