Download - Unit 5: Animal Systems
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Unit 5: Animal Systems
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Objectives5.1 Define terms5.2 Identify careers in the Animal Systems
Pathway. (animal nutritionist, animal trainer, veterinarian)
5.3 Distinguish between categories of animals (beef, sheep, dairy, swine, goats, poultry, aquaculture, equine, wildlife, specialty animal, small animal) (AS.01.01.02.a)
5.4Discuss gender and age classification terminology of cattle, chickens, swine, sheep, goats and horses. (adult male, adult female, young female, castrated male and newborn) (AS.02.01.02.a)
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Objectives Cont.5.5 Classify breeds within livestock categories.
▫ Beef cattle: Angus, Brahman, Charolais, Hereford▫ Dairy cattle: Holstein▫ Meat sheep: Hampshire, Suffolk▫ Wool sheep: Rambouillet▫ Meat goat: Boer▫ Dairy goat: Nubian▫ Swine: Duroc, Yorkshire, Hampshire, Landrace
5.6 List products obtained from animal origins. (beef, pork, lamb, veal, poultry, mutton, milk, wool, eggs, fish)
5.7 Classify livestock by digestive systems. (Monogastric, ruminant)
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5.1 Define Terms1. Animal welfare -- line of thinking that
proposed that animals should be treated well and that their comfort and well-being should be considered in their production
2. Animal rights -- line of thinking that proposed that animals have the same rights as people
3. Breed -- group of animals having similar characteristics that are passed on to their offspring
4. Monogastric -- literally means "one stomach"; a simple stomached animal
5. Ruminant -- any animal having a multiple compartment stomach and being capable of digesting roughages
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Animal Nutritionist
•General Information:▫They study the absorption and effects
nutrients have on animal systems and finds ways to improve or manipulate the nutritive health of animals.
•Salary: $53,800 Annual Average•Educational Requirements: 4 year
degree•Suggested High School/Collegiate
Courses:▫Agriculture, math and computers. Masters
Degree preferred.
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Animal Trainer•General Information:
▫Animal Trainers teach animals, aquatic mammals, and birds to obey commands, to compete in races or shows or to perform tricks. May also teach seeing eye dogs or guard dogs.
•Salary: $25,950 Annual Average•Educational Requirements:
Vocational/Certificate•Suggested High School/Collegiate
Courses:▫Agriculture, speech, communications and
drama. Specialized training and certification
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Veterinarian•General Information:
▫Veterinarians are doctors who care for animals by diagnosing illnesses, treating ill and injured animals, vaccinating animals, and providing advice on care and breeding. Veterinarians also work in research, teaching, food safety, public health, and many
•Salary: $75,230 Annual Average•Educational Requirements: PhD•Suggested High School/Collegiate
Courses:▫Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Physiology,
Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry, Math
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Beef vs. Dairy
•Main purpose is to produce MEAT.
•Main purpose is to produce MILK.
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Sheep vs. Goats
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Match the Categories of AnimalsA.SwineB.PoultryC.AquacultureD.EquineE.WildlifeF.Specialty
AnimalG.Small Animal
__1. Pork__2. Example: Deer and
Ducks__3. Horses__4. Production of aquatic
plants and animals.__5. Chickens__6. Example of
producing rabbits or hamsters.
__7. Production of a specialized animal.
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How are common livestock and companion animals classified?
•Animals are classified by species, age, and sexual state. ▫It is important to use the
appropriate names when referring to animals.
•A. Age is a means of determining the difference between mature animals
and immature animals.•B. Sexual state is another way of
classifying animals.
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How are common livestock and companion animals classified?
•1. Male or female is one distinction.•2. Another is whether an animal is in its
natural sexual state or whether it has undergone sexual alteration known as neutering. ▫An animal is neutered to prevent it from
reproducing or to cause it to express desired traits.
▫For example, neutering may increase the rate of growth and the quality of meat.
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How are common livestock and companion animals classified?
▫Two types of neutering are castration and spaying. a. Castration is the removal or destruction
of the testicles of a male so it does not breed. b. Spaying is the removal of the ovaries or
the cutting of the fallopian tubes of a female so an egg cannot enter the uterus, where it may be fertilized and develop as an embryo and fetus.
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How are common livestock and companion animals classified?• The following are common names of
cattle.▫1. Adult male is a bull.▫2. Adult female is a cow.▫3. A young female is a heifer.▫4. A castrated male is a steer.▫5. A newborn is a calf.
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How are common livestock and companion animals classified?
•The following are common names of chickens.▫1. Adult male is a rooster.▫2. Adult female is a hen.▫3. A young female is a pullet. ▫4. A castrated male is a capon.▫5. A newborn is a chick.
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How are common livestock and companion animals classified?
•The following are common names of hogs/swine.▫1. Adult male is a boar.▫2. Adult female is a sow.▫3. A young female is a gilt.▫4. A castrated male is a barrow.▫5. A newborn is a pig or piglet.
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How are common livestock and companion animals classified?•The following are common names of
sheep.▫1. Adult male is a ram.▫2. Adult female is a ewe.▫3. A young female is a ewe lamb.▫4. A castrated male is a wether.▫5. A newborn is a lamb.
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How are common livestock and companion animals classified?•The following are common names of
goats.▫1. Adult male is a buck.▫2. Adult female is a doe.▫3. A young female is a doeling.▫4. A castrated male is a wether.▫5. A newborn is a kid.
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How are common livestock and companion animals classified?
•The following are common names of horses.▫1. Adult male is a stallion.▫2. Adult female is a mare.▫3. A young female is a filly.▫4. A castrated male is a gelding.▫5. A newborn is a foal.
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Adult Male
Adult Female
Young Female
Castrated Male
Newborn
Cattle Bovine
Bull Cow Heifer Steer Calf
Chickens Avian
Rooster Hen Pullet Capon Chick
Hogs Swine
Boar Sow Gilt Barrow Piglet
Sheep Ram Ewe Ewe Lamb Wether Lamb
Goats Buck Doe Doeling Wether Kid
Horses Equine
Stallion Mare Filly Gelding Foal
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Beef Cattle•Angus, Brahman, Charolais, Hereford
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Dairy cattle: Holstein
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Meat sheep
•Hampshire, Suffolk
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Wool sheep: Rambouillet
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Meat goat: Boer
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Dairy goat: Nubian
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Swine
•Duroc, Yorkshire, Hampshire, Landrace
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Breeds Project
•Your Group will create a PowerPoint for your assigned breed that includes:▫Title Slide with the Breed Name, Picture,
and everyone in your group.▫Picture of the Breed▫Origin▫Color▫Common Characteristics
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Black Angus
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Origin of the Black Angus
•They were developed from cattle native to the counties of Aberdeenshire and Angus in Scotland, and are known as Aberdeen Angus in most parts of the world.
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Color• They are naturally
polled (do not have horns) and solid black or red, although the udder may be white. There have always been both red and black individuals in the population, and in the USA they are regarded as two separate breeds - Red Angus and Black Angus.
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Common Characteristics
•Black Angus is the most popular beef breed of cattle in the United States, with 324,266 animals registered in 2005.
•They are also used as a genetic dehorner as the polled gene is passed on as a dominant trait.
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What are some ways animals provide foods for people?
•Animals provide many foods that people enjoy.
•These foods are high in nutrients and help people live healthy lives.
•Foods from animals primarily include meat, milk, and eggs.
•Some animals give more than one kind of food product. ▫For example, chickens provide both meat and
eggs.
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What are some ways animals provide foods for people?
•A. Meat may come from animals raised on farms or ranches, or it may come from wild animals. ▫A meat animal is an animal raised
especially for its meat. ▫Some animals raised for meat are cattle,
fish, turkeys, chickens, swine, and sheep.
▫Horses are used for meat in some countries.
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What are some ways animals provide foods for people?
▫Milk is primarily from cattle. ▫Cattle specially grown to produce
milk are called dairy cattle. ▫Goats and a few other animals
are sometimes milked. ▫Eggs are primarily from chickens. ▫A few other species may produce eggs for
human food, including guineas and ducks.▫Some people enjoy fish eggs, known as
caviar.
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What are some ways animals provide foods for people?•B. Wild animals used for food include
deer, rabbit, quail, and fish. ▫Wild animals are not classified as livestock. ▫They are known as game or wildlife. ▫Game is wildlife hunted for food or other
uses.
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What are some ways animals provide clothing for people?•Livestock provides fiber and skins for the
production of clothing. •Clothing is made from many different
animals’ byproducts.•A byproduct is a product made from the
parts of an animal that are not used for food.
•The demand for animal fibers for clothing is lower now than in the past because of the increased use of synthetic fibers for clothing.
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What are some ways animals provide clothing for people?•A. Some animals are raised specifically for
products used to make clothing. ▫Some of the most common are mink
raised for their fur and certain breeds of sheep raised primarily for their wool.
▫Although other animal fibers are decreasing in demand, the use of wool in the United States has been almost constant for the past decade.
▫A special quality cloth is made from mohair, a product of angora goats.
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What are some ways animals provide clothing for people?•B. Clothing may be made from animal skin (hide) or hair.
▫Bones, antlers, and other animal parts may also be used.
▫The prepared skin of an animal is known as leather. ▫Between 5 and 10 percent of the market
value of animals comes from the sale of hides.
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What are some other ways animals help people?•Some functions of livestock benefit all of
society. •Other functions are important mainly to
individual farms. •Taken together, the functions of livestock
are a vital part of the total agricultural industry of the nation.
•Besides providing food and clothing, animals help people in several other ways, such as:
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Livestock Products
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Name the Meat from each type of animal?
1. Cattle
2. Sheep
3. Pigs
4. Goats
Chevon
Pork
Beef/Veal
Mutton
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Name the Meat from each type of animal?
1. Beef Cattle
2. Sheep
3. Pigs
4. Goats
Chevon
Pork
Beef/Veal
Mutton
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Types of Digestive Systems
•RuminantCattle, Sheep, and Goats
•Non-ruminant▫Two Types MonogastricHogs and Chickens
Pseudo-ruminantHorses
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Ruminant Digestive System
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4 Compartments of the Ruminant Digestive System Rumen - large fermentation
vat; also called the "paunch" – anaerobic – Temperature = 39oC
(103oF) – saturated with gasses – constant motion
Reticulum – "honeycomb" – catches hardware
(ingested by animal) Omasum
– "manyplies" – full of folded tissue – water absorption
Abomasum – true stomach
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•Examples: Humans, Pigs, and Cats•Parts of Digestive System:
▫Mouth▫Esophagus▫Stomach▫Small Intestine▫Cecum▫Large Intestine
Non-ruminant/Monogastric
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Monogastric Pig Example
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Monogastric Poultry ExampleCrop
– feed storage and moistening
Proventriculus – glandular stomach (HCI
and gastric juices); enzymatic
Gizzard – muscular stomach;
mechanical breakdown Cloaca
– common chamber for GI and urinary tracts
Vent – common exit for GI and
urinary tracts
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Pseudo-ruminant Horse Example
▫In a pseudo-ruminant, such as a horse, feed is fermented and digested by bacterial action in the cecum.
▫Nutrient absorption also occurs in the cecum.
▫ In a non-ruminant animal, the cecum is extremely large and provides areas for microbial digestion of fiber.
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Review5.1 Define terms5.2 Identify careers in the Animal Systems
Pathway. (animal nutritionist, animal trainer, veterinarian)
5.3 Distinguish between categories of animals (beef, sheep, dairy, swine, goats, poultry, aquaculture, equine, wildlife, specialty animal, small animal) (AS.01.01.02.a)
5.4Discuss gender and age classification terminology of cattle, chickens, swine, sheep, goats and horses. (adult male, adult female, young female, castrated male and newborn) (AS.02.01.02.a)
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Review Cont.5.5 Classify breeds within livestock categories.
▫ Beef cattle: Angus, Brahman, Charolais, Hereford▫ Dairy cattle: Holstein▫ Meat sheep: Hampshire, Suffolk▫ Wool sheep: Rambouillet▫ Meat goat: Boer▫ Dairy goat: Nubian▫ Swine: Duroc, Yorkshire, Hampshire, Landrace
5.6 List products obtained from animal origins. (beef, pork, lamb, veal, poultry, mutton, milk, wool, eggs, fish)
5.7 Classify livestock by digestive systems. (Monogastric, ruminant)