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Slide 4-Slide 4-11
UNIT 4:UNIT 4:RESCUE, VENTILATION, RESCUE, VENTILATION,
SUPPORT, SUPPORT, AND OVERHAULAND OVERHAUL
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Slide 4-Slide 4-22
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
• Select appropriate ventilation tactics based on Select appropriate ventilation tactics based on identified ventilation principles and tactical identified ventilation principles and tactical considerations. considerations.
• Using the command sequence cycle, develop a Using the command sequence cycle, develop a ventilation action plan based on the incident ventilation action plan based on the incident presented.presented.
• Select appropriate rescue tactics based on Select appropriate rescue tactics based on identified rescue principles and tactical identified rescue principles and tactical considerations.considerations.
The students will:The students will:
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Slide 4-Slide 4-33
OBJECTIVES (cont'd)OBJECTIVES (cont'd)
• Using the command sequence cycle, develop a Using the command sequence cycle, develop a rescue action plan based on the incident rescue action plan based on the incident presented.presented.
• Understand the incident support activities that Understand the incident support activities that are necessary to promote safe fireground are necessary to promote safe fireground operations before, during, and after a fire.operations before, during, and after a fire.
• Understand the necessary safe practices that Understand the necessary safe practices that need to be implemented during overhaul need to be implemented during overhaul operations. operations.
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Slide 4-Slide 4-44
RESCUERESCUE
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RESCUERESCUE
Rescue is a systematic process used Rescue is a systematic process used to locate, protect, and remove to locate, protect, and remove occupants and fire victims safely occupants and fire victims safely from a structure and convey them from a structure and convey them to a place of safety.to a place of safety.
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Slide 4-Slide 4-66
RESCUE TACTICSRESCUE TACTICS
• Conduct primary searchConduct primary search
• Conduct secondary searchConduct secondary search
• Provide for rescued occupantsProvide for rescued occupants
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CONDUCT PRIMARY CONDUCT PRIMARY SEARCHSEARCH
• Rapid search of all areas involved in or Rapid search of all areas involved in or exposed to fire, if they can be entered, to verify exposed to fire, if they can be entered, to verify removal and/or safety of occupants.removal and/or safety of occupants.
• Key elements.Key elements.• Removal of victims.Removal of victims.• Transmit "ALL CLEAR."Transmit "ALL CLEAR."
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Slide 4-Slide 4-88
CONDUCT SECONDARY CONDUCT SECONDARY SEARCHSEARCH
• Extremely thorough search of interior fire Extremely thorough search of interior fire area after initial fire control, ventilation, and area after initial fire control, ventilation, and interior lighting are completed, to ensure interior lighting are completed, to ensure that there is no possibility of victims that there is no possibility of victims remaining undiscovered.remaining undiscovered.
• Key elements.Key elements.
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PROVIDE FOR RESCUED PROVIDE FOR RESCUED OCCUPANTSOCCUPANTS
• Victim removal pathsVictim removal paths• Move victims to triage areaMove victims to triage area• Treat victimsTreat victims• Transport victimsTransport victims• Provide for uninjured, displaced personsProvide for uninjured, displaced persons
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TACTICAL SIZEUP FOR TACTICAL SIZEUP FOR RESCUERESCUE
• Sizeup factorsSizeup factors– Stage of fire developmentStage of fire development– Number, location, and condition of victims; Number, location, and condition of victims; effect of fire on victimseffect of fire on victims– Capability of onscene companiesCapability of onscene companies
• Sizeup questionsSizeup questions
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Slide 4-Slide 4-1111
SUPPORT FOR RESCUE SUPPORT FOR RESCUE OPERATIONSOPERATIONS
• TimingTiming• Protective linesProtective lines• EntryEntry• VentilationVentilation• LadderingLaddering• Confinement/ExtinguishmentConfinement/Extinguishment
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Slide 4-Slide 4-1212
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RESCUE COORDINATION RESCUE COORDINATION ISSUESISSUES
• Teamwork, organization, and good Teamwork, organization, and good communication.communication.
• Rapid ventilation.Rapid ventilation.• Keep fire away from people and protect escape Keep fire away from people and protect escape
routes with hoselines. routes with hoselines. • Laddering to ventilate and advance protective Laddering to ventilate and advance protective
hoselines.hoselines.
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Slide 4-Slide 4-1414
Apparatus
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Slide 4-Slide 4-1515
RESCUERESCUE
Command Sequence # 4Command Sequence # 4
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Slide 4-Slide 4-1616
REVIEW REVIEW SIZEUP SIZEUP
REPORT REPORT OF FIREGROUND OF FIREGROUND
CONDITIONS CONDITIONS
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Slide 4-Slide 4-1717
SIZEUP SIZEUP REPORT OF FIREGROUND CONDITIONSREPORT OF FIREGROUND CONDITIONS• Initial reportInitial report
To be given immediately upon arrival on locationTo be given immediately upon arrival on location• Exact location and conditions as observedExact location and conditions as observed
– Nothing showingNothing showing– Size of structure--stories and dimension--type of construction--occupied or Size of structure--stories and dimension--type of construction--occupied or vacantvacant– Smoke/Fire--location and densitySmoke/Fire--location and density– Status of occupants--if knownStatus of occupants--if known– Exposures--Sides A, B, C, D, or otherExposures--Sides A, B, C, D, or other– Engine __ is establishing ___ Street Command.Engine __ is establishing ___ Street Command.
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Slide 4-Slide 4-1818
SIZEUP SIZEUP REPORT OF FIREGROUND CONDITIONS REPORT OF FIREGROUND CONDITIONS
(cont'd)(cont'd)
• Subsequent reportSubsequent reportInformation not immediately reported and/or Information not immediately reported and/or information developed upon investigation. To be information developed upon investigation. To be given ASAP or within 5 minutes.given ASAP or within 5 minutes.
• Progress reportProgress reportTo be given by the Incident Commander (IC) To be given by the Incident Commander (IC) every 10 minutes until fire is under control.every 10 minutes until fire is under control.
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Slide 4-Slide 4-1919
COMMAND COMMAND SEQUENCE RESCUE SEQUENCE RESCUE
ACTION PLANACTION PLAN
Command Sequence # 4Command Sequence # 4
450 C St.450 C St.
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Slide 4-Slide 4-2020
COMMAND COMMAND SEQUENCE # 4 SEQUENCE # 4
PLOT PLANPLOT PLAN
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Slide 4-Slide 4-2121
Walk-around 450 C StreetCommand
Sequence # 4
Three-story apartment building, 50'x 125'. Occupied.
Side ASide A
N
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Slide 4-Slide 4-2222
Side B
Side A
Sides A and B
Walk-around 450 C StreetCommand
Sequence # 4
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Slide 4-Slide 4-2323
Side B
Walk-around 450 C StreetCommand
Sequence # 4
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Slide 4-Slide 4-2424
Side C
Side B
Sides B and C
Walk-around 450 C StreetCommand
Sequence # 4
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Slide 4-Slide 4-2525
Side C
Side D
Sides C and D
Walk-around 450 C StreetCommand
Sequence # 4
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Slide 4-Slide 4-2626
Side A
Side D
Sides A and D
Walk-around 450 C StreetCommand
Sequence # 4
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Slide 4-Slide 4-2727
COMMAND SEQUENCE # 4COMMAND SEQUENCE # 41ST ALARM RESOURCES1ST ALARM RESOURCES
• Engine 1Engine 1• Engine 2Engine 2• Engine 3Engine 3• Truck 1Truck 1• Squad 1Squad 1• Battalion Chief 1Battalion Chief 1
– All companies staffed with four firefightersAll companies staffed with four firefighters– Battalion Chief 1: 30-minute responseBattalion Chief 1: 30-minute response
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Slide 4-Slide 4-2828
Fire is located first floor storage room, center building. Report of people trapped on upper floors.
Side A450 C Street
450 C StreetCommand
Sequence # 4
StorageRoom
Wednesday6AMWind 15 MPHOut of the West73ºF
N
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Slide 4-Slide 4-2929Parking
Side A450 C Street
Sid
e B
Sid
e D
Side C
N
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Slide 4-Slide 4-3030
WHAT IS THE SITUATIONWHAT IS THE SITUATION(SIZEUP)(SIZEUP)
• On location at 450 C Street, three-story brick On location at 450 C Street, three-story brick apartment building, 50' x 125', wood-frame apartment building, 50' x 125', wood-frame construction, occupied.construction, occupied.
• Medium to heavy smoke showing all floors.Medium to heavy smoke showing all floors.• Many occupants reported still in the building.Many occupants reported still in the building.• Exposure Side B is a similar attached apartment Exposure Side B is a similar attached apartment
building. building. • No other immediate exposures.No other immediate exposures.• Engine 1 is establishing C Street Command.Engine 1 is establishing C Street Command.
Sizeup report example:Sizeup report example:
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Slide 4-Slide 4-3131
RESCUERESCUEACTION PLANACTION PLAN
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Slide 4-Slide 4-3232
WHAT CAN BE WHAT CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED?ACCOMPLISHED?
INCIDENT OBJECTIVES INCIDENT OBJECTIVES
• Safe removal of occupantsSafe removal of occupants
• Contain and control fire to Contain and control fire to room/building of originroom/building of origin
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Slide 4-Slide 4-3333
WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE?WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE?INCIDENT STRATEGY(IES)INCIDENT STRATEGY(IES)
• RescueRescue
• Confinement/ExtinguishmentConfinement/Extinguishment
• VentilationVentilation
• Special equipmentSpecial equipment
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Slide 4-Slide 4-3434
HOW ARE YOU GOING TO DO IT?HOW ARE YOU GOING TO DO IT?INCIDENT TACTICSINCIDENT TACTICS
• RescueRescue
– Deploy search and rescue groups to remove occupants Deploy search and rescue groups to remove occupants – Deploy one 1-3/4-inch hoseline Side A first floor for Deploy one 1-3/4-inch hoseline Side A first floor for stairwell protectionstairwell protection
• Confinement/ExtinguishmentConfinement/Extinguishment
– Deploy 1-3/4-inch hoseline to Side A first floor for fire Deploy 1-3/4-inch hoseline to Side A first floor for fire confinement/extinguishmentconfinement/extinguishment– Deploy one 1-3/4-inch hoseline to Side C first floor for Deploy one 1-3/4-inch hoseline to Side C first floor for fire confinement/extinguishmentfire confinement/extinguishment
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Slide 4-Slide 4-3535
• VentilateVentilate– Ventilate stairwells to support occupant Ventilate stairwells to support occupant removalremoval– Vent roof aperturesVent roof apertures– Horizontal ventilation all floors for fire Horizontal ventilation all floors for fire confinementconfinement
• Special equipmentSpecial equipmentEmploy imaging camera to support search and Employ imaging camera to support search and rescue groupsrescue groups
HOW ARE YOU GOING TO DO IT?HOW ARE YOU GOING TO DO IT?INCIDENT TACTICS (cont'd)INCIDENT TACTICS (cont'd)
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Slide 4-Slide 4-3636
IMPLEMENT THE IMPLEMENT THE RESCUE ACTION PLANRESCUE ACTION PLAN
Communicate all assignments Communicate all assignments clearly to all resources operating on clearly to all resources operating on the incident.the incident.
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Slide 4-Slide 4-3737
EVALUATE THE EVALUATE THE RESCUE ACTION PLANRESCUE ACTION PLAN
• Evaluate progress every 10 minutes.Evaluate progress every 10 minutes.
• Obtain feedback reports from resources Obtain feedback reports from resources operating on the incident.operating on the incident.
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Slide 4-Slide 4-3838
Activity 4.1Activity 4.1Scenario 1Scenario 1
122 M Street122 M Street
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Slide 4-Slide 4-3939
Sides A and D
Side D
Walk-around 122 M StreetActivity 4.1Scenario 1
Side A122 M Street
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Slide 4-Slide 4-4040
Side B
Walk-around 122 M StreetActivity 4.1Scenario 1
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Slide 4-Slide 4-4141
Side CSide C
Walk-around 122 M StreetActivity 4.1Scenario 1
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Slide 4-Slide 4-4242
Exposure C-1Exposure C-1
Side CSide C
Walk-around 122 M StreetActivity 4.1Scenario 1
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Slide 4-Slide 4-4343
Side D
Exposure C-2
Walk-around 122 M StreetActivity 4.1Scenario 1
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Slide 4-Slide 4-4444
ACTIVITY 4.1 SCENARIO 1 ACTIVITY 4.1 SCENARIO 1 1ST ALARM RESOURCES1ST ALARM RESOURCES
• Engine 1Engine 1• Engine 2Engine 2• Engine 3Engine 3• Truck 1Truck 1• Squad 1Squad 1• Battalion Chief 1Battalion Chief 1
– All companies staffed with four firefightersAll companies staffed with four firefighters– Battalion Chief 1: 30-minute responseBattalion Chief 1: 30-minute response
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Slide 4-Slide 4-4545
Report of two occupants trapped third floor front bedroom Side C. Report of two occupants trapped third floor front bedroom Side C.
122 M StreetActivity 4.1Scenario 1
Side CSide C
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Slide 4-Slide 4-4646
N
Exposure C1 Exposure C2
ParkingSide A
Side B
Side C
Side D
122 M Street
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Slide 4-Slide 4-4747
LR
BR 1
BR 2
Ba K
45'
25'
Side A
Third Floor
Side B
Side C
Side D
122 M Street
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Slide 4-Slide 4-4848
Activity 4.1Activity 4.1Scenario 2Scenario 2
700 Block of 25th Street700 Block of 25th Street
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Slide 4-Slide 4-4949
Side A
25th Street
Walk-around700 Block 25th StreetActivity 4.1Scenario 2
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Slide 4-Slide 4-5050
Side ASide B
Sides A and B
Side B Side A
Walk-around700 Block 25th StreetActivity 4.1Scenario 2
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Slide 4-Slide 4-5151
Sides B and C
Side BSide C
Walk-around700 Block 25th StreetActivity 4.1Scenario 2
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Slide 4-Slide 4-5252
ACTIVITY 4.1 SCENARIO 2 ACTIVITY 4.1 SCENARIO 2 1ST ALARM RESOURCES1ST ALARM RESOURCES
• Engine 1Engine 1• Engine 2Engine 2• Engine 3Engine 3• Truck 1Truck 1• Squad 1Squad 1• Battalion Chief 1Battalion Chief 1
– All companies staffed with four firefightersAll companies staffed with four firefighters– Battalion Chief 1: 30-minute responseBattalion Chief 1: 30-minute response
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Slide 4-Slide 4-5353
Report of two occupants trapped 2nd floor front bedroom. Report of two children trapped 2nd floor rear bedroom. Report of an invalid 2nd floor front bedroom, B-1 exposure. No communications with occupants in exposure D-1.
Side A712 25th Street
Activity 4.1Scenario 2
25th Street
Exp. B-1 Exp.
D-1
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Slide 4-Slide 4-5454
First FloorFirst Floor7 Row houses7 Row houses
N
LRLR
KK DRDR
LRLR
KKDRDR
21'21'
45'
LRLR
KK DRDR
LRLR
KK DRDR
LRLR
KK DRDR
LRLR
KKDRDR
LRLR
KKDRDR
Side ASide A
712 25th Street712 25th Street
Side CSide C
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Slide 4-Slide 4-5555
Second FloorSecond Floor7 Row houses7 Row houses
BRBR
BrBr
BaBa
BRBR
BrBr
BaBa
NN
BRBR
BrBr
BaBa
BRBR
BrBr
BaBa
BRBR
BrBr
BaBa
BRBR
BrBr
BaBa
BRBR
BrBr
BaBa
Side ASide A
712 25th Street712 25th Street
Side C Side C
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Slide 4-Slide 4-5656
Activity 4.1Activity 4.1Scenario 3Scenario 3
356 E Street356 E Street
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Slide 4-Slide 4-5757
Side A356 E Street
Walk-around356 E Street Activity 4.1Scenario 3
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Slide 4-Slide 4-5858
Sides A and B
Side B
Side A
Walk-around356 E Street Activity 4.1Scenario 3
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Slide 4-Slide 4-5959
Sides B and C
Side C
Side B
Walk-around356 E Street Activity 4.1Scenario 3
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Slide 4-Slide 4-6060
Side D
Sides C and D
Side C
Walk-around356 E Street Activity 4.1Scenario 3
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Slide 4-Slide 4-6161
ACTIVITY 4.1 SCENARIO 3 ACTIVITY 4.1 SCENARIO 3 1ST ALARM RESOURCES1ST ALARM RESOURCES
• Engine 1Engine 1• Engine 2Engine 2• Engine 3Engine 3• Truck 1Truck 1• Squad 1Squad 1• Battalion Chief 1Battalion Chief 1
– All companies staffed with four firefightersAll companies staffed with four firefighters– Battalion Chief 1: 30-minute responseBattalion Chief 1: 30-minute response
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Slide 4-Slide 4-6262
Side A
Heavy fire second floor, side D. 14 occupants per floor. Report of many occupants unaccounted for.
356 E StreetActivity 4.1Scenario 3
Side D
Sides A and D
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Slide 4-Slide 4-6363
LobbyLobby
BalconyBalcony BalconyBalcony
Second FloorSecond Floor Third FloorThird Floor
First FloorFirst Floor
NN
Side A Side A
Side BSide B
Side CSide C
Side DSide D
356 E Street 356 E Street
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Slide 4-Slide 4-6464
VENTILATIONVENTILATION
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Slide 4-Slide 4-6565
VENTILATION (cont'd)VENTILATION (cont'd)
A planned, systematic procedure for A planned, systematic procedure for reducing, redirecting, or removing heat, reducing, redirecting, or removing heat, smoke, and fire gases from a structure smoke, and fire gases from a structure and replacing them with clean, fresh air.and replacing them with clean, fresh air.
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Slide 4-Slide 4-6666
VENTILATION PRINCIPLESVENTILATION PRINCIPLES
• Ventilation for life safetyVentilation for life safety• Ventilation for incident stabilizationVentilation for incident stabilization• Ventilation for property conservationVentilation for property conservation• Ventilation to support other tactical Ventilation to support other tactical
operationsoperations
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Slide 4-Slide 4-6767
ApparatusApparatus
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Slide 4-Slide 4-6868
DETERMINE WHERE DETERMINE WHERE VENTILATION IS NEEDED VENTILATION IS NEEDED
• Planned, systematic approachPlanned, systematic approach
• General location prioritiesGeneral location priorities
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Slide 4-Slide 4-6969
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Slide 4-Slide 4-7070
SELECT APPROPRIATE SELECT APPROPRIATE TACTICS(S)TACTICS(S)
• Horizontal ventilationHorizontal ventilation
• Vertical ventilationVertical ventilation
• A combinationA combination
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Slide 4-Slide 4-7171
VENTILATION METHODSVENTILATION METHODS
• Natural ventilationNatural ventilation
• Self-ventilationSelf-ventilation
• Forced (mechanical) ventilationForced (mechanical) ventilation
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Slide 4-Slide 4-7272
TYPES OF FORCED TYPES OF FORCED VENTILATIONVENTILATION
• Fog streamsFog streams• Building heating, ventilating, and air Building heating, ventilating, and air
conditioning (HVAC) systemconditioning (HVAC) system• Negative pressureNegative pressure• Positive pressurePositive pressure
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Slide 4-Slide 4-7373
Apparatus
Wind
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Slide 4-Slide 4-7474
SUPPORT FOR VENTILATIONSUPPORT FOR VENTILATION
• Proper apparatus placementProper apparatus placement
• Proper hoseline placementProper hoseline placement
• EntryEntry
• Selection and placement of laddersSelection and placement of ladders
• LightingLighting
• Breathing airBreathing air
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Slide 4-Slide 4-7575
VENTILATION HAZARDSVENTILATION HAZARDS
• Opening below fire or at same levelOpening below fire or at same level• Opening too soonOpening too soon• Opening in wrong placeOpening in wrong place• Opening into blind atticOpening into blind attic• Insufficient openingInsufficient opening• Delayed too longDelayed too long
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Slide 4-Slide 4-7676
WrongWay
RightWay
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Slide 4-Slide 4-7777
+ = More than Atmospheric Pressure = Less than Atmospheric Pressure-
++
-----
-
+++
+
++
+
+
--
-
-
-
-
+ + +
+1
2
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Slide 4-Slide 4-7878
--
--- -
-- -
Atmospheric Pressure
Outside Air
Hot ConvectionCurrents
4
3
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Slide 4-Slide 4-7979
VENTILATION COORDINATION VENTILATION COORDINATION ISSUESISSUES
• With rescue.With rescue.
• With entry and fire attack.With entry and fire attack.
• Hoselines should not hinder Hoselines should not hinder ventilation.ventilation.
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Slide 4-Slide 4-8080
RESCUE AND RESCUE AND VENTILATIONVENTILATION
Command Sequence # 5Command Sequence # 5
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Slide 4-Slide 4-8181
REVIEW REVIEW SIZEUP SIZEUP
REPORT OF REPORT OF FIREGROUND FIREGROUND CONDITIONS CONDITIONS
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Slide 4-Slide 4-8282
SIZEUP SIZEUP REPORT OF FIREGROUND REPORT OF FIREGROUND
CONDITIONSCONDITIONS• Initial reportInitial report
To be given immediately upon arrival on locationTo be given immediately upon arrival on location• Exact location and conditions as observedExact location and conditions as observed
– Nothing showingNothing showing– Size of structure--stories and dimensions-- type of construction--occupied or Size of structure--stories and dimensions-- type of construction--occupied or vacantvacant– Smoke/Fire--location and densitySmoke/Fire--location and density– Status of occupants--if knownStatus of occupants--if known– Exposures--Sides A, B, C, D, or otherExposures--Sides A, B, C, D, or other– Engine __ is establishing ___ Street Command.Engine __ is establishing ___ Street Command.
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Slide 4-Slide 4-8383
SIZEUP SIZEUP REPORT OF FIREGROUND CONDITIONS REPORT OF FIREGROUND CONDITIONS
(cont'd)(cont'd)
• Subsequent reportSubsequent reportInformation not immediately reported and/or Information not immediately reported and/or information developed upon investigation. To be information developed upon investigation. To be given ASAP or within 5 minutes.given ASAP or within 5 minutes.
• Progress reportProgress reportTo be given by the IC every 10 minutes until fire is To be given by the IC every 10 minutes until fire is under control.under control.
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Slide 4-Slide 4-8484
COMMAND SEQUENCE COMMAND SEQUENCE RESCUE RESCUE
VENTILATIONVENTILATIONACTION PLANACTION PLAN
Command Sequence # 5Command Sequence # 5
346 30th Street346 30th Street
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Slide 4-Slide 4-8585
COMMAND COMMAND SEQUENCE # 5SEQUENCE # 5
PLOT PLANPLOT PLAN
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Slide 4-Slide 4-8686
Burns Nursing Home, one-story, 75' X 250', ordinary construction. Occupied.
Walk-around 346 30th Street
Command Sequence # 5
Side A346 30th Street
N
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Slide 4-Slide 4-8787
Walk-around 346 30th Street
Command Sequence # 5
Side A
Burns Nursing Home
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Slide 4-Slide 4-8888
Walk-around 346 30th Street
Command Sequence # 5
Side A
Burns Nursing Home
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Slide 4-Slide 4-8989
Walk-around 346 30th Street
Command Sequence # 5
Side B
Burns Nursing Home
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Slide 4-Slide 4-9090
Side B and CWalk-around 346 30th Street
Command Sequence # 5
Side BSide C
Burns Nursing Home