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Unit 3 Table of Contents: The 13 Colonies
Item/Description1. Bellwork2. Notes: The Beginning of the 13 Colonies3. Roanoke Theory Handout4. Notes: Jamestown5. Indentured Servant Contract6. 13 Colonies Map7. Jamestown Handouts8. Notes: New England Colonies 9. The Mayflower Compact Handout10. Notes: Middle Colonies11. Middle Colonies Handout
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Item/Description12. Notes: Southern Colonies13. Southern Colonies Video Facts14. Notes: The Carolina Colony15. The Second Carolina Charter Handout16. Notes: Colonial Government17. Fundamental Constitution of Carolina 18. Notes: Changing to a Royal Colony19. Royal Government Chart and Questions20. Notes: The Regulator Movement21. SC Townships Map22. Regulator Movement Poster
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The Beginning of the 13 Colonies
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England’s First Attempt at Settlement Queen Elizabeth
I…the “Virgin Queen”
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Sends Sir Walter Raleigh to create settlement in the New World
Roanoke-”The Lost Colony”
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Roanoke-”The Lost Colony”
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A New King Following Queen
Elizabeth I’s death, she is succeeded on the throne by James I
James I is very interested in expanding his empire
Eager to create colonies in the New World
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Problem… James I does not want
the government to pay for the colonies
He encourages private businesses to create colonies
Ex: The London Company-this was a joint stock company
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Jamestown
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Jamestown Started in 1607 (Virginia) Got off to a slow start Many Problems: shortages of food,
disease, weather issues, poor water/swampy location, too many gentleman, not enough workers, etc.
Nearly failed John Smith, Native Americans,
(Pocahontas)
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The Headright System The London Company begins the
Headright System Every “head” you brought to the colony,
you received a certain amount of land Encouraged large farms or plantations
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Cash Crop Tobacco (John Rolfe: milder version) King James at first discouraged tobacco-
“the stinking weed” Later, he saw the tax benefits and
encouraged the growth of tobacco
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Indentured Servants Tobacco increases
demand for labor This leads to
indentured servants A person who signs a
contract agreeing to work for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the New World
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African Slaves Indentured Servants cannot provide
enough labor to satisfy the demands of the tobacco plantations
Need a new source of labor Started to import African slaves
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Bellwork Monday 9/15/14How did Captain John Smith save the Jamestown settlement?
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House of Burgesses London Company encourages the
establishment of the House of Burgesses in 1619
Designed to give the settlers a voice in the governance of the colony
Although not completely democratic, this assembly kept the English political traditions established with the Magna Carta
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House of Burgesses
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Magna Carta The Great Charter One of the first documents to protect
the rights of freed individuals Forced the king to obey laws and to
consult others before raising taxes
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The Virginia Colony Jamestown grew into the colony of
Virginia and established the pattern for the southern colonies
Cash crops, big farms or plantations, lots of labor (slaves), entirely agricultural
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The New England Colonies
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The New England Colonies Founded for religious reasons mostly by
groups persecuted in England Puritans, Separatists, Pilgrims (all the
same people) land at Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts (1620)
Mayflower Compact: American democracy, the idea that people formed the government
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The New England ColoniesMap goes on p. 10
Label and color the map
On the bottom, explain what the geography was like, why they were settled and how they made money (the overall region…not the individual colonies)
Both handouts go on p. 10
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The Pilgrims Survive Received help from the Native
Americans A much larger group of Puritans landed
at Massachusetts Bay The Pilgrims established a democratic
form of government
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The Pilgrims
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Pilgrim’s Government All male church members could vote Town Meetings and General Assemblies
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Pilgrim’s Way of Life The Pilgrims harvested lumber, built
ships, engaged in trade and in manufacturing
They established schools (kids-Bible) People who didn’t agree were exiled
(Dissenters) The ideas of the Pilgrims spread across
New England
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New England Colonies…Bottom Line Religious Similarity, Thriving Economy
based on Trade and a Democratic Government
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The Middle Colonies
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The Middle Colonies At the bottom of the
map, explain why the Middle Colonies were called the “Bread Basket Region”
Also, explain why the Middle Colonies differed religiously from the New England region
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The Middle Colonies “The Bread Colonies” Diverse origins of settlers (Dutch: New York,
Swedes: Delaware, Quakers: Pennsylvania) Pennsylvania: William Penn granted land from
King for payment of debt. Penn had the rights of a proprietor and could name the governor
Pennsylvania had a representative assembly as did the other colonies in the region (Middle Colonies)
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MMMMM…..Bread!
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Good relations with Native Americans Promoted religious tolerance…more so
than the strict New England colonies
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Bottom Line….The Middle Colonies Bread colonies (grow food crops and
raise animals), greatest diversity of people and religions
Some skilled craftsman and some trade
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The Southern Colonies
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The Southern Colonies Entirely agricultural Large slave population Small number of wealthy landowners
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Wednesday 9/24/14Why did the southern colonies choose agriculture as their primary source of income?
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The Carolina Colony
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The Carolina Colony Founded as a proprietary colony King Charles II granted land to 8
proprietors in payment of a debt (just like with Pennsylvania)
Proprietors hope to make a profit by charging quitrents
Hired John Locke to write the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina
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Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina Includes policy for religious toleration-to
attract settlers Included a policy for a social class
system based on land ownership…this policy was never carried out but showed a difference between the southern and New England colonies which emphasized equality
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The Headright System Every “head” you brought to the colony,
you received a certain amount of land More people= More land Led to the establishment of large
plantations with cash crops
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First Settlers in Carolina British from Barbados Brought a well-developed slave system
with them Settlers from other European nations
(France, Switzerland, Germany, Scotland and Ireland) were at the settlement
Diverse religious backgrounds (Protestants, Huguenots, Jewish)
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Government At first the Lords Proprietors controlled the
government through a governor and a grand council
Grand Council = Representatives of the Proprietors + Carolina Elite + Representatives of the Common People of the Colony
Just as with the other colonies, Carolina had some degree of democracy from the beginning
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Take out a blank sheet of paper and number 1-13
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Label the 13 colonies on a sheet of paper
This will count as a quiz grade!
Extra Credit: List the colonies that belong in the southern, middle and new England colonies
#1
#13
#11
#12
#10
#9
#8#7
#6
#5
#4
#3
#2
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Colonial Government
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8-1.6: Colonial Government SC starts as a proprietary colony Proprietors in charge, represented by a
governor
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In order to attract more settlers, the proprietors started to share some of their power with property owners
A political elite developed The more land you own = the power you
got The most powerful people in SC were
the large landowners (Plantations)
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The Grand Council
Made laws (including tax laws) for the colony
Bicameral (two houses) assembly…most English colonies had this
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The Proprietors and the elite had more representation (power) in government than the common people
The Grand Council decided that a majority of each group (the Proprietors, Elite and Common People) should have an equal say in the government
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Problem….. Each group did not represent a
proportional amount of the population Ex: Very few plantation owners but they
have just as much power as the other groups
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Another Problem….. Lowcountry representation was much
greater than that of the Backcountry In order to represent the common
people, the Grand Council established the Commons House of Assembly
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Changing to a Royal Colony
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A Royal Colony Controlled by the King (wants control of
the colonies) The King appointed a governor to
represent him Most colonies eventually became Royal
colonies The King revoked their charters
(Proprietors, Joint Stock Companies, etc. )
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SC became a royal colony at the invitation of the colonists
Too many problems with the Proprietors Considered Proprietors to be “absentee
landlords” (wanted rent but offered no protection)
Proprietors considered SC to be disobedient and not making enough money
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The king was able to reach a financial agreement with the Proprietors and SC became a royal colony
The colony was split into two: North and South Carolina
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Royal Colony Government The king appointed a governor to run SC However, SC continued to have a self
government through their representative assembly
This limited the royal governor’s power because they assembly controlled the taxes and paid the governor’s salary
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Economic Advantages of a Royal Colony English government offered increased
subsidies for naval stores Allowed merchants to sell rice directly to
foreign countries Established townships in the
backcountry to encourage migration
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After the quiz….. Read p. 41-51 I am checking the following: p. 21 and p.
26 in your notebook (Barbados Connection and FCC w/Cooper reading)
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The Regulator Movement
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The Backcountry of SC More immigrants began moving to the
backcountry of SC (Scotch Irish and Germans)
Population in the backcountry began to outnumber the population in the lowcountry
Despite having a large population, the backcountry still had less representation in the Assembly than the lowcountry
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The Regulator Movement During the mid 1700s, horse thieves and
criminals began moving to the backcountry There was no courts, jails or law
enforcement of any kind (received no help from the gov’t…remember controlled by the lowcountry!)
Settlers in the backcountry began to take the law into their own hands…The Regulator Movement
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The Regulator Movement was a vigilante group
Eventually it grew out of hand and the gov’t of SC stepped in
They established courts, districts and law enforcement to help police the area
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SC Townships Map This will go on p. 33 in your notebook Copy and label the map found on p. 51
in your textbook
Regulator Assignment This will go on p. 34 in your notebook Read and answer the questions using p.
64-66