Download - Unit 3 notes
UNIT 3 NOTES
Alien and sedition act- Alien act- allowed govt to arrest, detain
and remove foreigners deemed untrustworthy
Sedition act- limited free speech and expression
Helped federalist because republicans relied on immigrant vote
Adams appoints midnight Judges. Congress repealed judiciary act of 1801
which did away with Adams Midnight judges( Federalist)
Marbury Vs. Madison- established Judicial Review
Western Expansion Jefferson believed only way republic could
survived if people owned their own land. 1803 Napoleon(leader of France)
needing money to pay for war to take over Europe
He sold Louisiana for 15 million Called Louisiana purchase This doubled the size of the U.S. Thomas Jefferson president during
purchase
Louisiana purchase
North West Ordnance
1787- Congress passed the North West ordinance- established a set of principles and procedures for statehood, applied first to states carved out of the Northwest territory. Guaranteed civil liberties, established
guidelines for statehood, encouraged education, and banned slavery for entire region.
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark along with Sacagawea- explored Louisiana purchase and claimed Oregon territory
Lewis and Clark’s Route to the west
Britain started using impressments to get more troops. This help start the war of 1812Kidnapping American solders.
War of 1812 Madison’s War
Battle of Tippecanoe shattered native American confidence in their leaders.
British fleet land in Washington DC. And set the white house and capital on fire.
Battle of New Orleans- Andrew Jaskson’s decisive victory over the British made him a hero.
Because of war : Nationalism emerged-loyalty and devotion to a nation
and we got the star spangled banner Treaty of Ghent – ended the war
Chapter 7 Let the GOOD Times Roll
The Monroe presidency was called the Era of Good Feelings
Economic Nationalism- John C Calhoun got the second national bank
started After war cheap British goods flooded U.S. Protective tariff- tax
Judicial Nationalism Between 1816 and 1824 John Marshall-
ruled in three cases that established the power of the Fed. Govt
1. Matin V. Hunter’s lessee- helped establish the supreme court as the nation’s court of final appeal
2. McCulloch V. Maryland- Second bank was constiutional because necessary and proper
3. Gibbons V Ogden- constitution granted the federal govt control over interstate commerce. All trade along coast and waterways dividing
states. What is interstate commerce
Nationalist Diplomacy Nationalism in the United States
influences the nation to expand its borders and assert itself in world affairs.
1800’s southern mad at Spanish held Florida? Slaves run away Andrew Jackson seized Spanish settlements in
Fl and removed Gov. of Florida.
Adams-onis treaty – Spain ceded all of Fl. To the U.S. and finalized the western border of the Louisiana purchase
Monroe Doctrine- the U.S. would prevent other countries from interfering in Latin American political affairs. Told all European countries to stay out of
the western hemisphere.
Chapter 7-2 Moving West
Steamboat 1807 Steam locomotive establishing Railroad
reaching Mississippi River.
Erie Canal Opened in 1825- Connecting lake Erie to the west with the Hudson River to the east.
Canals and Railroads helped products move west and farmers products to move east.
Because of the Erie Canal and other transportation advances -New York – became America central point for American trade and banking
Industrial revolution Industrial revolution began in
England 1700’s Industrialization-involved a
transition from manual to power driven factory labor.
Workers in factories did not do skilled jobs
Plantation owners in the south turned to cotton
Eli Whitney received a patent for the cotton gin. Separated the seed from
cotton. The effect was:increased
slavery
Industrialization started to happen in the United States around 1800. Driven by the textile industry New England had textile miles and the south
supplied them and England with cotton Cotton production and the growing textile
industry helped the u.s. get its economic independence.
Steam powered engines was used to help industrialization in the country.Eli Whitney used interchangeable parts (muskets) and invented the cotton gin
Samuel F.B. morse- perfected the telegraph in 1832
Industrialization caused people to move out of rural farms and villages? Where did they go??
People were in search of factory jobs with higher wages.
Southern Economy Cotton, tobacco, rice, and sugarcane Cotton gin made planters rich.
Europe wants more cotton than ever Slaves tripled South did not industrialize like north.
Labor Unions- trying to improve working conditions
Strikes- not going to work What begins to happen to family farm? North industry South farming
Society in the South Class structure developed in South
Top plantation owners- dominated the regions economy and political and legal system
Yeoman farmers- ordinary farmers who usually worked the land themselves(made up most of the white population in south)
Rural poor- hunted fished, and gardened, and raised own croups.
Slaves- made up the bottom of southern society
Slavery Two labor systems
Task system- was used on small farms and plantations. Had to finish certain task each day
Gang system- enslaved person put in gangs from sunup to sundown
Fredrick Douglass- became head of the antislavery movement
Nat turner- an enslaved minister who believed that God chose him to free his people. Led a slave revolt and followers killed 50
white people Slave codes became tighter because of
this revolt
Missouri compromise- admitting maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state Banned slavery in all land with in the
Louisiana purchase lying above the 36 30 N parallel. With the exception of Missouri.
Election of 1824- candidates Henry Clay – John Quincy Adams- Andrew Jackson- heroism Jackson’s supports accused adams and
clay of a corrupt bargain.
Jackson’s supporters took the name Democratic-republicans- later known as what?
Adam’s party- national republicans
Election of 1828 John Quincy adams and Andrew Jackson Campaigned turned into mudslinging Jackson won the elcetion
Jacksonian Democracy Jacksonian democracy refers to presidency of
Andrew Jackson He expanded the power of federal government Encouraged people from all social classes to vote Universial white male suffarage Indian removal act- gave funds to relocate Indians He defied supreme court decision to not remove the
Cherokee from Ga. (Worcester v. GA) Spoil system- political supports rewarded with jobs
Jacksonian Democracy Thousands of Natives died on a force
removal what was known as trail of tears.
Trail of tears
Nullification Crisis South Carolina threatened to secede from
union over tariffs and states rights John C. Calhoun- argued that southern
states had the right to nullify any law if it wasn’t in their best interest Cotton still dependent- divided country. Monroe doctrine direction America's foreign
policy.
Chatper 8 section 1
Jackson ends the second national bank of the United states. Hurting western farmers
Whigs emerged from the former national republican party
Whigs –wanted to expand the nation govt.
Jackson- Democrats ( no expansion.) 1836 election Van Buren wins election
What party is he from?
Panic of 1837- Thousands of farms foreclosed and
employment soared. Whigs won the 1840 election Harrison won the
election Died 32 days later and Tyler became
president.
8-2 New Immigration Massive influx of immigrants
between 1815-1860. Religious and political reason 2 million came from Ireland.
Potato Famine in 1845 Settled in North east and worked as unskilled
Germans settled in Midwest started on farms and businesses
Nativism- hostility towards foreigners among many Americans appeared.
Anti-catholic sentiments towards catholic immigrants led to rise of nativist groups.
Delegates formed the american party. When members questioned they answered
they know nothing. As a result the party was nicknamed the
Know nothings.
Second great awakening- this movement promoted the belief that all people could attain grace by readmitting God and Christ into their lives
New denominations- Joseph smith- founded Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-day saints Mormons- moved to Illinois from New
England. Brigham Young- moved the Mormons to
Utah.
Reform Spirit Mid 1800’s – reform society Dorothea Dix worked for improved
treatment of the mentally ill Lyman Beecher established the
benevolent societies- at first started to spread God’s message later to combat social problems
What is the major cause of crime and poverty.
Reformers advocated temperance or moderation in consumption of alcohol called temperance.
Improving prison conditions. States build penitentiaries. Rehabilitation
Horace Mann- focused on education reform. He is responsible for the education system we know today Pushed public education and backed a states
board of education in Mass.
Education reformers generally had men in mind
1850’s educational opportunities started for women. Emma Willard- founded a girls’ boarding
school that taught academics subjects. Mary Lyon- founded 1st institution of higher
education for women only.
Early Women’s Movement In the 1800’s men worked and women
took care of the home. Most people believed this was the proper
place for a women? Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady
Stanton - organized the Seneca Falls Convention- focused on equal rights for women and marked the beginning of the women’s movement.
Early Opposition to slavery People opposed slavery but in different
way. 1.Gradualism- gradual end to slavery 2. American Colonization Society- charted
ships and bought land in what is known as Liberia. Took free African Americans to Africa.
3. Abolitionist- wanted to free African Americans immediately.
William Lloyd Garrison- founded the Liberator- antislavery newspaper that advocated emancipation.
Free African Americans- Frederick Douglass- published the north starr.
Response to abolition Northerners even those who disapproved of
slavery- opposed extreme abolition Threat to social system Destroy southern economy/affect their own
Southerners- viewed slavery essential to their economy.
Because of the Revolt of Nat turner- southerners refused to deliver abolitionist material
Grimke’ sisters spoke out against slavery (abolitionist )
9-1 West John Louis O’Sullivan declared the
movement west was Manifest destiny- the idea that God had given the continent to Americans and wanted them to settle western lands Coast to coast
John Deere designed a plow with sharp edge steel blade.
1834 Cyrus McCormick planted the mechanical reaper.
Pic of manifest destiny
Texas Goes To war Texas and Mexico in a dispute.
Wanted to allow immigration Decrease imports Texas is part of what country?
Stephen Austin got Santa Anna to lift the immigration ban and other demands
Sam Houston was in control of texas army
Battle at the alamo Alamo- is where 180 Texans held off
Santa Anna's army for 13 days. Texas govt. declared independence
from mexico At the battle of San Jacinto- Sam
Houston defeated Santa Anna troops, captured him and made him sign a treaty recognizing Texas.
1836- Sam Houston was elected president of republic of texas.
President John Tyler wanted to bring texas into the union.
Why was the controversial?
Texas and Oregon enter the union
Congress voted against annexation of texas.
James K. Polk- he promised to annex Texas and Oregon territory and buy California from Mexico
Britain and united states spilt the Oregon territory. U.S. got it south of 49 degree north latitude. ‘
Tyler annexed texas before polk took office
Mexico split ties with U.S.
Mexican-American War 1846-1848
Mexico refused to discuss the U.S. purchase of California.
Polk Sent Zachary Taylor to cross the Nueces River.
Polk declared war on mexico Taylor’s army defeated santa anna and his
army John C. Fre’mont took over California
from Mexican presence Called it the bear flag republic U.S. took over 2 weeks later
Mexico city was captured and the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed.
Mexico ceded 500,000 square miles of land to us. California Utah, Nevada, new Mexico and
Arizona, parts of Colorado and Wyoming U.S. pay 15 million and take over 3.5 in
mexican debt This completed manifest destiny.