Download - UNEP-ETB Launch Meeting Integrated Assessment of Trade Related Policies Geneva July 15 2005
UNEP-ETB Launch MeetingIntegrated Assessment of Trade Related Policies
Geneva July 15 2005
agricultural biodiversity
indicators and assessment
methods
A synopsis of selected FAO work on
Context: FAO Work on Agricultural Biodiversity
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome
1. CGRFA supported FAO’s lead role on agricultural biodiversity indicators
2. International Treaty on PGRFA: conservation & sustainable use of PGRFA, fair & equitable sharing of benefits
-maintaining diverse farming system
-increasing availability of genetic diversity
-promoting local and locally adapted crops
- supporting diversity on farm
Context: FAO Work on Agricultural Biodiversity
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome
FAO invited by Executive Secretary of CBD to:• Support development of PoW AgBD (COP V/5)
ongoing and planned assessments of different components of ag. biodiversity
• Develop indicators to monitor and assess status and trends of ag. biodiversity (COP V/5; VI/5)
• Facilitate stakeholder consultation for targets for global strategy for plant conservation (COP VI/9)
• Identify & develop appropriate indicators for progress towards 2010 target. (COP VII/30)
Examples : FAO work on indicators Thematic Background Study for the preparation of the Second State of
the World's Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Indicators of genetic diversity, genetic erosion, genetic vulnerability)
Development of indicators for monitoring the progress of the Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
Preparation of the First State of the Worlds Animal Genetic Resources
Indicators for sustainable development of marine capture fisheries
Criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management
Using Markets to Promote the Sustainable Utilization of Crop Genetic
Diversity: Assessing the impacts of diversity in the
seed supply system on agricultural diversity and farm welfare
Research questions:
How to measure crop genetic diversity in the seed supply system?
What is the relationship between diversity in the supply system and on farm diversity and welfare?
What are the key determinants of diversity in the supply system?
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome
EX SITU GENE BANKS
International Public Ag. R& D Institutes
International Private Ag. R&D and seed
companies
NARS Variety development evaluation & release
FO
RM
AL
SY
ST
EM
DETERMINANT OF PERFORMANCE?
INF
OR
MA
L S
YS
TE
M
NON-COMMERCIAL SEED SECTOR NGOs; Emergency seed
COMMERCIAL SEED SECTOR Extension packages; NGOs; State Seed
Suppliers; Brokers
LOCAL MARKET: FORMAL & INFORMAL
Demand: farmers purchasing seed or grain for seed with cashSupply: Local production, commercial traders, brokers, petty traders, state authoritiesPERFORMANCE MEASURES: PRICES, QUANTITIES, COSTS, DIVERSITY
IMPACT ON LIVELIHOOD DIVERSITY
DETERMINANT OF PERFORMANCE?
FARM
FARM
FARMFARM
FARM
FARM
NON MARKET INFORMAL: informal farmer to farmer exchange; NGOs
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome
1. Level of diversity
2. Information
3. Costs
Local Market Measures of:
Availability (supply)
Welfare:Wealth, Diet, Resilience
On farm diversity
utilization
Demand
Farm HH characteristics
Private values: Diversity of genetic “services” provided Dietary and farm consumption Risk management Agricultural Productivity
Public values: Pest and disease resistance Preservation of evolutionary process Preservation of knowledge
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome
Assessing the impact of diversity in supply on private and public on-farm values
Measuring crop genetic diversity: Issues
Translating across scales – market to farm
Temporal vs. spatial diversity Capturing both private and public
values Attributes Agro-morphological characteristics Molecular
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome
Assessing policy impact: link to UNEP-ETB work
Agricultural input and output market policies Seed sector regulations Emergency seed relief Commercialization – “supermarkets” Trade?
Qualitative and quantitative assessment Sample design Time series Both ex ante and ex post
1. Level of diversity
2. Information
3. Costs
Changes in Local Market Measures of:
Availability
Change in:quantities
breedsinformation
costs
Policy/Intervention
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome
Planned Outputs Methodology development
Measuring CG diversity & access in seed supply system
Assessment of impact of diversity in supply system on farm outcomes
Assessment of policy on diversity access
Case studies Mali: sorghum, millet, maize Kenya: sorghum, pigeonpea, maize India: sorghum, millet, Mexico: maize Bolivia: potatoes Mozambique: tobacco, maize
Planned Outputs
Cross-country database on markets, genetic diversity and household welfare
Policy-makers’ guide: managing markets for the sustainable utilization of plant genetic resources
Training and capacity building
UNEP-ETB Launch MeetingIntegrated Assessment of Trade Related Policies
Geneva July 15 2005
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