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Understanding Coping in Context
Chapter 8
Fall 20101
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Demo: Think of a stressful event
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What was the event?
What made the event stressful?
What did you do?
How did it affect you?
Are you different as a result?
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Stress
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relationship between person & environment that is appraised by person as taxing or exceeding his/her resources & endangering his/her well-being
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Effects of
Stress on
Individual
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Relationships
Setting Cultures
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Figure 8.1 pg. 2446
Panel A
Distal contextual
factors (risk &
protection)
Panel B
Distal personal factors (risk &
protection)
Panel C Panel D Panel E Panel F
Panel G
Panel H
Outcomes
Potential relationships among ecological levels, coping
processes, & interventions
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Risk Factors
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Aspects of person/environment that increase chances of a bad outcome
Contextual factors:
Personal factors:
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Protective Factors
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Aspects of person/environment that lessen the chances that the person will have a bad outcome
Contextual:
Personal:
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Stressors
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Events in environment or in body that make an emotional or task demand on the individual
Task-Oriented:
Emotion-Related:
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Strain
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The response to stress manifested in the person(e.g., depression or disease);
Outcome or consequences of stresses
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Appraisal
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Cognitive Appraisal The process by which individuals assess their particular
circumstances
2 Types1. Primary Appraisal: Does the situation require
coping?
2. Secondary Appraisal: How do I cope?
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Figure 8.1 pg. 24412
Panel A
Distal contextual
factors (risk &
protection)
Panel B
Distal personal factors (risk &
protection)
Panel C
ProximalStressor
Panel D
StressReactions
Panel E
ResourcesActivated for
coping
Panel F
CopingProcesses
Panel G
Panel H
Outcomes
Potential relationships among ecological levels, coping
processes, & interventions
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Figure 8.1 pg. 24413
Panel A
Distal contextual
factors (risk &
protection)
Panel B
Distal personal factors (risk &
protection)
Panel C
ProximalStressor
Panel D
StressReactions
Panel E
ResourcesActivated for
coping
Panel F
CopingProcesses
Panel G
Panel H
Outcomes
Potential relationships among ecological levels, coping
processes, & interventions
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Coping
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employed to reduce the strain associated with stressors (i.e., a means of stress resistance)
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Types of Coping Strategies
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1. Acting to manage situation responsible for the stressor; changing the situation
2. Manage meaning of the situation in ways that reduce threat
3. Manage outcomes of stressors, with outcomes being anxiety or other distress
4. Acting to preclude or forestall surfacing of stressors, a preventive strategy
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That which does not kill us makes us stronger.
- Friedrich Nietzsche
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What happens when you don’t learn to cope with the situation?
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Figure 8.1 pg. 24418
Panel A
Distal contextual
factors (risk &
protection)
Panel B
Distal personal factors (risk &
protection)
Panel C
ProximalStressor
Panel D
StressReactions
Panel E
ResourcesActivated for
coping
Panel F
CopingProcesses
Panel G
Resilience,Wellness,Thriving,
empowerment
Panel H
Distress,Dysfunction,
Clinicaldisorders
Outcomes
Potential relationships among ecological levels, coping
processes, & interventions
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Social Support: Environmental Resource for Coping
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What is Social Support?
social interactions or relationships that provide individuals with actual assistance
Settings that provide love, caring, or a sense of attachment to a valued social group or dyad
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Figure 8.1 pg. 24420
Panel A
Distal contextual
factors (risk &
protection)
Panel B
Distal personal factors (risk &
protection)
Panel C
ProximalStressor
Panel D
StressReactions
Panel E
ResourcesActivated for
coping
Panel F
CopingProcesses
Panel G
Resilience,Wellness,Thriving,
empowerment
Panel H
Distress,Dysfunction,
Clinicaldisorders
Outcomes
Social/policy advocacy, consultation, alternative
settings, community coalitions
Prevention & promotion
interventions
Crisis intervention, resource collaboration,
case management
Clinical Treatment
Potential relationships among ecological levels, coping
processes, & interventions
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2 Social Support Hypotheses
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1. Direct Effect
2. Stress-buffering
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(1) Direct Effect Hypothesis
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Social Support has equivalent positive impact on well-being under both high & low stress conditions
Social support is always good
High Stress
Social Support
Better OutcomeLow Stress
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Stress-Buffering Hypothesis
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High Stress
Social Support
Better Outcome
Low Stress Outcome
Social Support
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Downside of Social Support
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All relationships have costs & benefits
Examples: relatives with chronic illness Social Support from high risk
group
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Conclusion
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Coping processes emphasize cultural, social, & institutional contexts
Risk & protective factors important as individual & environmental influences
Persons activate resources to cope with stress
Interventions can come at different levels of ecological environment