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Advanced Imaging Sensors Uncooled Infrared
Three Dimensional Imaging
DARPA Tech ‘99
Advanced Imaging Sensors Uncooled Infrared
Three Dimensional Imaging
DARPA Tech ‘99
Raymond BalcerakMicrosystems Technology Office
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Imaging SystemsDoD Requirements
• Long Range Targeting• Target Identification• Precision Strike• Damage Assessment• Sensor Matched to the Vehicle
– Robotics– Micro-air Vehicles
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Need forPrecision Targeting
Wide Area Search
Rapid Target Selection
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Advanced ImagingSensors
Objectives:• Transform Most of IR Imaging
from Cooled to Uncooled
• Add Precision Targeting– Short Wave IR– 3-D Imaging
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Why Uncooled IR?
• 20 x Power Reduction• 10 x to 100 x Size Reduction• 10 x Cost Reduction
Cryogenic Sensor Uncooled Flat Pack
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Uncooled IR Applications
Current Emerging Future
Rifle Sight Missile Seeker Target Acq.
Micro SensorUnattendedViewer
Performance1X
3-10X
20-70X
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Uncooled IR Payoff
• Targeting Through theMissile
–15 lbs. Weight Savings• 7x Cost Reduction
Missile Seeker U-Sensor
• Low Weight– 5-50 Grams
• Sensors for NovelApplications
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Current Uncooled Detector
Electronic Read-out(low noise amplifier)
(high density unit cell)
Support Arms(thermal signal loss)
(micro-structure support)
IR Material(optical absorption)(one-over-ƒ noise)
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• Ideal Thermal Isolation• Optical Absorption in Thin Layer• Thermal Time Constant• Non-Contact Read-out• Electronic Compensation• Array Technology
Thermal DetectorChallenges
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Ideal Thermal DeviceConcept
Thermal Sensitive Pixel
Deflection Proportioned to IR Radiation
Optical Read-out BeamSubstrate
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Uncooled IRCamera System
Electronic Temperature Compensation Approach
DSP
Processor/Display
TemperatureCoefficients Library
Uncooled FPATempData Offset
CompensationVideo
CorrectedVideo
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Signal Processing• Temperature Compensation
—Milli-Degree Accuracy—Coefficient Library
l Large Dynamic Range—On-Chip Correction/Anti-Blooming—Local Contrast Enhancement—Linearity Over Scene Temperatures
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Precision Targeting
• Adds Pixels on Target• Aspect Invariant• Wave Length Flexibility
Laser
3-D Sensor
3-D Imaging:
• Camouflage Penetration• Minimum Platform
Stabilization
Single Pulse
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3-D TechnologyChallenges
• SWIR Detection withInternal Gain
• High Quantum Efficiency• High Speed (Gigahertz)
Imaging Sampling• Low Noise Pre-amp.• Output Format (A/Ds)• Gain/Bias Control Feedback
DetectorProcessing
Read-out
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High Speed Deviceswith Gain-concepts
Grown StructureWafer Fusion
Bonding
Gain
SensingContact
Contact
AbsorptionGraded Layer
Avalanche
Si
InGaAs
Separate Gain & Sensing Regions
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Summary• Uncooled IR Dramatically Expands
Applications
• Ten Times Performance IncreaseNecessary for Uncooled IR
• Precision Targeting with Unique 3-DImaging Devices