Download - UN Peacekeeping & Human Trafficking
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UN Peacekeeping & Human Trafficking
Maria Hamdouchi & Annalise McGrail
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HypothesisIntervention by UN peacekeeping troops in a country decreases subsequent levels of human trafficking
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Background: UN Controversy• Suspected violation
o 1992-94- Mozambique (UNOMOZ)o 1990s- Bosnia, Kosovo, Cambodia, Somalia
• The UN respondso 2003- zero tolerance policy
o “Sexual exploitation and sexual abuse violate universally recognized international legal norms and standards and have always been unacceptable behavior and prohibited conduct for United Nations staff. Such conduct is prohibited by the United Nations Staff Regulations and Rules.”
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Did it work?
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Background: UN Controversy• Effectiveness?
o 2005- Prince Zeid Ra’ad reporto →2008-resolution A/RES/62/214
o United Nations Comprehensive Strategy on Assistance and Support to Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by United Nations Staff and Related Personnel
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TheoryUnited Nations Peacekeeping missions increase forced prostitution related human trafficking in a country
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Theory: Push vs. Pull Factors
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Theory: Pull Factors● GDP per capita (ln)● Language fractionalization● Information flows
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Methodology: DataIndependent variable→ UN mission
Dependent variable→ destination for forced prostitution
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Methodology: DataDependent variable• Dichotomous indicator based on a
significant level of trafficking• Significant= 100 or more reported
casesWhy?
● Exact human trafficking levels are unknown
● Observe trends rather than exact inflows
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Methodology: Process● Two-part model
○ Logistic regression○ Conditional logistic regression
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Evidence:Table A: Relationship between trafficking and presence of UN Missions
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Concluding RemarksHypothesis: Intervention by UN peacekeeping troops in a country decreases subsequent levels of human trafficking
Background: Isolated cases of human trafficking due to UN personnel
Methodology: x→ UN peacekeeping intervention y→ internal forced prostitution
Results: Intervention decreases subsequent levels of human trafficking within three years
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Thank you for your time.Questions?