![Page 1: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
U. SAIDI
2013
Academic Referencing
HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM
![Page 2: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
By the end of this lecture you should be able to
Identify information used in referencing.Carry out intext referencing using Harvard
styleDraw up a typical reference list (endtext)
using Harvard.
OBJECTIVES
![Page 3: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
A system which allows academics to acknowledge sources used in coming up with an academic write-up.
Reasons1. To avoid plagiarism2. To authenticate one’s work3. To allow reader/marker to verify or trace
where one has taken his/her information from
4. To demonstrate academic maturity and professionalism
Definition
![Page 4: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Intext referencingthis is citation within the body of the essay.
i. Realised as either paraphrasing (presenting a scholar’s idea in your own words—makes up 80% of the intext referencing (Sinfield and Burns, 2004)
ii. Or as a direct quotation (presenting scholarly ideas, points verbatim). Direct quotations are presented in quotation marks “ ” or ‘ ’ for short (1-3 lines) quotations. And Indented (Indention/indentation –where justified space if left on both margins when directly quoting a long quotation 3+ lines)
Forms of academic referencing
![Page 5: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
EndtextThe list of references at the end of the essay. It should reflect all referenced sources as used in the essay. This is a comprehensive list contain full details of a source.Details of an authentic sourceNames of authors ( Surnames and Initials)Year of publication (of that particular copy)Titles (Book, article, album, show,
documentary…)Publisher (e.g. Mambo Press, Jongwe
Printers)Place/City of publication (Harare, Gweru)Websites (for online sources)Dates (in case of newspapers)Volumes, Issue Number, (journals, magazines)
![Page 6: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Book Title (BT)
Key
Et. al (and other scholars)
Year of Publication (Yr)
Surname (Sur)
Place of Publication (Place/City)
Title of Article (TT)
Volume (Vol.)
Initial (I)
![Page 7: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
When we are paraphrasing?
What does Harvard say?
A source by ONE authorSur (Yr) (Arrow representing information presented)e.g. Moyo (2010) argues that…
A source by TWO authorsSur and Sur (Yr) e.g. Moyo and Hunzvi (2010) disagree by saying…
A source by THREE authorsSur, Sur and Sur (Yr) e.g. Clark, Moyo and Hunzvi (2010) disagree by saying…
![Page 8: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
A source by ONE editorSur (ed.) (Yr) e.g. Moyo (ed.) (2000) argues that…
EDITED SOURCES
A source by THREE/FOUR + authorsSur et al. (Yr) e.g. Moyo et al. (2013) argue that…
A source by TWO editorsSur and Sur (eds.) (Yr) e.g. Moyo and Ncube (eds.) (2001) argues that…
A source by THREE editorsSur, Sur and Sur (eds.) (Yr) e.g. Moyo, Ncube and Sur (eds.) (2001) argues that…
![Page 9: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
A source by THREE/FOUR + editorsSur et al. (eds.) (Yr) e.g. Clark et al. (eds.) (2001) argue that…
![Page 10: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
When direct quoting
A source by ONE authorSur (Yr:10) “ ” or indented.e.g. Moyo (2010:10) argues that…A source by TWO authorsSur and Sur (Yr:18) “ ”e.g. Moyo and Hunzvi (2010:18) disagree by saying…
A source by THREE authorsSur, Sur and Sur (Yr:87) “ ”e.g. Clark, Moyo and Hunzvi (2010:87) disagree by saying…
![Page 11: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
By factoring PAGE NUMBERS in the Yr. bracket separated by colon [:] (where information is presented with quotation marks or indented) allows you to account for direct quotations.
Nothing changes for edited sources; factor PAGE NUMBERS.
NB
![Page 12: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ANY QUESTIONS?
![Page 13: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Harvard Calls its endtext REFERENCE LIST
ENDTEXT
RULES TO BE FOLLOWED WHEN DRAWING UP A REFERENCE LIST
1. Sources should be presented on a fresh page
2. Do not NUMBER Sources instead arrange them in alphabetical order
3. All sources cited in the INTEXT should make a re-comeback.
4. Be Neat
![Page 14: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sur, I., Sur, I. and Sur, I. (Yr) BT, Place: Publisher.Moyo, P., Neyo, K. and Zuzu, D. (2010) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press.
REFERENCE LIST
Sur, I. and Sur, I. (Yr) BT, Place: Publisher.Moyo, P. and Clark, C. (2010) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press.
Sur, I. (Yr) BT, Place: Publisher.Moyo, P. (2010) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press.
Sur, I. et al. (Yr) BT, Place: Publisher.Moyo, P. et al. (2010) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press.
![Page 15: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sur, I., Sur, I. and Sur, I. (eds.)(Yr) BT, Place: Publisher.Moyo, P., Neyo, K. and Zuzu, D. (eds.) (2010) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press.
Sur, I. and Sur, I. (eds.) (Yr) BT, Place: Publisher.Moyo, P. and Clark, C. (eds.) (2010) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press.
Sur, I. (ed.) (Yr) BT, Place: Publisher.Moyo, P. (ed.)(2010) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press.
Sur, I. (Yr) ‘TT’ in Sur, I. (ed.) BT, Place: Publisher.Moyo, P. 2010) ‘Computers’ in Dube, K. (ed.) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press.
Edited books
Sur, I. et al. (eds.)(Yr) BT, Place: Publisher.Moyo, P. et al. (eds.)(2010) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press.
![Page 16: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Sur, I., Sur, I. and Sur, I. (Yr) ‘TT’, Journal Name Vol. No., Place: Publisher.Moyo, P., Neyo, K. and Zuzu, D. (2010) ‘My Information’, Journal of Computers Vol.7. No.5, Gweru: Mambo Press.
Articles (From Journals, Newspapers etc
Sur, I. and Sur, I. (Yr) ‘TT’, Name of Newspaper, DatesMoyo, P. and Clark, C. (2010) ‘My Information’, The Herald, 8 March 2013.
Sur, I. (Yr) ‘TT’, Journal Name Vol. No., Place: Publisher.Moyo, P. (2010) ‘My Information’, Journal of Information Vol.6. No. 8, Gweru: Mambo Press.
Sur, I. et al. (Yr) ‘TT’, Name of Magazine Volume Number: Publisher.Moyo, P. et al. (2010) ‘My Information’, Parade Issue 6 No. 8, Gweru: Mambo Press.
![Page 17: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Sur, I., Sur, I. and Sur, I. (Yr) ‘TT’, [Online] Journal Name Vol. No., Web Moyo, P., Neyo, K. and Zuzu, D. (2010) ‘My Information’, [Online] Journal of Computers 7(5) Available at www.sagepub.com Accessed on 3 February 2013.
ONLINE SOURCES
Sur, I. and Sur, I. (Yr) ‘TT’,[Online] Name of Newspaper, Dates, Web add, Date Accessed.Moyo, P. and Clark, C. (2010) ‘My Information’, [Online] The Herald, 8 March 2013, Available at www.theherald.co.zw Accessed on 7 March 2013.
Sur, I. (Yr) ‘TT’, [online] Journal Name Vol. No., Web address, date accessed.Moyo, P. (2010) ‘My Information’, [online] Journal of Information 6 (8) Available at www.sagepub.com Accessed on 8 March 2013.
Sur, I. (Yr) ‘TT’, [online] Journal Name Vol. No., doi.Moyo, P. (2010) ‘My Information’, [online] Journal of Information 6 (8) doi: 10.1177/1538192712441798.
![Page 18: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ANY QUESTIONS?
![Page 19: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
TaskDraw up a TYPICAL reference list of the following sources using a reference system recommended in your area of study. (Indicate which reference system you have used). Patrick, Redman, book, Good Essay Writing. Published by Sage in the British Capital, 2006.
[2] Reverend Edgar Keen edited a book called Natural Language. Published in 1988 by CUP, Cambridge.
[2] Prof. John Smith’s chapter called ‘One Hundred’ which appeared in Wil Jones’ edited book called Information about health. It is a brown book published by Oxford UP in Oxford whose address is 24356 Baker Street, Oxford.
[2] Mr. Gabriel Wringe’s article ‘How Students Fail’ appeared in the RELC JOURNAL Vol. 6. No. 8. Pages 120 to 230.
[2]
![Page 20: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
We are to carry referencing USING APA (American Psychological Association) and (MLA) Modern Languages Association )
Please research in advance.
NEXT LECTURE
![Page 21: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Go into the library and look for the following sources1. A book by one author2. A book by four authors3. A book edited by two scholars4. A journal article by two scholars5. A newspaper article by one author6. A newsletter article by one author7. One online source8. A dissertation 9. A television programme 10. A song Q: DRAW UP A REFERENCE LIST USING HARVARD
HOMEWORK
![Page 22: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Have you signed today’s register?
NB
![Page 23: U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. By the end of this lecture you should be able to IIdentify information used in referencing. CCarry out intext](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db55503460f94aa656a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Until next time
Welcome to Varsity & Happy studying