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Types of Government
Unit 1 Notes Continued
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Types of Government
• Major Types of Government:• -Types of govt. are based on the question
“Who governs the state?”• 1. Autocracy- Power and authority to rule are
in the hands of a single individual.• -The oldest and most common form of
government.
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Types of Government
• -Maintain power through ruthless use of military and police power.
• *One form of autocracy is totalitarian dictatorship. The single idea of a single leader or groups of leaders are glorified. The government seeks to control all aspect of government, political, and social life.
• Ex. The Nazis
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Types of Government
• *Another form of autocracy is a monarch. A king or queen exercise supreme powers of government.
• -An Absolute monarch has unlimited power to rule the people.
• Ex. Saudi Arabia• *Constitutional Monarchy has the power
being shared with elected legislatures. EX. England
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Types of Government
• 2.Oligarchy- system of govt. where a small group holds the power. Gains their power from wealth, military, power, and social position.
• Ex. China• -Such governments attempt to give the
appearance of control by people through elections. However there may only be one candidate.
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Types of Government
• 3.Democracy-System of govt. in which rule is by the people.
• -We are considered a democracy because our constitution puts the power in the hands of the people.
• -Key idea people hold sovereign power.• -Practiced where the population is too large
to meet in one place.
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Types of Government
• *One form is a republic-where voters hold the power by electing representatives who are responsible to the people and exercise power.
• -The U.S. is considered a representative democracy because the people are the ultimate source of power.
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Characteristics of Democracy• Characteristics of Democracy• Individual Liberty- People are to be as free as possible
to develop their own success.• Majority Rule w/ Minority Rights-• -In a democracy the majority rule.• -People usually accept the decision b/c the majority
rule in free elections.• -Representative Democracy- laws enacted in the
legislature represent the will of the people. Since officials are elected by the people laws are accepted by the people.
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Characteristics of Democracy
• Free Elections- Democracies are legitimate because they receive conscent from the governed.
• -All democracies have free and open elections.• Principles of Free Elections:• 1.One person one vote-everyone’s vote carries the
same weight.• 2.All candidates get to express ideas giving voters
access to competing ideas.• 3.Citizens are free to help support candidates or
support issues.
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Characteristics of Democracy• 4.Legal requirements for voting (age, race, etc)
are kept to a minimum.• 5.Citizens may vote freely in secret ballots
without concern of punishment.• Competing Political Parties:• Political Party- A group of individuals with
common interests who organize to nominate officials for elected office.
• -Rival parties keep elections meaningful b/c voters have a choice in candidates.
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Soil of Democracy
• The Soil of Democracy• Active Citizen participation- citizens are able to
inform themselves of the issues. Democracies are stronger in places where the citizens participate.
• A Favorable Economy- Democracy is more effective in places where there is not a large gap in wealth and has a strong middle class.
• -The power to control your own money provides a base for making your individual political decisions. In the U.S. this is called free enterprise.
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Soil of Democracy• -Democracies with a strong economy are able to create a
stable government.• Wide Spread Education- Democracy is more likely to
succeed in countries with an educated public.• Strong Civil Society- a complex network of voluntary
associations, economic groups, religious organizations, etc. These groups are independent of the government. Ex. Human Society and Red Cross.
• -This makes the public aware of issues and provides a means for citizens to protect their rights.
• A Social Consensus- Where most people accept democratic values such as individual liberty and equality for all.