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Types of government
Politics and Law
2A
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Types of Government
• There are two broad categories:
• Liberal democratic
AND
• Traditional/authority based (Non-democratic)
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Democratic government
• Two types-
• Direct- All citizens are leaders, involved in decisions and often chosen by lot. Examples- Ancient Athens
• In-direct- Vote for representatives to make decisions. Examples- Australia, UK, USA
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Democratic government
• Free and fair elections
• Representative parliaments
• Accountable executives
• Open participation
• Just and equitable legal system
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Democratic government
• Leader- limited power, right to rule comes from the people as they are chosen and removed by them.
• People- Individuals are citizens, with human rights(ie/ legal, political and social).
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Democratic government
• The Law-basic principle of the rule of law, law is supreme and there is formal equality before the law. (pg469).
• Communication and change-open and society is dynamic.
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Non-democratic government
• The leader- Unlimited power, not accountable to anyone. Right to rule based on- physical power, birth or religious authority.
• The people- Individuals are subjects, position in society decided by birth not merit, limited human rights.
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Non- democratic government
• The law- Law is at the will of the leader. Different laws for the rulers, they were above the law.
• Communication and change- information controlled, and society static.
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Examples
• Absolute monarch- power based on hereditary right. Saudia Arabia, Monaco (most countries used this system before democracy)
• Aristocracy- power is held by an elite section of society. Pre-revolution France
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Examples
• Oligarchy-modern term for aristocracy, often generals and the wealthy, ie South America and Burma.
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Examples- Dictatorships/ Autocratic
• Negative connotations- allows no opposition and rule is unfair/unequal.
• Two types- Authoritarian-ie Zimbabwe’s Mugabe
• Totalitarian systems- want control on all aspects of life. Ie- Nazi Germany, Soviet Russia, current North Korea.
• Read pgs 22/ 23 together.