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Types of Government
Chapter 1 Section 3
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AristotleThree types of Government
• Autocracy: rule by one person
• Oligarchy: rule by a few people
• Democracy: rule by many
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Autocracy
• Totalitarian Dictatorship: Ideas of a single rule are glorified. Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin.
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Monarchy
• King, Queen, emperor exercise supreme powers of the government. Ex(King Abdulla of Saudi Arabia.
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Constitutional Monarchy
• Monarchs that share governmental powers with elected legislatures, serve main as ceremonial leaders.
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Oligarchy
• Small group holds power. Wealth, military power and social position often are reasons for their position.
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Democracy
• Any system of government in which rule is by the people
• From the Greek word “demos” meaning people and “kratia” meaning rule.
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Direct Democracy
• Only in small towns now. No countries have this any more. Used in ancient Greece.
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Representative Democracy
• “Indirect” democracy.
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Characteristics of Democracy
• Individual Liberty
• Majority rule with Minority Rights
• Free Elections
• Competing Political Parties
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Individual Liberty
• Not totally free, but allowed to do as one wishes without infringing on others.
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Majority rule
• Still protect minorities rights.
• Endo v. United States
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Endo v. US
• Got rid of detention centers due to prejudice. (Japanese Americans WWII)
• US paid $20,000 to those who had relocated in 1988.
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Free Election
• “One person-one vote”
• Candidates can express views freely in order for people to make their decision.
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Competing Political Parties
• Political Party: group of people with broad common interests who organize and nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy.
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“Soil of Democracy”
• Most places democracy fails.
• Must have certain things within an environment.
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Active Citizen Participation
• Citizens must be informed and active for democracy to work.
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A Favorable Economy
• “Free enterprise” means people can control their economic decisions. Keeps them informed and interested.
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Widespread Education
• Educated citizens so they can read, be informed, and make responsible decisions.
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Strong Civil society
• A huge network of voluntary associations, economic groups, religious groups etc.
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Social Consensus
• Have basic outlines of values that everyone agrees with and follows.
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Economic Theories
• Chapter 1 Section 4
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Economics
• The study of human efforts to satisfy seemingly unlimited wants through the use of limited resources.
• Study of production and consumption of goods.
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Economics
• The study of human efforts to satisfy seemingly unlimited wants through the use of limited resources.
• Study of production and consumption of goods.
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Resources
• Land, water, minerals and trees
• Skills, knowledge and physical capabilities
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Role of Economic Sources• Three Big Decisions governments have to
make.
• 1) what and how much should be produced
• 2) how goods and services should be produced
• 3) who gets the goods and services that are produced
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Three major economies
• Capitalism
• Socialism
• Communism
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CAPITALISM
1) Private ownership and control of property and economic resources
2) Free enterprise
3)Competition among businesses
4) Freedom of choice
5)Possibility of profits
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Free Market
• Buyers and sellers were free to make unlimited economic decisions.
• People could work for economic gain.
• Wealth should be used aggressively.
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Adam Smith
• Scottish philosopher who wrote The Wealth of Nations.
• Laissez-faireQuickTime™ and a
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Laissez Faire
• “to let alone”
• Limited government role
• Hands off except ensuring free competition
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Competition
• Supply and Demand
• Free competition
• Buyers and Sellers control the market.
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Example
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Mixed-Market Economy
• America is not full-blown capitalist.
• Free enterprise is combined with and supported by government decisions in the marketplace.
• Free, fair, and protecting public interest.
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Socialism
• Government owns the basic means of production.
• Determines the use of resources
• Distributes the products and wages
• Provides social services such as education, health care and welfare
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Three main goals1) Distribute wealth and economic
opportunity equally among people.
2) Control of major decisions about production through society/government
3) Public ownership of most land, factories and other means of production.
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Democratic Socialism
• People have basic human rights and some control of government officials through free elections
• Government control production
• Tanzania, Denmark, Norway, Sweden.
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Communism
• Karl Marx The Communist Manifesto
• Class struggle: Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat
• “Workers of the World Unite!”
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Command Economy
• Decisions are made in upper-levels of government and handed down to managers.
• State owns and controls everything: media, land, industry, natural resources, transportation.
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China
• Government controls births, housing, industry.
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