Download - Types of Faults and Folds
Types of Faults and Folds
Types of Faults and Folds• Faults: when rocks break due to force.
– Normal FaultCaused by tension (pulling apart)
– Reverse FaultCaused by compression (pushing together)
– Strike-Slip FaultCaused by shear (lateral) forces (sideways)
• Folds: when rocks bend due to force.– Anticline
Caused by compressionFolded up like an "A"
– Syncline Caused by compression Folded down like a "U" - Monocline
- Caused by compression, a gently dipping bend.
Stress and Strain
• Stress is the applied force (The pushing and pulling on the rock layers).
• Strain is the bending & twisting that happens to the rock also known as deformation.
3 Types of Stress
• Compressional stress pushes matter (rock layers) together.
• Tensional stress pulls matter (rock and dirt layers) apart.
• Shear stress is rotational. The stress is parallel to a face of the material
Normal Fault Before After
Reverse FaultBefore After
Strike-Slip Fault Before After
FoldsAnticline
Syncline
Monocline