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Types of chemical reactions
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What is a chemical reaction?Recall…A chemical reaction: A process in which newsubstances with new properties are formed
The original substances present are called REACTANTS.
Reactants undergo a chemical change in a chemical
reaction.
The new substances formed in a chemical reaction arecalled PRODUCTS
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Chemical ReactionsFive Types of Chemical Reactions:
5. Combustion
2. Decomposition
3. Single Displacement
4. Double Displacement
1. Synthesis
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Evidence that a chemical reaction has taken place?
Color/Odor Change
Difficult to reverse
Release/Absorption of Energy (heat)
Formation of a gas or solid
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1. Synthesis Reactions
Combination of two or more simple substances combining to form one more complex substance.
General Form: A + B AB
+
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Mg(s) + O2(g) 22
Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide
C(s) + O2(g)
S(s) + O2(g)
Synthesis Reactions:
Other Examples
MgO
CO2(g)
SO2(g)
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PracticePredict the products.
Na(s) + Cl2(g)
Mg(s) + F2(g)
Al(s) + F2(g)
NaCl(s)
MgF2(s)
AlF3(s)
22
2 3 2
• Now, balance them.
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2. Decomposition Reactions
Breaking down large, complex molecules or ionic compounds into smaller, simpler entities.
General Form: AB A + B
+
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Ex. Decomposition Reaction
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Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide
2 2
Predict the products.
Fe2O3(s)
NaCl(s)
CaF2(s)
H2O2(l)O2(g) + H2O(l)
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3. Single Displacement
Reaction of an element with a compound that produces a new element and new compound.
A + BC AC + B
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3. Single DisplacementExample: Zn + CuCl2
ZnClClCu +
General: AB + C AC + B
ClClZn Cu+
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Single Displacement of Zinc and Chlorine
Zn(s) + HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)2
Zinc chloride and hydrogen gas
form in this single displacement
reaction
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Ex. Single Replacement Reaction
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Single Replacement Reactions
Write and balance the following single replacement reaction equation:
• K(s) + HCl(aq)
• NaCl(s) + F2(g)
• Al(s)+ Cu(NO3)2(aq)
2
Cu(s)+ Al(NO3)3(aq)232
2NaF(s) + Cl2(g)
3
KCl(s) + H2(g)2 22
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Examples2KBr (aq) + Cl2 (aq)
CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s)
Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq)
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4. Double Displacement
Reaction of two compounds, where the positiveand negative ions in their respective compounds switch places to form two new compounds. This can only happen with ionic compounds
AB + CD AD + CB
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Double Displacement
A double displacement reaction only occurs if one of the following three results are seen:
a precipitate is formed (check solubility rules)
a gas is produced
a change of pH occurs (a neutralization reaction)
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4. Double displacement
Example: MgO + CaS
General: AB + CD AD + CB
SO
Mg Ca+
OS
Mg Ca+
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Double Replacement ReactionsThink about it like “foil”ing in algebra, first and last ions go together + inside ions go together
Example 1
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(s) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
2
Example 2
K2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) KNO3(aq) + BaSO4(s)
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Double Displacement Reaction
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Predict the products of the following Double Displacement Reactions
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + KI(aq) 22
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)
Ni(NO3)2 (aq) + NaOH(aq)2
PbI2(s) + KNO3(aq)
AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
Ni(OH) 2(s) + NaNO3(aq)
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Practice
1. HCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq)
2. CaCl2(aq) + Na3PO4(aq)
3. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + BaCl2(aq)
4. FeCl3(aq) + NaOH(aq)
5. H2SO4(aq) + NaOH(aq)
6. KOH(aq) + CuSO4(aq)
Predict the products:
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More commonly known as burning
5. Combustion Reactions
Easily identified (release of heat)
Heat Fuel
For combustion 3 things need to be present:
Oxygen
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5. Combustion Reactions
Sulphur (in gasoline):
S(s) + O2(g) SO2(g) + Heat
2 H2(l) + O2(l) 2 H2O(g) + Heat
Rocket Fuel:
Hydrocarbons (Eg: methane):CH4(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O (g)
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Mixed PracticeState the type of the following reactions & predict the products.
1. BaCl2 + H2SO4
2. C6H12 + O2
3. Zn + CuSO4
4. Cs + Br2
5. FeCO3