Download - Two-Lift Paving - Environmental Performance
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Environmental benefitsof two-lift pavementA quantitative perspective based on life cycle assessment (LCA)
Joep MeijerPresident of theRightenvironment
In collaboration with the CP Tech Center
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Topics
1. What is LCA?2. Our experience3. Two-lift case4. What’s next
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Life cycle assessment (LCA)
LCA is a powerful tool for assessing the environmental performance of products, services or scenarios
It is based on material and energy flows for processes and materials that together form a life cycle
Resource A
Resource B
Production Assembly
Use
Maintenance
Recycling
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Life cycle assessment (LCA)
We use world-leading software and databases and apply ISO standards
- ISO 14041 Goal and Scope Definition- ISO 14042 Inventory Analysis- ISO 14043 Interpretation- ISO 14044 Guidelines and principles- ISO 14025 Type III environmental declarations
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Goal and Scope
Functional unit: what is to be assessed in terms of:- Amount- Unit- Functions- Requirements- Geographical considerations- Timeframe
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Inventory
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Impact Assessment
A range of impact categories• global warming (CO2-eq)• depletion of non-renewables (Sb-eq)• depletion of the ozone layer (CFC-11-eq)• Acidification (SO2-eq)• Eutrophication (PO4
3--eq)• Summersmog (Ethylene-eq)• aquatic ecotoxicity (CTUea)• terrrestrial ecotoxicity (CTUet)• human toxicity (CUTh)• Energy (MJ)• non-hazardous waste (kg)• hazardous waste (kg)• …
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Impact AssessmentThe result is an Environmental profile
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
InterpretationMajor contributions give options for improvements
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Two-lift Kansas
Comparison of:1. Traditional2. Two-lift3. Optimized two-lift
Together with Tom Van Dam, APTechGary Fick, Trinity Construction ManagementPeter Taylor, CP Tech Center
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Two-lift Kansas
Functional unit
The material acquisition and construction of 1 km of a two lane highway with a total width of 7.4 m according to KDOT requirements in Kansas
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Two-lift Kansas 3.7 m 3.7 m
Conventional concrete with a thickness of 340 mm
150 mm Cement Treated Base
Traditional
3.7 m 3.7 m
Tie bar: deformed No. 5 reinforcing bar (Grade 30), 915 mm long, spaced every 760 mm across the longitudinal contraction joint, formed by saw cutting D/3
Lower-lift of concrete with a thickness of 300 mm
150 mm Cement Treated Base
Top-lift of concrete with a thickness of 40
Two-lift
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
System boundaries
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Two-lift Kansas
Key differences
1. Traditional• Primary aggregate from OK for PCC• Portland cement
2. Two-lift (same plus)• CTB secondary aggregates on-site crusher• Part fly ash in CTB and top lift
3. Optimized two-lift (same plus)• CTB and bottom lift on-site crusher• Fly ash in bottom lift
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Two-lift Kansas
Limitations
• Average European data for materials, processes, allocation parameters• “just” material acquisition and construction
Look for relative differences not numbers
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Comparison
Significant
1. Traditional 2. Two-lift 3. Optimized
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
All recycling off-site, no on-site recycling
Sensitivity analysis
Significant
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Comparison
Significant
1. Traditional 2. Two-lift 3. Optimized
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Sensitivity analysisAll primary aggregates local, no recycled aggregate
Significant
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Conclusions
• Two-lift shows great potential• Reducing clinker content is a sound strategy• Recycling pays off• Optimizing logistics matters• With equal distances for primary and secondary
aggregates, handling proves to be discriminating (quarry vs. on-site or off-site recycling)
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
LCA related lessons/limitations• Always look at more than 1 indicator ,
not just energy(trade-offs)• Do not forget we did not look at all life cycle stages
(trade-offs)• Always look for sensitivity analyses to test the
robustness of certain parameters or assumptions• We need more US based data
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Next steps
• Develop a framework• Expand on current efforts to make a concrete and
cement US database• Feed with primary data• Perform case studies
UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013
Environmental benefitsof two-lift pavementA quantitative perspective based on life cycle assessment (LCA)
Joep MeijerPresident of theRightenvironment