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TUTORIALTUTORIAL
1212thth WSEAS CSCC WSEAS CSCC MulticonferenceMulticonferenceJuly 22July 22--25, 2008, 25, 2008,
HeraklionHeraklion, Crete, Greece , Crete, Greece
44thth IARIA ICWMC 2008 IARIA ICWMC 2008 –– 33rdrd ICCGI 2008ICCGI 2008July 27 July 27 –– August 1, 2008, August 1, 2008,
VouliagmeniVouliagmeni, Athens, Greece , Athens, Greece
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© 2008 Miroslav Skoricinternet email: [email protected]
radio email: radio email: YT7MPB@YT7MPB.#NS.YUG.EUYT7MPB@YT7MPB.#NS.YUG.EU
- Amateur Radio in Engineering Education
- Amateur Radio Telecommunications and
Networking in Education
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Content (3 x 45-50 min.)
Part 1 Why do we need this? Why don’t we do something else?
Part 2 How much does it cost? How much do we save?How long will this take?
Part 3 Who has done this before? What do we plan next? … and …
Quiz (***)
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Part One
-Why do we need Amateur Radio ?
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Basic principles and goals:
To improve technological literacy To promote science and engineeringTo attract newcomers from doctors, lawyers, soldiers, students, artists …To remain as a non-for-profit and voluntary activity – a hobbyTo remain as legal but less regulated activity
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Main tasks of ‘ham radio’:
Learning the basic radio skillsBuilding and installing radio stations and other equipmentExchange knowledge worldwideSaving lives and properties after earthquakes, tornadoes, floods …Help to the nation in peace and war
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Amateur radio individuals - easily recognized by their antennas ☺Urban city zones (radio clubs etc)Organizations (societies, unions etc)All around the world ≈ few millionsInternational Amateur Radio Union (IARU), WARC-WRC, ITU (UN)
Where live the amateurs: ***
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Buy your own radio equipment Make the first radio connection with a friend’s or a club’s station Take an exam and get a licenseTake an amateur radio course Learn about the local club or union Find an amateur radio person living in the local area
How to join the amateur radio:***
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Part One
- What is the “packet-radio” ?- Why don’t we do something else instead of it?
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Direct amateur ‘packet radio’ …
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Problems …
Emitting station Receiving station
Bad conditions
Error !
… not only in Serbia
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… and Solutions
Packet № 1
Packet № 2
Packet № 2
Packet № 3
Confirm Packet № 1
Confirm Packet № 2
Reject Packet № 2
***
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Link over a repeater …
R = Repeater or Digital Repeater or ‘Digipeater’ or a ‘Node’
***
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Example:
ZNS = ‘digipeater’ inNovi Sad area
7 = Novi Sadarea 1 = Belgrade
area
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Radio network …
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The speed of the network …
300 / 1200 bps
1.2 Mbps…
38.4 Kbps19.2 Kbps9600 bps1200 bps
***
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Security and Privacy …
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Alphanumeric string …
umoransamodkafanavolimpivoirakij…afanavolimpivoirakijuumoransamodkaf
1234567890123456789012345678 … 1234567890123456789012345678901 10 20 … 60 70 80
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Alphanumeric string …
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‘Table’ – matrix 31 x n …
1 umoransamo2 dkafanavol3 impivoirak4 ijuumorans5 amodkafana. . .25 umoransamo26 dkafanavol27 impivoirak28 ijuumorans29 amodkafana30 volimpivoi31 rakijuumor
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‘Table’ – matrix 31 x n …
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MD2 Algorithm …
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MD2 Algorithm …
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MD2 Algorithm …
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Masqueraded password …
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Features and advantages:
Independent from wired/cell telephonyLong lasting communication link at low cost: 1 minute = 1 hour = 1 dayMobility on remote and rural locations Real-time communication E-mail system included Text and binary files exchange Low power consumingWe build our own network!
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“Bulletin board system” (BBS) …
TNC = Terminal Node Controller (modem)
E-mail serverBBS
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Amateur satellite modes:
Pacsat Broadcast ProtocolFile Transfer Protocol Level Zero
***
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Satellites are not geostationary!
Sending a message to the satellite – “upload”
Changing the position
“Downloading” a message from the sky
0,5 – 1 h
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Where is that “bird” ?
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What do we need to “track” an amateur satellite?
1
2 2
3 8
4 7
5 6
1. Computer → “tracker”
2. “Tracker” → antennas
3-4. Receiving signal
5-6. Computing data
7-8. Sending signal
“PacSat” Equipment
receiver modem transmitter
“tracker”
downlinkantenna
uplink antenna
***
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Part Two
- Hardware
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Packet radio equipment …
TNC = Terminal Node Controller (modem)
VHF station
HF station
UHF station
“2-meter” band
“70-centimeter” band
“20-meter” band
***
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Computers to be used:
Commodore 64 (special modem)Amiga, Atari … (special modem)PC XT (i8086) (RS232 modem)PC AT (i286) (RS232/LPT mod.)i386, i486 (RS232/LPT mod.
/internal PC cards)Pentium (RS232/LPT mod.
/internal PC cards /USB modem)
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“Old-timers” run packet-radio!
PC AT (i286)Pentium 2
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Radio stations:
Types: handheld (“walkie-talkie”), mobile (vehicle), fixed (home)Brands: Icom, Yaesu, Kenwood, Alinco, Standard …Power: batteries (NiCd, NiMH), vehicle batteries, outlets 220 VAntennas: handheld - mobile, vehicle, omni directional (“GP”), unidirectional (“Yagi”) …
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“Walkie-talkie”amateur radio station
200-500 €battery
radio
BNC connector
“rubber ducky”
***
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Mobile radio for a vehicle
400-800 €
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A stationary – “fixed” radio
700-1500+ €
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Simple packet radio antenna …
15-30 €
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Simple packet radio antenna …
1,5 m
0,5 m
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144 MHz
432 MHz
“uplink”
“downlink”
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A satellite equipped amateur station
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Simple serial modem
RS232 DIN 5pin
20 €
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Serial modem upgraded
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Modem for parallel (LPT) connectors
“Centronix”
LPT
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Modem for parallel connectors equipped with an adaptor to run
9600 bps G3RUH protocol (satellite)
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External modem EPPFLEX in the housing
100-200 €
EPP = Enhanced Parallel Port
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Printed circuit board PAR96
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External modem PICPAR
≈50 €
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External modem PICPAR in housing
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External modem PICPARin SMD version
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External SMD modem in its housing
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New generation of USBcontrollers
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A “classical” TNC2 controller
100-200 €
Batterybackup
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TNC device as a radio relay controller(Node Controller) ***
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Packet radio controllerKPC 3 Plus
≈200 $
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Packet radio controllerKPC 9612 Plus
≈350 $
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MFJ-1278B Multi-mode Data Controller
≈400 $
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Modem MFJ-2400 as an add-on board for MFJ-1278B
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Timewave (AEA) PK-232 controller
≈500 $
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AEA DSP-232 Dual Switchable Port Multi-Mode Data Controller
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AEA DSP-2232 Data Controller
800-1000 $
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KAM – “Kantronics All Mode”
400 $
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Combined Packet-Pactor controller capable to operate 3 radio stations
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Motherboard card BayCom“USCC>4” (ISA version)
1234
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VHF/UHF modem card
25-30 €
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VHF/HF modem card
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VHF/UHF modem card
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Motherboard card BayCom“USCC>4” (PCI version)
1 2 3 4
1 computer x 2 cards x 4 modems = 8 radio stations !
≈30 €
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Part Two
- Software
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Software solutions in local networks:server client
- “DosFBB” app.- Windows
“WinFBB” application
- Linux “LinFBB” application (X11)
- Linux “LinFBB” daemon (“xfbbd”)
- Linux “xfbbC” (text)
- Linux “xfbbX” (X11)
- Windows “xfbbW”- Windows “telnet”- Linux “telnet”- DOS “telnet”- DOS “Xrouter”- DOS “JNOS”
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1st possible scenario:The ‘sysop’ is the single user (no LAN)
MS DOS “DosFBB” server applicationWindows “WinFBB” server applicationLinux “LinFBB” server application (X11)Linux “LinFBB” server daemon (“xfbbd”)
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Software solutions: Windows
“WinFBB” application
0 € (Free!)
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“WinFBB” (1)
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“WinFBB” (2)
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“WinFBB” (3)
Hello! What’s new there …?
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Software solutions: Linux
1. “LinFBB” application (X11)2. “LinFBB” daemon (“xfbbd”)
0 € (Free!)
***
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“LinFBB” (1)
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“LinFBB” (2)
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“LinFBB” (3)
… I’m fine, thanks … enjoying a conference in Greece …
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2nd possible scenario:The ‘sysop’ is the single user (no LAN)
Linux “LinFBB” server daemon (“xfbbd”)Linux “xfbbC” local client (text mode)Linux “telnet” command (server console) Linux “xfbbX” local client (GUI mode)
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LinFBB’s “xfbbd”
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LinFBB’s “xfbbC” (sysop)
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LinFBB’s “xfbbC” (sysop)
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Linux “telnet” (sysop)
***
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“LinFBB” client “xfbbX”
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“LinFBB” client “xfbbX” (1)
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“LinFBB” client “xfbbX” (2)
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“LinFBB” client “xfbbX” (3)
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“LinFBB” client “xfbbX” (4)
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3rd possible scenario:The access via a LAN is available
Windows “telnet” command (LAN user)Windows “xfbbW” client (LAN sysop)MS DOS “telnet” command (LAN user)
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Windows “telnet” (user)
***
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Windows client “xfbbW”
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Windows client “xfbbW” (1)
1. Connection with Linux server not established.
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Windows client “xfbbW” (2)
2. Connection with Linux server established (no users yet).
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Windows client “xfbbW” (3)
3. Getting the system information from the Linux server.
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Windows client “xfbbW” (4)
4. Activating the windows: “Monitoring”, “All channels”.
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Windows client “xfbbW” (5)
5. Starting the remote “Console” connection.
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Main commandwindow listing
connected users
‘Monitoring’window listens
to the frequency
‘All channels’ windowshows all users’
activities
‘Console’ windowis a simulation of the BBS’s console
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Windows “telnet” (user)
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Monitoring a user (BBS console)
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Monitoring a user (“xfbbW” client)
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DOS “telnet” (user)
***
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DOS “telnet” (user)
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Type of theconnection
Login
Systemand userinfo
Actual users
User’sprompt
Type of theprogram
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DOS “telnet” (user)
Accesstype
Login
Systemand userinfo
Other users
Prompt
YT7MPB BBS. TELNET Access
Callsign : yt7mpbPassword :Logon Ok. Type NP to change password.
[FBB-7.04j-AB1FHMRX$]YT7MPB BBS, Novi Sad.Hello Misko. 4647 active messages, last is 105599, last listed is 103444.
Assigned channels:Ch. 8 (TELNET) : YT7MPB-0 - Thu 21/09/06 21:26Ch. 13 (TELNET) : ED1ZAC-0 - Thu 21/09/06 21:15Ch. 15 (TELNET) : CE8FGC-0 - Thu 21/09/06 21:15Ch. 17 (TELNET) : 7M3TJZ-0 - Thu 21/09/06 21:15Ch. 18 (TELNET) : EA5RQ-0 - Thu 21/09/06 21:15Ch. 19 (TELNET) : PY2DML-0 - Thu 21/09/06 21:15
You have 106 new (unread) message(s).
(1) YT7MPB BBS>
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DOS “telnet” (user)№ Type Size To: Via From: Date/Time Subject
***
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DOS “telnet” (user)
“yu7bdr” hasrestricted
permissions
***
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DOS “telnet” (sys admin)
“yt7mpb” hasadmin
privileges
***
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DOS “telnet” (user)
“gateway”
“monitor”
“quit”
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Monitoring a user (LinFBB)
Main program window
“All channels” window
“Monitoring” window
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Monitoring a user (LinFBB)
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4th possible scenario:‘telnet’ from within other programs
MS DOS “Xrouter” telnet commandMS DOS “JNOS” telnet command ***
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DOS “Xrouter” (user)
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r 23114 23120
*
*
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“JNOS” (NOS = Network OS)
***
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DOS “JNOS” (user)
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DOS “JNOS” (user)
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DOS “JNOS” (user)
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5th possible scenario:‘telnet’ from the opposite direction
Telnet to DOS “JNOS” mailbox from WindowsTelnet to DOS “JNOS” mailbox from Linux
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Telnet connection to DOS “JNOS” (from Windows’ Hyper Terminal)
JNOSidentification
Login
Systemand userinfo
Prompt
***
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Telnet connection to DOS “JNOS” (from Linux’ Shell)
JNOSidentification
Login
Systemand userinfo
Prompt
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The automaticautomatic email exchange between DOS “JNOS” and “LinFBB”
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The equipment used in the home LAN: DOS “JNOS” + WinFBB/LinFBB
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The equipment for DOS “JNOS” mailbox
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23
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LinFBB program installation manual:
“FBB Packet-radio BBS mini-HOWTO”
http://http://tldp.orgtldp.org/HOWTO/FBB.html/HOWTO/FBB.html
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Linux installation manuals:“LILO mini-HOWTO”“Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO”
http://http://tldp.orgtldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO/LILO.html/LILO.htmlhttp://http://tldp.orgtldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO/Linux+WinNT.html/Linux+WinNT.html
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Part Three
-Who has done this before?-What do we plan next?
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Packet radio network in Vojvodina
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Bosnia network
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University of BolognaComputer Science of Cesena
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The Concordia University (Canada) Amateur Radio Club
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Macquarie University (Australia)Radio Station VK2GMU
Wireless Institute Civil Emergency Network -
WICEN
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Stanford Amateur Radio Club (USA)W6YX
Packet radio & high speed data communications
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University of Maryland (USA) Amateur Radio Association UMARA
The Spartan Packet Radio Experiment (SPRE)
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CO2BQQ - The University City "JOSE ANTONIO ECHEVARRIA" in Ciudad de la Habana
CO8RCI - The University of Santiago de Cuba, in the same name province
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Suggestion:
Implementation of a dedicated “amateur digital license” (ADL) →
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ADL ☺Computer and radio hardware Operating systems and ‘ham’ digital software Configuration of radio modems and other equipment (antennas, ground etc) RFI – Radio frequency interference issues Regulatory set of questions (band plan etc) Foreign language (in written test)
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ADL ☺Work any digitaldigital (data) mode Work any digitaldigital (data) sub-band Use only dedicated digital (data) radio station (easily to modify)Would be the best solution for the cell telephony and the Internet users Would be the best solution for kids in schools, universities etc
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Suggestion:
Radio amateurs should jointhe educational and scientific activities at the local schoolsand universities wherever possible – in particular in developing countries.
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Suggestion:
The academia should help building the AMUNETAMUNET - the AmAmateur UnUniversity NetNetwork
→ → → → → → → → → → → → →
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A future vision: the AMUNETAMUNET between the university and the village schools
universityuniversity
11stst schoolschool
22ndnd schoolschool
33rdrd schoolschool
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Suggestion:
After a local AMUNET AMUNET -- the AmAmateur UnUniversity NetNetwork, has been established, it would be the right time to apply for financing some wider projects, like “TEMPUS”, “FP6” and other similar projects – being sponsored by the EU.
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The amateur radio contribution:
In the USA is considered that “the amateur radio is a valuable tool to develop new ideas in communications, and that’s why the amateurs are encouraged to make the experiments, to build the equipment etc”.
Ralph Mowery, radio amateur
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- "Teaching Technology Growing in Importance" Cincinnati Enquirer
(08/06/07); Fischer, Ben
A growing effort to get children excited and interested in technology includes programs like
summer camps at universities for potential engineers and scientists, and open-access
computer labs and weekend workshops hosted by nonprofits.
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Int’l Student Summer School
Takes up to 7-10 days.Co-sponsored by a IEEE, WSEAS, ACM, EESTEC chapter or the local community → accommodation.Co-sponsored by the participants→ travel to the event venue.Co-sponsored by local amateurs → technical equipment & test labs.
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Questions?
Thank You!
… deserving awards!