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arch 631 c a s e s t u d yt u r n i n g t o r s o
TURNING TORSO @ MALMO, SWEDEN
BY SANTIAGO CALATRAVA
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arch 631 c a s e s t u d yt u r n i n g t o r s o
facts
structuresantiago calatravaartist
structural engineer
architect
• building : mixed use
• 1st to 2nd cube :commercial space
• 3rd to 9th cube:residential space
• cost : 235million US$
• no of floors – 57• basement – 2• height – 190.4 mts• 9 cubes of 5 floors
each• each floor: 1.6 deg• each cube: 10 deg
materials• concrete core-shear walls
• concrete floor slabs
• steel spine
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arch 631 c a s e s t u d yt u r n i n g t o r s o
architectural concept
• designed to look like a turning human body
• nine vertically stacked cubes
• twisted 90 degrees from bottom to top
• steel spine twists along with the structure similar to spine and ribs of the human body
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arch 631 c a s e s t u d yt u r n i n g t o r s o
structural concept
concrete tube core r =10.6 mts
steel spine pin
connected
concrete floor slab
1ft thk cantilevered
from the core concrete perimeter column
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arch 631 c a s e s t u d yt u r n i n g t o r s o
steel spine• as exoskeleton for the structure
• reduces wind displacement
• acts as a reinforcing truss
• consists of 20 horizontal and 18 diagonal members known as cigars
foundation
lateral load transfersteel spine
perimeter walls
cantilever floor slabs
central core
foundation
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arch 631 c a s e s t u d yt u r n i n g t o r s o
typical floor plan
circular hallway
concrete core
concrete perimeter column
concrete floor slab
cantilevered from core
glass and aluminiumfacade
vertically continuous perimeter walls
17 mts
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arch 631 c a s e s t u d yt u r n i n g t o r s o
construction process• self climbing slip forms
• steel spine erected using air-driven winches
• steel treated with special anti-corrosive paint
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arch 631 c a s e s t u d yt u r n i n g t o r s o
analysiswind load calculations
velocity pressure =
qz = 0.613. Kz .Kzt .Kd .V2. I (N/m2 )
design wind load =
F = qz.G.Cf.Af (N)
wind velocity at each floor =
Vr.(h/hr).K
wind velocity (reference) =
Vr = 44m/sec
hr = 10 mts
h = ht of floor above ground
K = 1/5
Kz = exposure category
Kzt = topographic factor
Kd = wind directionality factor
V = wind speed
I = importance factor
G = gust effect factor
Cf = force coefficient
Af = projected area
note:
• all values from ASCE-07
• all factors are generic factors not dependent on geographic location
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arch 631 c a s e s t u d yt u r n i n g t o r s o
shear force diagramaxial force diagram
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arch 631 c a s e s t u d yt u r n i n g t o r s o
deflection diagram + animmoment diagram
y
x
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arch 631 c a s e s t u d yt u r n i n g t o r s o
conclusion• example of a structure where steel exoskeleton is used as an efficient lateral bracing mechanism
• central core in concrete is the main element responsible for transferring vertical loads towards the foundation
• http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b8368
resources
• http://www.dexigner.com/design_news/2482.html
• http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=8368
• http://www.turningtorso.com/html/faq_en.htm
• http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/turning-torso/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turning_Torso
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arch 631 c a s e s t u d yt u r n i n g t o r s o
thank you
team
charul mehta
jeremy harper
nupur gupta
thomas oomen