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Basic Electricity Level I
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• Name:
• Dealership:
• Location:
• Level of experience:
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Objectives
In this course, the attendee will have the opportunity to:
• Understand how the event of electricity occurs
• Become familiar with the universal magnitudes
• Broaden their knowledge of the event of magnetism
• Learn Ohm's Laws, their formulae and uses
Duration - 2 days (16 hours)
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Objectives
• Carry out exercises using the measurement tools for magnitudes of energy
• Learn what an electrical circuit is and its main components
• Develop the habit of interpreting electrical wiring diagrams
• Learn more about the construction, operation and care of batteries
• Become familiar with the charging and starter system and all of their components.
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Composition of Matter
Definition of several terms:
Matter• Matter, put in simple terms, is anything that has mass and occupies space.
Event• The objects with which we have contact and which do not occupy space. The
phenomena are not considered to be matter.
Molecule• This is matter divided into its smallest constituent part. It retains the
characteristics of the original matter.
Atom• Elements composed of other particles, and which when combined form
various substances.
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Composition of Matter
Atom
+
-
-
- -
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
Electron
Orbital
Substrate
Neutron
Proton
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Composition of Matter
Negative ion = Anion
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-
+
+
+
+
-
- -
-
-
-
-
Composition of Matter
Positive ion = Cation
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-
+
+
++
+
++ +
-
- -
Composition of Matter
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+
+ +
Activity
– Form two groups
– Decide who in each group is going to be electrons, protons and neutrons.
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Coffee
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Electrical Magnitudes
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The units of measurement of magnitudes are named after the people who discovered them.
Electrical Magnitudes
Unit Magnitude Origin of Name Profession
Volt Voltage Alessandro Volta Italian physicist
Watt Output James Watt Scottish mathematician
Ampere Current André Marie Ampère French mathematician
Ohm Resistance Georg Somon Ohm German physicist
DIFFERENCE IN POTENTIAL
Electrical Magnitudes
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UNIT OF MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE
Electrical Magnitudes
DESIGNATION SYMBOL NAME AND VALUE
Multiples
Megavolt MV 1MV or 1,000,000 V
Kilovolt kV 1 kV or 1000 V
Units Volt V _
Sub-multiples
Millivolt mV 1 mV or 0.001 V
Microvolt uV 1 µV or 0.000001 V
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DIRECT CURRENT AND CONSTANT VOLTAGE
Electrical Magnitudes
DESIGNATION SYMBOL NAME AND VALUE
Multiples Kiloampere kA 1 kA or 1000 A
Units Ampere A _
Sub-multiples
Milliamp mA 1 mA or 0.001 A
Microamp µA 1 µA or 0.000001 A
Nanoamp nA 1 nA or 0.000000001 A
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CURRENT DIRECTION
Electrical Magnitudes
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ALTERNATING CURRENT AND VOLTAGE - CYCLE
Electrical Magnitudes
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SYMBOLS
Electrical Magnitudes
STANDARD ELECTRICAL MAGNITUDES
Meaning
Direct current
Alternating current
AC/DC current
Example of 60 Hz single-phase alternating current
Example of dual-conductor direct current, 220v
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OUTPUT
Electrical Magnitudes
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OUTPUT
Electrical Magnitudes
DESIGNATION SYMBOL
Unit Watt W
Multiple
Decawatt daW
Hectowatt hW
Kilowatt kW
Megawatt MW
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ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE
Electrical Magnitudes
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ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE
Electrical Magnitudes
DESIGNATION SYMBOL NAME AND VALUE
Multiple
Megaohm MΩ 1 MΩ or 1,000,000 Ω
Kiloohm kΩ 1 kΩ or 1000 Ω
UnitOhm Ω _
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ELECTRICAL RESISTANCY
Electrical Magnitudes
MATERIALS Rho (ρ mm²/m at 20ºC)
Silver0,016
Copper 0,0173
Gold 0,023
Aluminium 0,0265
Zinc 0,06
Nickel 0,095
Tin 0,114
Iron 0,122
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FUSES
Basic Electricity
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OHM'S LAW
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Basic Electricity
APPLICATION OF OHM'S LAW
U
R A
U = R x I
V = Ω x A
R = U / I
Ω = V / A
I = U / R
A = V / Ω
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Basic Electricity
OHM'S SECOND LAW
R=p . I/a
"l" (length)
"a"(cross-
section area) "ρ" (material)
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Basic Electricity
SERIES CIRCUIT
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Basic Electricity
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
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Basic Electricity
MAGNETISM
Basic Electricity
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MAGNETIC FIELD
Basic Electricity
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ELECTRO-MAGNETISM
Basic Electricity
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COIL AND ITS RESPECTIVE SYMBOLS
Basic Electricity
COIL, WINDING OR INDUCTORSYMBOL
(PREFERRED FORM)
SYMBOL
(OTHER FORM)
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RELAYS
Basic Electricity
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MEASURING INSTRUMENT
Basic Electricity
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MULTIMETER
Basic Electricity
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BATTERY
Basic Electricity
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BATTERY CONSTRUCTION – CONVENTIONAL COVER PLATE
Basic Electricity
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BATTERY CONSTRUCTION – SEALED COVER PLATE
Basic Electricity
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BATTERY CONSTRUCTION – PLATE COMPONENTS
Basic Electricity
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BATTERY CONSTRUCTION – CONNECTION OF THE PLATES
Basic Electricity
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BATTERY CONSTRUCTION – CHARGE INDICATOR
Basic Electricity
Green - charge status greater than 65%
Black - battery discharged
Clear - battery electrolyte level below
the minimum level
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The use of safety goggles is
recommended.
Read and complete all of the
warranty certificate.
Keep out of the reach of
children.Caution: corrosive liquid.
Avoid sparks and flames in
the proximity of the product.Risk of explosion.
Recyclable product - return to
the point of sale when
replacing.
Do not dispose of in domestic
waste. Contains toxic
substances (lead).
CARE WHEN HANDLING BATTERIES
Basic Electricity
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ALTERNATOR
Basic Electricity
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ALTERNATORS WITH CLAW-POLE TYPE ROTOR AND SLIP RINGS
Basic Electricity
cooling
brace
stator
windingdrive
pulley
Fan
claw-pole
rotor
HousingBrush
Bearing
Slip ring
Diode
Claw-pole
half-piece
exciter
winding
Claw-pole
half-piece
Rotor shaft
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VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Basic Electricity
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ADJUSTMENT OF TRANSISTORISED VOLTAGE
Basic Electricity
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Basic Electricity
FAULT POSSIBLE CAUSES
Current less than the charge current • Defective voltage regulator.
The warning light illuminates when the ignition key is turned
to the OFF position (engine stopped).
• Fault on the voltage regulator.
• Short between the spirals or to earth in the stator winding.
• Diodes in short-circuit.
The warning light illuminates (faint) when the engine is
accelerated.• One or more burned out positive rectifier diodes (in short-circuit).
The warning light does not illuminate when the engine is
stopped.
• Check the connections: engine earth strap to the bodywork, battery
leads.
• Exciter diodes open.
• Positive diodes open.
The warning light does not illuminate when the engine is
stopped.
• Bulb blown or disconnected.
• Voltage regulator disconnected.
• Battery completely discharged or damaged.
• Rotor winding broken.
The warning light illuminates faintly and does not alter.
• Alternator field circuit broken.
• DF terminals disconnected.
• Brushes with poor contact.
• Detached slip ring.
The warning light lights up constantly with unchanging
brightness (bright).
• Terminal D+ in short-circuit to earth (as a result the excitation diodes burn out).
• Terminal DF in short-circuit to earth.
• Short-circuit to earth or across the spirals of the rotor winding.
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STARTER MOTOR
Basic Electricity
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SOLENOID
Basic Electricity
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ROLLER FREE-RUNNING GEAR
Basic Electricity
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ELIMINATION OF FAULTS
Basic Electricity
DISADVANTAGES CAUSES
Solenoid is not actuated.
Damaged solenoid.
Connections between the starter key and the solenoid are
interrupted.
Damaged solenoid.
The armature rotates, but the pinion does not engage (makes a
noise).
Pinion shaft is seized.
Pinion or ring gear has damaged or burred teeth.
The pinion engages, the armature rotates but the flywheel does
not.The pinion sprag (free-running gear) is slipping.
The starter motor continues to turn over after the starter key has
been released.
The starter key is not disconnected.
Solenoid in short-circuit.
Pinion does not disengage after starting.Recoil spring weak or broken.
Pinion seized.
Starter motor operates normally but makes a noise when
disengaging.Pinion free-running gear stiff.
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THANK YOU!