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Trimble Aerial Imaging
John Curry Jerome Coonen and Jim Quaderer
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Three takeaways
1. Calibrated vegetation and
chlorophyll indexes from
satellite imagery
2. Uncalibrated NDVI from
UAV imagery
3. Fertile arena of aircraft,
sensors, processing,
indexes, applications, and
integration
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● Refined over four decades since Landsat 1
○ Resolution -- 15 m
○ Timing -- 16 days between updates
○ Clouds
○ Errors from shadows, soil color &
moisture
● Calibrated indexes exploiting 3 bands
○ Vegetation -- PPVI
○ Chlorophyll -- PPCI
PurePixel™
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● Biophysical calibration ...using the known reflectance of
bare soil and dense woody
vegetation
● Absolute metric ...compare between different
dates and fields
Calibrated imagery
PPVI
Field X
July 25
PPVI
Field X
August 3
PPVI
Field Y
August 3
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● PPVI -- no bias from dark soil background
● PPVI -- no saturation at full canopy
● NDVI = 0.008*PPVI + 0.1
PurePixel PPVI vs. NDVI
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● May 2015 potatoes
● Captured R-G-NIR on
Sony camera
● Displayed as NIR-R-G
Color infrared imagery
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● Sony sensor
● Remove NIR filter
● Add blue filter
● Out-of-band radiation
Off-the-shelf solution
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● Uncalibrated view of the canopy
● Gamma “distortion”
● Limited range
● Cloud shadows
● Soil noise
Aerial NDVI today
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● Five quantiles
● Out-of-band radiation
● 0.43 -- 0.53
Exaggerating the NDVI range
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Given a 5 cm NDVI map and a 15 m PPVI map:
1. Resample the UAV map out to 15 m by
averaging the NDVI values
2. Find k, the best fit ratio of
f(PPVI) / NDVI
across the maps, where f: PPVI → NDVI
3. Apply the scale factor k across the original
5 cm UAV map
Leveraging a low-res calibrated map
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● Multispectral -- a tradeoff of
○ Number of bands -- 4, 16, ??
○ Resolution -- 1 MP, 2 MP, ??
○ Bandwidth -- 10 nm, 50 nm, ??
● Hyperspectral
○ Registration
○ Redundancy
● Thermal
○ Low resolution backed by panchromatic
Sensor directions
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● N prescription maps -- the holy grail
○ rice
● Potential / actual yield
○ corn
● Pest detection
● Water stress
Benefit to growers
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Connected Farm 6/11/2014
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Connected Farm
7/16/2014
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Connected Farm
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Connected Farm
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Three-and-a-half takeaways
1. Calibrated vegetation and chlorophyll
indexes from satellite imagery
2. Uncalibrated NDVI from UAV imagery
3. Fertile arena of aircraft, sensors,
processing, indexes, applications, and
integration
3.5 Connected Farm has many solutions like
PurePixel and RainWave to provide better
data to make better decisions
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