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HOME HEATING EFFICIENCY
IMPROVEMENT
Trevor ThompsonSenior Project II
Vermont Technical CollegeSpring 2011
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Problem StatementInefficient heat distribution from the living room woodstove to
other rooms in the house resulting in ~7deg delta in temperature between the living room and the nursery (room 1).
Living Room~70 deg
~63 deg
Room 1Room 2
Room 3
Room 4
House Layout
Room 5
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Solution Statement• Design a heat distribution system that takes heat provided from the living
room wood stove and distributes it to other rooms when called for.
• If the temperatures are not being met the controller will trigger the furnace to turn on and compensate.
Room 1
Room 4
Room 2Room 3
Living Room
Controller
V(T)
Actuator
room 5
Damper
V(T)V(T)
V(T)
V(T)
ActuatorDamper
Actuator Damper
ActuatorDamper
Damper
Furnace
Room 5
OutsideTemp
IntakeTemp
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Project Plan
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Mechanical Design
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Step #1: Calculate Required Btu/hr
Formula:
BTU/hr Required = Volume of Room (ft3) X Insulation Rating + (# of Windows X 1000)
Length (ft) X Width (ft) X Height (ft)
* All Formula’s Obtained at www.engineeringtoolbox.com
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Step #2: Determine Required Air Flow
23000 Btu/hr
1 kW (kJ/s) = 859.9 kcal/h = 3,413 Btu/h(23,000 Btu/hr) X (1kW/3413Btu/hr) = 6.76kW
Formula
~700 cfm Required
Air Flow (cfm) = [(6.76kW)(3.42)] / [(1.08)(30deg F)]
= 713 cfm
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Step #3: Choosing Duct Size
Main Branch Duct Calculation
v = 900ft/minq = 700cfm *This will be used in the next step
Duct X-Sectional Area = 144 X (700cfm / 900ft/min) = 112in2
Area = pi X r2 so; r = sqareroot (Area / pi)
r = square root(112in2 / pi) = 5.97 inches
Duct Diameter = 12inches
• Air velocities in ducts should not exceed certain limits to avoid high pressure losses and unacceptable
noise generation.
Branch Duct Calculation
v = 400ft/minq = 78cfm
Duct X-Sectional Area = 144 X (78cfm / 400ft/min) = 28in2
Area = pi X r2 so; r = sqareroot (Area / pi)
r = square root(28in2 / pi) = 3 inches
Duct Diameter = 6 inches
Formula
Step 1: Determine Desired Air Velocity
Step 2: Calculate Duct Diameter
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700 cfm
Friction Loss = [0.109136 X (700cfm)1.9 ] / (12in)5.02
Friction Loss = 0.1 inch H2O
Formula
Step #4: Determining Friction Loss in the Duct
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Step #5: Choosing Fan
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Confirmation that the existing duct can carry the same air volume as the new 12” round.
Step #6: Verifying Duct Equivalence
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Step #7: Choosing Return Locations
What Do We Know?
• Each room has a fixed volume.
• As hot air is forced into the room existing cool air needs to be pulled out.
• Want air flow in each room to envelope the room with hot air to reduce cold air from penetrating the exterior walls.
• Since hot air rises I choose a low location for the return vent so the air that was force out was the cold air that resided in the room.
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Solidworks Flow SimulationInitial Hot Air Vent Location
Final Hot Air Vent Location
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SolidWorks Modeling
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SolidWorks Modeling
12 inch Main Trunk6 in BranchesDampers
Actuator
Centrifugal Fan
Duct Intake
Main Existing Trunk
Transition Box
45deg Elbow
90deg Elbow
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Controllable Damper Assembly
Damper
DamperDuct
Actuator
Controllable DamperAssembly
DamperAssembly
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Complete SolidWorks Assembly
New Duct AssemblyExisting Duct Assembly
Combined Duct Assembly
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Hot Air Control Vent System Level Diagram
Centrifugal Fan
Room 1 Actuator
Room 1 Damper
Room 2 Damper
Room 3 Damper
Room 4 Damper
Room 1 Temperatur
e Plate
Room 5 Relay
Room 5 Damper
Room 2 Actuator
Room 3 Actuator
Room 4 Actuator
Furnace
Computer
0-10V Signal
Ethernet Port
10K Type 3
24VAC
24VAC OutsideTemp
IntakeTemp
Room 2 Temperatur
e Plate
Room 3 Temperatur
e Plate
Room 4 Temperatur
e Plate
Room 5 Temperatur
e Plate
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Electrical Wiring Diagram• Four wire to each actuator.
• Two wire to;1. Temperature Plates2. Fan Control3. Outside Temperature4. Intake Temperature5. Furnace
• Power to Fan.
• Power to Transformer.
• Tie into Controller
Furnace OA Temp Intake Temp
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• 8 Universal Inputs• Temperature Plates (4)• Outside Air Temp Probe (1)• Intake Temp Probe (1)
• 4 Analog Outputs• Actuators (4)
• 4 Digital Relay Outputs• Furnace• Centrifugal Fan
• 15 VDC Out
• Ethernet Ports
• Battery Backup Pack
Controller Layout
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Fabrication / Installation Process
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1. Cut in zone control dampers and attach actuators
2. Install clearance extension
3. Install 90deg elbow
4. Install fan
5. Install 45deg tie-in elbow
6. Install back draft damper
7. Install 12” round duct pipe
8. Install Temperature Plates
9. Install Outside & Intake Temp Probes
Installation Process
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Cross sectional area of intake must equal or exceed that of the 12’ round duct.
Clearance behind woodstove limits width to 4 inches.
Intake must travel from duct in basement through floor to rear of woodstove.
Design must include a removable filter to remove dust/ash/smoke before going through system.
Area of 12” Round Duct = (pi)r2 = pi x 62 = 113.1 in2
Area Intake = Length X Width
Length = 113.1 in2 / 4in = 28.3 in ~29 inches
Designing Intake
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1. Find location of woodstove in the basement
2. Review basement layout for any obstructions
3. Determine where to tie into existing duct
Initial Design Verification
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Initial Sketch of Intake
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Controller Wiring
Run Trunk Line / Install Mounting Board
Mount Controller
Connect Wires to Terminals
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List of Materials / BOM
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Demo
Questions