Download - Transportation Concurrency
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Transportation Concurrency
The provision of “adequate transportation
facilities”
Integrating land use and transportation
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Concurrency (the ideal):
The measurement process used to regulate* the inter-relationship between
development and transportation facilities and
services
*Assumes that at some point transportation services will be provided that allow attainment of growth called for in the comprehensive plan
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Concurrency
• State law allows each jurisdiction to define its own concurrency system
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Concurrency
Once you define “adequate transportation facilities”
(performance)
You can not allow development unless those facilities
(performance levels) exist
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Concurrency
Is (currently) almost always defined in
terms of roadway congestion
• But you can define it differently if you wish – and new legislation encourages a more multi-modal approach to concurrency
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Concurrency As Implemented
•You get what you measure
– If you only measure road congestion
– All problems/solutions are associated with cars and roadway capacity
– Other transportation services are nearly irrelevant
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Multi-Modal Concurrency?
Currently: “multi-modal” means that:
a mode split calculation is done before assigning vehicle
volumes to the roadway network
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Concurrency: A Local Issue
• Different jurisdictions have – Different goals/objectives for concurrency
– Different performance standards
• Your concurrency rules only apply within your jurisdiction– There is little / no regional coordination or outlook
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Cities
• Use concurrency to manage/direct their development and/or transportation infrastructure expansion– Or they basically ignore it
• Design their procedures differently– Because city goals differ– The politics are different in each city
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Different Uses of Concurrency
• To increase funding for transportation projects
• To limit growth
• To regulate the speed of growth
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Different Political Goals Means
• “Adequate” facilities change by jurisdiction
– What is acceptable to me is not acceptable to my neighbor
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A Downside of Local Application
• Once traffic crosses a border (including onto a state highway), its “not your problem”
– Congestion that meets my standards but not yours, is not my problem
– Trips I generate that cause your congestion are not my problem
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So
• Our problems/procedures are local,
But
• Many of our problems/causes/solutions are regional
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Concurrency As Implemented
•You get what you measure
– If you don’t measure state highways of significance, then
– Don’t be surprised when those roads•“generate” congestion on your local roads
•have very large congestion problems that cause popular resistance to growth
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How Do We Measure Roadway Congestion?
• Level of Service (A- F)– Delay, Speed, Density of Traffic
• Cheap mathematical estimation is– Volume / capacity (v/c)
– So for concurrency, cities often use some combination of v/c calculations
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Changing the Rules Is Allowed
• State law allows jurisdictions to change their concurrency system
• The changes must be made openly– Limits are placed primarily to ensure Nexus and Proportionality
– There are other legal restrictions
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Nexus and Proportionality
• Nexus – the impact (standard) you are measuring must be directly associated with that development
• Proportionality – the mitigation you require must be in proportion to the development’s impact on that standard
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So You Want A New Process?
• Selecting new performance measures requires that cities understand
– What they want their transportation system (and land use) to look like
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So You Want A New Process?
• Cities must understand
– What they want out of their concurrency program•Money (or specific facility improvements)
•Control over the timing of development
•Ease of use, application and public understanding
•To stop further development
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A New Process• Can be multi-modal
– Must be if you desire a multi-modal solution
• Requires an honest assessment that specific transportation services can/will/should be used by selected land uses– Road performance is the correct measure in some places
– But even in exurban cities, the congestion effects on state routes may need to be considered
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Honest Assessment?• For example, if transit use is your goal:
– Are there sufficient park and ride spaces?– Is the new development within walking distance of frequent bus service? (1/8 – 1/4 mile)
– Is the bus service attractive? (frequent, goes to logical places, etc.)
• This may mean one development is OK, but another development 2-blocks over is not
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Working Regionally
• Means giving up tight local control in order to gain more regional control
• Without regional cooperation, the best designed concurrency program can easily fail due to regional pressures
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Legislative Interest
• Current concurrency regulation is a decent first shot, but is not achieving what was intended
– Do we assert more state control?– Do we tweak the existing regulations?
– Do we require more consistency in process?
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Legislative Concerns/Interest
• Congestion based concurrency measures increase the cost of growth in urban centers
• Decreases relative cost of growth in far suburbs
• While causing increasing congestion on major routes
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Study Team Issues
• What is the real intention of Concurrency?– Growth control (timing or denial?)
– Methodology? (Mathematics?)– Funding?– Politics?– Institutional controls/directions
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Study Team Issues
• Can/do we shift from purely local control to more regional or statewide control?
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Current Study Issues
• Do we provide a mechanism for funding alternative modes?
• Do we empower the region to enforce regional solutions or at least regional coordination?
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Current Study
• How do we address:– Transit– Walking– Biking– Freight
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More Information on Concurrency
•http://depts.washington.edu/trac/concurrency/index.html
•Will be updated once we start to produce new material