Download - Tot history
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Judith Lievens
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HISTORY
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History• Why do people toast bread?To preserve itTo make it crunchierTo make it sweeterTo make it perfect for spreads
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History• Before the toaster bread was toasted over an open fire with the help of a variety of simple tools.
• 1900s: electricity in all householdsthere came a wave of technological innovations and a demand for household appliances, one of them the toaster
• First: embedded heating system
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History•March 1905 Nichrome (Albert Marsh)Surface of toast needs to be heated above 154°CNeed of a wire that reaches high temperatures without being damaged of starting a fire. Nichrome (alloy of nickel and chromium)
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History• Numerous prototype electric toasters and in1909 : first electric toaster (Frank Shailor for General Electrics)This was the first commercially successful electric toasterProblems: When is the toast ready?Flipping with your handsburns!
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History• 1913 Lloyd and Hazel Copeman: ‘‘automatic toaster’’Turning the toast without touching it
Five toaster related patents on their names
Many companies paid royalties to Copeman or find other ways to turn the toast.
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HistoryProblem: burnt toastBy incorporating springs and a variable timer: pop-up toaster on May 29, 1919 by Charles StritePatented on October 18, 1921Manufactured and sold to the Childs restaurant chainRedesign in 1926: “the Toastmaster” available to the public
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HistoryMajor breakthrough in 1928 presliced-loaf and sealed-bag process by Otto Frederick Rohwedder1930 sliced Wonder Bread1933 more sliced than unsliced bread Strite’s pop-up made sense now and became a standard in American households
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