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Today’s Goal Today’s Goal You will be You will be able to…able to…
Describe the functions of the brain structures.
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HindbrainHindbrain Medulla:Medulla: unconscious vital unconscious vital
functions like breathing, functions like breathing, circulation, etc.circulation, etc.
Pons:Pons:Bridge between Bridge between cerebellum & cerebellum & cerebrum, cerebrum, facial movements, facial movements,
possible role in possible role in sleep/dreamssleep/dreams
Reticular Formation:Reticular Formation: wakefulness & sleep, wakefulness & sleep, alertness, filters stimulialertness, filters stimuli
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Cerebellum: Cerebellum: balance, balance, motor coordinationmotor coordination
HindbrainHindbrain
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Limbic System Thalamus:Thalamus:
Relays sensory info Relays sensory info from the body to from the body to parts of the brainparts of the brain
Amygdala:Amygdala:
Emotional Emotional responses, responses, particularly particularly aggression; aggression; attention to novel attention to novel stimulistimuli
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Limbic SystemLimbic System Hypothalamus:Hypothalamus:
Maintains homeostasis: Maintains homeostasis: regulates body regulates body temperature, hunger, temperature, hunger, thirst, blood pressure, thirst, blood pressure, hormones, etc.hormones, etc.
Hippocampus:Hippocampus:
Formation of memoriesFormation of memories
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REM sleep & dreaming, assists in movementREM sleep & dreaming, assists in movement Relay station for sensory infoRelay station for sensory info ““On switch” for the brain, alertness & wakefulness, On switch” for the brain, alertness & wakefulness,
attentionattention Body temperature, hunger, thirst, glandsBody temperature, hunger, thirst, glands Balance and motor coordinationBalance and motor coordination Emotions (aggression), novel stimuliEmotions (aggression), novel stimuli ““Master gland”Master gland” Unconscious essential functions such as respiration and Unconscious essential functions such as respiration and
heart rateheart rate Formation of new memoriesFormation of new memories
Which part of the brain?Which part of the brain? Pons
Thalamus
R.A.S.Hypothal.Hypothal.
Amygdala Pituitary gland
Medulla HippocampusHippocampus
CerebellumCerebellum
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CerebrumCerebrum
Cerebellum
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
Cerebrum
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Cerebral CortexCerebral Cortex Cerebral Cortex – outer layer of Cerebral Cortex – outer layer of
wrinkled tissue that covers the wrinkled tissue that covers the cerebrum (divided into four lobes)cerebrum (divided into four lobes)
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Gyri (ridge)
Fissure
(deep groove)
Sulci (groove)
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
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Frontal Lobe Critical thinking, personality, decision-making, Critical thinking, personality, decision-making,
forward planning, emotional regulation, rationality forward planning, emotional regulation, rationality
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Parietal Lobe Interprets touch/pain/pressure sensations Interprets touch/pain/pressure sensations
from the bodyfrom the body
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Occipital LobeOccipital Lobe Interprets visual informationInterprets visual information
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Temporal LobeTemporal Lobe Interprets auditory informationInterprets auditory information Role in memoryRole in memory
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Somatosensory Cortex – interprets where on Somatosensory Cortex – interprets where on the body you are having a sensationthe body you are having a sensation
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Motor Cortex – initiates movement for particular parts of the body
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/brain/probe-nojs.html
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Language & the Brain Broca’s Area:Broca’s Area:
Physical production of speech, Physical production of speech, coherent language (outputs)coherent language (outputs)
Broca’s Aphasia:Broca’s Aphasia:
Inability to speak words, utter Inability to speak words, utter coherent speechcoherent speech
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Broca’s AreaBroca’s Area
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
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Language & the Brain Wernicke’s Area:Wernicke’s Area:
Comprehension of language Comprehension of language (inputs)(inputs)
Wernicke’s Aphasia:Wernicke’s Aphasia:
Inability to understand Inability to understand language/wordslanguage/words
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Wernike’s Area
RegionsModified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
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This activity was called the Stroop Test
Today’s Goal Today’s Goal Explain brain Explain brain lateralization (specialization of lateralization (specialization of left & right hemispheres) and the left & right hemispheres) and the effects of the split-brain studieseffects of the split-brain studies
How do our hemispheres work together? How do our hemispheres work together? What happens when they can’t?What happens when they can’t?
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Hemispheres of the Hemispheres of the BrainBrain
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Does Hand Preference relate to Hemispheric Dominance? NO
Right-handed? Left-handed?
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Corpus Callosum – nerve Corpus Callosum – nerve fibers that connect left and fibers that connect left and right hemispheresright hemispheres
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The Split-Brain ExperimentsThe Split-Brain Experiments 1960’s, Roger Sperry1960’s, Roger Sperry
Treatment for epilepsyTreatment for epilepsy In his operations, the entire corpus callosum In his operations, the entire corpus callosum
was severed was severed
What effects on behavior/cognition What effects on behavior/cognition do you think this might do you think this might have????have????
"The great pleasure and feeling in my right brain is more than my left brain can find the words to tell you.“ ~Roger Sperry
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The Split-Brain Experiments Michael Gazzaniga continued
experiments
Right vision field is connected to the left
hemisphere. Left vision field is
connected to the right hemisphere.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfGwsAdS9Dc
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Split-Brain Operations Today Only sever portion of corpus Only sever portion of corpus
callosum callosum (splenium remains intact)(splenium remains intact)
Split brain patients learn very Split brain patients learn very quickly how to keep both sides in quickly how to keep both sides in communicationcommunication
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The Two-Brain MythThe Two-Brain Myth There is no activity to which only one There is no activity to which only one
hemisphere makes a contribution.hemisphere makes a contribution.While they “specialize” in areas, the areas are not While they “specialize” in areas, the areas are not
completely exclusive to one hemicompletely exclusive to one hemi Logic not completely confined to left Logic not completely confined to left
hemispherehemispherePeople with damage to right hemi. show more People with damage to right hemi. show more
deficits in logic than damage to left hemi.deficits in logic than damage to left hemi. It is impossible to educate one hemisphere at It is impossible to educate one hemisphere at
a time.a time. There is no evidence that people are purely There is no evidence that people are purely
“left-brained” or “right-brained”“left-brained” or “right-brained”