Download - Today's Agenda
Today's Agenda
Bellwork
Announcements
Questions
Bellwork Review
Group Work
Socratic Discussion
Assessment/Closure
Our Standard Today
W.6 Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities. (C, E, G)
W.7 Explain the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy including the reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in England. (E, G, H)
W.8 Write an informative piece analyzing the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the responses to it, including Utopianism, Social Democracy, Socialism and Communism, Adam Smith, Robert Owen, and Karl Marx. (C, E, H, P)
Our Objective
Industrial Revolution 1750-1914
We will analyze the emergence and effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.
Cities begin to Form
http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm
Production begins to grow
Industrial Revolution, 1700 - 1900
The Industrial Revolution begins in Britain, spreads to other countries, and has a strong impact on economics, politics, and society.
Why Industrial Revolution Began in England (mid 1700s)
Industrialization—move to machine production of goods
Britain has natural resources—coal, iron, rivers, harbors
Britain has all needed factors of production—land, labor, capital
Britain has political stability
Inventions Spur Industrialization
Changes in the Textile IndustryWeavers work faster with flying shuttles and spinning jennies
Water frame, power loom, speed production
Factories—buildings that contain machinery for manufacturing
Improvements in Transportation
James Watt’s Steam EngineNeed for cheap, convenient power spurs development of steam engine
Watt is #25 on Millennium List
Water TransportationRobert Fulton builds first steamboat; England’s water transport improved by canals
The Railway Age Begins
Steam-Driven Locomotives1804, first steam-driven locomotive1825, first railroad line
Railroads Revolutionize Life in BritainRailroads spur industrial growth, create jobs
Cheaper transportation boosts many industries; people move to cities
George Stephenson's Rocket locomotive. Photograph, 19th century.
Industrialization Case Study: Manchester
Factories pay more than farms, spur demand for more expensive goods
Urbanization—city-building and movement of people to cities
Factory pollution fouls air, poisons river
Sickness widespread in urban slums; lack sanitary and building codes
Working Conditions
Average working day 14 hours for 6 days a week
Dirty, poorly lit factories injure workers
Many coal miners killed by coal dust
Children as young as 6 work in factories; many are injured
The job of this young "tipple boy" was to unload coal cars by tipping them over. Photograph. West Virginia, Lewis Hine.
Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Immediate BenefitsCreates jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological progress
Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve
Workers eventually win shorter hours, better wages and conditions
Long-Term EffectsImproved living and working conditions still evident today
Governments use increased tax revenues for urban improvements
The industrialization that begins in Great Britain spreads to other parts of the world.
Industrialization in the United StatesBegins in early 19th century but picks up post-Civil War. U.S. has natural and labor resources needed to industrialize
Troubles in Continental EuropeRevolution and Napoleonic wars disrupted early 19th-century economy
Eventually, Belgium, Germany, Northern Italy, and France industrialize
The Impact of Industrialization
Rise of Global InequalityWealth gap widens; non-industrialized countries fall further behind
European nations, U.S., Japan exploit colonies for resources
Imperialism spreads due to need for raw materials, markets
Transformation of SocietyEurope and U.S. gain economic power African and Asian economies lag, based on agriculture and crafts.
Rise of middle class strengthens democracy, calls for social reform
Charles Dickens: From Poor House to MansionCharles Dickens’s childhood experience as a factory worker influenced his writing and helped bring about reform during the Industrial Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution leads to economic, social, and political reforms
The Philosophers of Industrialization
Laissez faire—economic policy of not interfering with businesses
Originates with Enlightenment economic philosophers
Adam Smith—defender of free markets, author of The Wealth of Nations
Believes economic liberty guarantees economic progress
Economic natural laws—self-interest, competition, supply and demand
Mercantilism vs Free Market 1500-1776
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bouw3MvmrYM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUco5NSAiRI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCRNI04tnN8\
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhWgDVS-AdA
The Economists of Capitalism
Thomas Malthus & David Ricardo boost laissez-faire capitalism
Capitalism—system of privately owned businesses seeking profits
The Rise of Socialism
UtilitarianismJeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism—judge things by their usefulness
John Stuart Mill favors regulation to help workers, spread wealth
SocialismSocialism—factors of production owned by, operated for the people
Socialists think government control can end poverty, bring equality
Marxism: Radical Socialism
Karl Marx—German journalist proposes a radical Socialism
Friedrich Engels—German whose father owns a Manchester textile mill
The Communist ManifestoMarx and Engels believe society is divided into warring classes
Capitalism helps “haves,” the employers known as the bourgeoisie
Hurts “have-nots,” the workers known as the Proletariat. Marx, Engels predict the workers will overthrow the owners
The Future According to MarxMarx believes that capitalism will eventually destroy itself
Inequality would cause workers to revolt, seize factories and mills
Communism—society where people own, share the means of production
Marx’s ideas later take root in Russia, China, Cuba
Video Time
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SWZEawf8ag
The “Industrial” Revolution Today
Smaller, More Powerful ComputersComputer components miniaturized due partly to space program
Computers can fit in hands, instead of needing a whole room
Computers now commonplace in factories, offices, vehicles, homes
Bill Gates, #41 on Millennium List
Communications Network
Internet—linkage of computer networks spanning the world
Internet use soars from 26 to 600 million people from 1995–2002
Internet greatly affects business, speeding up flow of information
Technology Revolutionizes the World’s Economy
Advances in IndustryProgress in science leads to new industries
Technological advances change industrial processes
Production costs are lower; quality and speed of production increase
Information Industries Change EconomiesNew technologies reduce need for factory workers
Using computers, information industries enjoy great growth
The Effects of New Economies
Post-war boom benefits many nations; causes shifts in economic bases
Developed nations—nations with advanced business infrastructures
Emerging nations—nations in the process of becoming industrialized
Manufacturing moves to emerging nations with cheap, eager labor
Information industries multiply in developed nations
FYI: In August 2010, after three decades of spectacular growth, China passed Japan to become the world’s second-largest economy behind the United States.
Experts say unseating Japan—and in recent years passing Germany, France and Great Britain—underscores China’s growing clout and bolsters forecasts that China will pass the United States as the world’s biggest economy as early as 2030. America’s gross domestic product (GDP) was $14 trillion in 2009.
Video Time
Your Generation versus My Generation
Our Standard Today
W.6 Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities. (C, E, G)
W.7 Explain the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy including the reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in England. (E, G, H)
W.8 Write an informative piece analyzing the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the responses to it, including Utopianism, Social Democracy, Socialism and Communism, Adam Smith, Robert Owen, and Karl Marx. (C, E, H, P)
Our Objective
Industrial Revolution 1750-1914
We will analyze the emergence and effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.