-
Tobacco and China A Complex Challenge By Ayda A. Yurekli, Ph.DWorld Bank, Washington DCMinisterial Level Economics of Tobacco Control Seminar, Beijing, China November 2000
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Why should governments intervene?Large and growing number of deaths from smoking World: Annual Tobacco deaths (in millions)Source: Peto, Lopez, and others 1997; WDR 199320002030Developed 2 ~3Developing ~2 ~7World Total 4 ~101 in 2 of long-term smokers killed by their addiction1/2 of deaths in middle age (35-69)
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With current smoking patterns, tobacco will eventually cause more than 2 million deaths each year in China
Chart4
181981
181982
191983
201984
211985
221986
251987
271988
291989
3019
3121
3322
3423
3423
3524
19961996
19971997
19981998
19991999
20002000
Sales Billions
Lung Cancer
Billions of sales
Rates (1/100,000)
Tobacco Sales and Lung Cancer Rate in China
Sheet1
China smoking rates by education in 1996Regular smoking prevalence by income level% of Smoking Initiation by Age
MaleFemaleMaleFemaleMale&FemaleSales BillionsLung Cancer
no schooling69.77.6
-
Increase in domestic cigarette sales has slowed in 1990s
Chart9
6150
8625
9425
8875
9125
10750
11750
13825
13125
6125
6425
8125
9775
11600
12750
13300
12275
16325
16800
17975
20125
22025
21650
24025
26400
28725
29475
33800
39825
43750
43975
50100
57125
63700
68150
71150
77075
79875
81150
81550
81622.5
82170.1
82301.4
83012.5
82973.85
83100
83380.41425
packs (million)
Source: China Statistical Year Book 1993, 1998, USDA, China Tobacco Report 1999
million packs of 20 cigarettes
Cigarette Sales in China 1952-1998
Urban income groups
Urban HH annual purchase of cigarettes/pack per capita 1992Urban HH annual purchase of cigarettes/pack per capita 1998
low income27.5127.31
medium-low income31.527.05
Medium-income33.5827.73
Medium-high income35.3827.57
high income36.8128.6
Highest income45.0931.79
Urban income groups
00
00
00
00
00
00
1992
1998
Urban HH annual purchase of cigarettes/pack per capita 1992
Urban HH annual purchase of cigarettes/pack per capita 1998
Pack/capita
Urban HH Annual Purchase of Cigarettes 1992-1998
Urban tobacco expenditure
Urban HH Annual disposable income per capita Yuan 1992Urban HH annual living tobacco expenditure per capita 1992, yuan
Beijing2556.1251.81
Tianjin2238.3857.38
Hebei187244.65
Shanxi1622.8464.51
Inner Mongolia1494.9242.36
Liaoning1948.9456.44
Jiling1636.9729.05
Heilongjiang1630.2828.79
Shanghai3026.5867.86
Jiangsu2138.3464.3
Zhejiang2619.1688.88
Anjui1807.8471.27
Fujian2282.8262.38
Jiangxi1528.341.58
Shandong1974.4940.88
Henan1608.0351.13
Hubei1883.1162.6
Hunan2094.4153.02
Guangdong3476.746.19
Guangxi2103.8329.7
Hainan2318.1242.65
Sichuna2001.2963.35
Guizhou1899.6374.66
Yunnan2075.965.21
Tibet2561.22142.57
Shaanxi1717.7649.72
Gansu1707.7869.06
Qinghai1806.4879.84
Ningxia1820.758.99
Xinjiang1951.930.24
Urban tobacco expenditure
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
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00
00
00
00
00
00
00
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Urban HH Annual disposable income per capita Yuan 1992
Urban HH annual living tobacco expenditure per capita 1992, yuan
production
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Urban HH annual living tobacco expenditure per capita 1992, yuan
dsdsd
Sheet1
Output of major industria (cigarettes (1,000 cases)) products by region 1992Major cigarette production by region (million packs)Output of tobacco crops by region 1992 1000 tnOutput of tobacco crops by region 2000 1000 tnOutput of major industria (cigarettes (1,000 cases)) products by region 1992Output of major farm crops by region 1992 1000 tn tobacco
Jiling6601650Heilongjiang13695
Heilongjiang7731932.5Shandong163107
Jiangsu8182045Shaanxi16497
Zhejiang836.42091Hubei172117
Fujian846.62116.5Hunan232155
Shanghai859.22148Sichuan283123
Guangxi1040.42601Henan458304
Hebei1170.12925.25Guizhou470370
Shaanxi1389.83474.5Yunnan788569
Guangdong15393847.5Beijing
Sichuna1976.64941.5Tianjin
Guizhou2028.95072.25Shanghai
Anjui2063.35158.25Tibet
Hubei2162.85407Qinghai
Shandong2262.15655.25Ningxia
Hunan2360.25900.5
Henan2987.17467.75
Yunnan4661.711654.25
Tibet
Sheet1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Major cigarette production by region (million packs)
million packs of 20 cigarettes
Major cigarette producing regions in 1992
consumption&price
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Output of tobacco crops by region 1992 1000 tn
1000 tn
Major raw tobacco producing regions in 1992
rural and urban consumption
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1992
2000
Output of tobacco crops by region 1992 1000 tn
Output of tobacco crops by region 2000 1000 tn
1000 tn.
Major raw tobacco producing regions in 1992 and 2000
Sheet3
Retail sales of cigarettesConsumption of Cigarettes by Urban and Rural Residents
Per capita consumption of cigarettes packsQuantitiy (1 million cases)Value (1 billion) yuanMixed average retail prices of cigarettes (cases) YuanOverall retail price index 1950=100National total volume (1,000 cases)Urban total volume (1,000 cases)Rural total volume (1,000 cases)Per capita national total (pack)Urban per capita (pack)Rural per capita (pack)Mixed average purchasing prices of tobacco flue-cured Yuan/ 100kgUrban HH annual purchase of cigarettes per capita/packsUrban HH annual purchase of cigarettes packs per capita by percentile of HH 1992Urban HH Annual disposable income per capita Yuan 1992Urban HH annual living tobacco expenditure per capita 1992, yuanOutput of major industria (cigarettes (1,000 cases)) products by region 1992Output of major farm crops by region 1992 1000 tn tobaccoMajor farm crops output per hectare by region 1992 (kg/ha) flue-cured tobaccoretail sales of cigarettes (1000 cases) by region 1992Staff and workers of light industry (incl.cigarettes0 by region 1,000 persons 1992rural HH Net income per capita by region yuanBasic indicators of rural HH % of HH by per capita annual net incomeOutput of major farm crops per hectare Kg/haOutput of major industiral product cigarettes (1,000,000 cases)Output of major farm crops flue-cured tobacco 1,000 tnRetail sales of cigarettes (1,000 cases)Purchases flue-cured tobacco 1000 tn
195210.919522.460.9319523771951112.2195224651035143010.937.37.2124198536.12Total average33.0319781980198519881989199019911992198019851989199019911992flue-cured tobaccoTobacco leaf export
195716.919533.451.4319534141952111.8195334591384207514.946.910.2140.2198836.86Total first decile25Nationwide2026.5954.2832846.83499168727381133.57191.33397.6544.94601.51686.31708.55783.9920000.161.462.112.594.061984216019604.491861981175001259
198348.9719654.642.3219655001964138.3196546461800284616.1536.7211.92Anjui1807.8471.272063.38914791038953101.7184.82369.41485.53515.66539.16446.05573.581985192019612.54961982175931761
198455.119665.12.4519664801965134.6196651061889321717.339.4813.01Fujian2282.8262.38846.6901398680962134.9171.74396.45613.41697.34764.41850.05984.11986153019622.441291983200431104
198560.6119675.322.6619675001966134.2196753202089323117.6142.0412.8Jiangxi1528.341.58494.9461230261715180.94377.31488.16558.64669.9702.53768.411987178519633.232341984228501488
198663.919684.912.4619685001967133.2196849152124279115.8542.2810.74Shandong1974.4940.882262.1163176317541998101.2194.33408.12583.74630.56680.18764.04802.91988180019644.133241985254831779
198765.6519696.533.2719695001968133.31969653624624074205048.3415.21Henan1608.0351.132987.1458164516611288101.4160.78329.37401.32457.06526.95539.29588.481989160519654.783721986272671232
198869.9819706.723.3619705001969131.8197067202298442220.5243.0416.13Hubei1883.1162.62162.817215777501410106.5169.88421.24497.84571.84670.8626.92677.821990168019665.45761987284681398
198969.8919717.193.619715001970131.5197171902569462121.3845.7716.49Hunan2094.4153.022360.223217571059950134.4219.71395.26515.35558.34664.24688.91739.421991171019674.95671988308352113
199071.4919728.054.0319725001971130.5197280592896516323.3751.4917.89Guangdong3476.746.1915398616155422369182.3274.37495.31808.7955.021043.031143.061307.651992168719685.214411989312732048
199170.8619738.815.1419735831972130.2197388183210560824.9956.3518.95Guangxi2103.8329.71040.4741553601566173.68302.96424.23483.04639.45657.74731.6919696.774451990324601943
199270.0219748.665.2519746061973131197486633839482424.0566.2415.96Hainan2318.1242.651001155345102566.6674.27696.22730.08842.7919707.833991991326162383
19759.615.9819756221974131.7197596154204541126.2271.4317.57Sichuna2001.2963.351976.6283158025131604116.7187.9315.07448.85494.07557.76590.21634.3119717.014581992326492761
197610.566.5219766171975131.91976105644735582928.3678.0618.69Guizhou1899.6374.662028.94701533470280108161.46287.83397.74430.34435.14465.53506.1319727.455231993
197711.497.2419776301976132.31977114925184630830.4380.0420.16Yunnan2075.965.214661.778820971332347123.9150.12338.34427.72477.89540.86572.58617.9819738.46613
197811.797.42197862919771351978117985290650830.8277.5720.66Tibet2561.22142.572097927352.97374.41397.25649.71706.67829.6619748.72588
197913.529.3119799891978135.91979135225560796234.8679.1825.06Shaanxi1717.7649.721389.81641625834606142.49295.26404.14433.67530.8533.96558.7919759.92701
198015.9310.7219806731979138.61980159326300963240.5687.1630.05Gansu1707.7869.0629551230420230698.4153.33255.22339.88365.89430.98446.42489.4719769.82837
198117.513.5519817381980146.919811750068251067543.9792.1332.96Qinghai1806.4879.842723047775342.95492.82457.52559.78555.56603.4197712.11971
198217.5914.9319829021981150.419821759367731082043.6389.1233.06Ningxia1820.758.995207510777178.06321.17472.48521.9578.13589.98591.01197811.821052
198320.0417.8919839741982153.319832004370151302849.1290.439.41Xinjiang1951.930.2412131420187337198.01394.3496.49545.61683.47703.17740.44197913.03806
198422.8520.95198410021983155.619842285073261552455.4793.2446.57198015.2717
198525.4828.7919851130198416019852548381681731561.25101.8351.56198117.041279
198627.2632.01198612681985174.119862726785671870064.73104.4955.12198218.851848
198728.4640.54198713331986184.519872846890951937366.33106.2156.39198319.381151
198830.8354.1719881946198719819883083595252131070.82108.4261.32198421.321543
198919902720.61988234.61990198523.72075
199032.4668.87419913015.819891991198625.961374
199132.6276.7519923343.719901992198728.811636
199232.65108.4131993198830.962337
19931994198931.952405
19941995199032.982259
19951996199132.262670
19961997199232.853119
19971998
1998
Ayda A. Yurekli:including state list retail prices and negotiated prices are obtained by dividing the value of retail sales of each commodity by the quantity sold, one case contains 50,000 cigarettes. Cases of cigarettes
Per capita consumption national total (pack)Mixed average retail prices of cigarettes (cases) YuanAverage retail prices of cigarettes/ packOverall retail price index 1950=100Real retail price of cigarettes/packPer capita consumption (pack)Average retail prices of cigarettes/ packReal retail price of cigarettes/packPer capita consumption (pack)Billion piecesValue billion yuanper capita/pack
195210.919523770.15081952111.80.134883720910.919520.150.1310.91990155052.5
195314.919534140.16561953115.60.143252595214.919530.170.1414.91991159053.8
195415.919544150.1661954118.30.140321217215.919540.170.1415.91992161055.2
195514.619554420.17681955119.50.147949790814.619550.180.1514.61993164762.1
195614.719564330.17321956119.50.144937238514.719560.170.1414.71994167266.5
195716.919574430.17721957121.30.14608408916.919570.180.1516.91995169370.1
19581819584430.17721958121.60.14572368421819580.180.15181996171173.6
195920.919593930.15721959122.70.128117359420.919590.160.1320.9
196019.819603750.151960126.50.118577075119.819600.150.1219.8PopulationCPI, 1995=100
19619.319613890.155619611470.10585034019.319610.160.119.31990
19629.719623960.15841962152.60.10380078649.719620.160.109.71991
196311.919635000.21963143.60.13927576611.919630.200.1411.91992
19641419645000.21964138.30.14461315981419640.200.14141993
196516.1519655000.21965134.60.148588410116.1519650.200.1516.151994
196617.319664800.1921966134.20.143070044717.319660.190.1417.31995
196717.6119675000.21967133.20.150150150217.6119670.200.1517.611996
196815.8519685000.21968133.30.150037509415.8519680.200.1515.85
196920.519695000.21969131.80.151745068320.519690.200.1520.5
197020.5219705000.21970131.50.152091254820.5219700.200.1520.52
197121.3819715000.21971130.50.15325670521.3819710.200.1521.38
197223.3719725000.21972130.20.15360983123.3719720.200.1523.37
197324.9919735830.233219731310.178015267224.9919730.230.1824.99
197424.0519746060.24241974131.70.184054669724.0519740.240.1824.05
197526.2219756220.24881975131.90.188627748326.2219750.250.1926.22
197628.3619766170.24681976132.30.186545729428.3619760.250.1928.36
197730.4319776300.25219771350.186666666730.4319770.250.1930.43
197830.8219786290.25161978135.90.185136129530.8219780.250.1930.82
197934.8619796890.27561979138.60.198845598834.8619790.280.2034.86
198040.5619806730.26921980146.90.183253914240.5619800.270.1840.56
198143.9719817380.29521981150.40.196276595743.9719810.300.2043.97
198243.6319829020.36081982153.30.235355512143.6319820.360.2443.63
198349.1219839740.38961983155.60.250385604149.1219830.390.2549.12
198455.47198410020.400819841600.250555.4719840.400.2555.47
198561.25198511300.4521985174.10.259620907561.2519850.450.2661.25
198664.73198612680.50721986184.50.274905149164.7319860.510.2764.73
198766.33198713330.533219871980.269292929366.3319870.530.2766.33
198870.82198819460.77841988234.60.331798806570.8219880.780.3370.82
199071.4919902720.61.088241990282.20.385627214771.4919891.090.3969.89
199170.8619913015.81.206321991290.40.41539944970.8619901.210.4271.49
199270.0219923343.71.337481992306.10.436942175870.0219911.340.4470.86
199270.02
198969.89199369.73
199469.11
1989276.4199568.99
199668.27
199767.72
199867.32
Ayda A. Yurekli:including state list retail prices and negotiated prices are obtained by dividing the value of retail sales of each commodity by the quantity sold, one case contains 50,000 cigarettes. Cases of cigarettes
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Average retail price/pack
Real retail price/pack
Per capita consumption (pack)
Average retail prices of cigarettes/ pack
Real retail price of cigarettes/pack
Per capita consumption (pack)
Average price/pack
Per capita consumption/pack
Cigarette consumption, retail nominal and real price of cigarettes in China, 1952-1992
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Per capita consumption/pack
Average retail price/pack
Real Average retail price/pack
Average retail prices of cigarettes/ pack
Real retail price of cigarettes/pack
Per capita consumption (pack)
Source: China trade price statistics 1989, China Statistical year book 1993-1998
Average price/pack
Per capita consumption/pack
Cigarette consumption (1952-98), retail nominal and real price of cigarettes in China, 1952-1992
Consumption of Cigarettes by Urban and Rural Residents
National total volume (1,000 cases)Urban total volume (1,000 cases)Rural total volume (1,000 cases)Per capita national total (pack)Urban per capita (pack)Rural per capita (pack)per capita annual purchase in urban households packs of cigarettestotal (10,000)urban populationRural population
195224651035143010.937.37.257482716350319
195334591384207514.946.910.2
195437701440233015.944.911.3
195535581368219014.640.910.5
195636551450220514.738.410.5
195743081710259816.942.812.164653994954704
19584704202726771843.512.5
195955322174335820.941.815.8
196052522668258419.848.312.3
1961245514809759.328.54.6
19622572133712359.728.85.6672951165955636
196332531659159411.936.87
196439151871204414408.8
196546461800284616.1536.7211.92725381304559493
196651061889321717.339.4813.01
196753202089323117.6142.0412.8
196849152124279115.8542.2810.74
1969653624624074205048.3415.21
197067202298442220.5243.0416.13829921442468568
197171902569462121.3845.7716.49
197280592896516323.3751.4917.89
197388183210560824.9956.3518.95
197486633839482424.0566.2415.96
197596154204541126.2271.4317.57924201603076390
1976105644735582928.3678.0618.69
1977114925184630830.4380.0420.16
1978117985290650830.8277.5720.66962561724579014
1979135225560796234.8679.1825.06
1980159326300963240.5687.1630.05987051914079565
19811750068251067543.9792.1332.96
19821759367731082043.6389.1233.06
19832004370151302849.1290.439.41
19842285073261552455.4793.2446.57
19852548381681731561.25101.8351.5636.1290639528001058512509480757
19862726785671870064.73104.4955.121075072636681141
19872846890951937366.33106.2156.391093002767481626
19883083595252131070.82108.4261.3236.861110262866182365
198971.4134.241127042954083164
199071.4935.121143333019184142
199170.8634.691158233054385280
199270.0633.031171713237284799
199369.731185173335185166
199469.111198503430185549
199568.9928.581211213517485947
199668.2727.71223893595086439
199767.7228.171236263698986637
199867.3227.251248103794286868
1988476250000000621485124000211288892000
2381250000004225777840002.819213732
84.872.9413998915
1088499011.57865
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Urban per capita (pack)
Rural per capita (pack)
Per capita consumption/pack
Urban and Rural Per Capita Cigarette Consumption in China1952-1988
Retail sales of cigarettes50000000000Per capita consumption
Quantitiy (1 million cases)piecespacks (million)Population, totalPer capita consumption of cigarettes packs
19522.461230000000006150574820000195210.9
19533.451725000000008625587960000195716.9
19543.77188500000000942560266000019629.7
19553.551775000000008875614650000
19563.651825000000009125628280000
19574.321500000000010750646530000
19584.723500000000011750659940000
19595.5327650000000013825672070000
19605.252625000000001312566707000019.7
19612.4512250000000061256603300009.3
19622.5712850000000064256657700009.7
19633.25162500000000812568233000011.9
19643.91195500000000977569836000014.0
19654.642320000000001160071519000016.2196516.15
19665.12550000000001275073540000017.3
19675.322660000000001330075455000017.6
19684.912455000000001227577451000015.8
19696.533265000000001632579603000020.5
19706.723360000000001680081832000020.5197020.52
19717.193595000000001797584111000021.4
19728.054025000000002012586203000023.3
19738.814405000000002202588194000025.0
19748.664330000000002165090035000024.0
19759.614805000000002402591640000026.2197526.22
197610.565280000000002640093068000028.4197628.36
197711.495745000000002872594345000030.4197730.43
197811.795895000000002947595616000030.8197830.82
197913.526760000000003380096900000034.9197934.86
198015.937965000000003982598124000040.6198040.56
198117.58750000000004375099386000044.0198143.97
198217.5987950000000043975100860000043.6198243.61
198320.04100200000000050100102330000049.0198348.97
198422.85114250000000057125103680000055.1198455.1
198525.48127400000000063700105100000060.6198560.61
198627.26136300000000068150106680000063.9198663.9
198728.46142300000000071150108400000065.6198765.65
198830.83154150000000077075110160000070.0198869.98
1989159750000000079875111860000071.4198969.89
199032.46162300000000081150113520000071.5199071.49
199132.62163100000000081550115080000070.9199170.86
199232.649163245000000081623116500000070.1199270.02
1993164340200000082170117840000069.7
1994164602800000082301119090000069.1
1995166025000000083013120330000069.0
1996165947700000082974121540000068.3
1997166200000000083100122720000067.7
1998166760828500083380123860000067.3
World Bank User:production+import-export of 1998
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
packs (million)
Source: China Statistical Year Book 1993, 1998, USDA, China Tobacco Report 1999
million packs of 20 cigarettes
Cigarette Sales in China 1952-1998
-
China Smoked 32% of the Global cigarettes in 1999
Chart1
0.4727379385
0.3197538748
0.0861198878
0.1213882989
Distribution of Cigarette Consumption in 1999
China32%
Rest of the World 47%
EU(16)12%
US 9%
Sheet1
China smoking rates by education in 1996Regular smoking prevalence by income level% of Smoking Initiation by AgeIndustrial and commercial tobacco tax revenue1000MT
MaleFemaleMaleFemaleMale&FemaleSales BillionsLung CancerMillions of packsPacks per capitaNominal priceReal Priceconsumption/packReal price/packNet Unmanufactured Trade BalanceNet Cigarette Trade BalanceNet Tobacco Trade BalanceTax revenue billion Yuan% share in total tax199911923.44Major leaf production (1000MT)199119921993199519961997199819992000
no schooling69.77.6
-
Chinese women pick up the smoking habit as they get older
Chart2
16.30.3
50.70.6
63.91.2
67.31.7
69.22.3
693
68.34
66.85.6
63.58.2
59.69.8
57.112.4
535.7
Men
Women
Source: 1996 National Prevalence Survey of Smoking Pattern
% of smokers
Smoking Prevalence by Sex and Age in China, 1996
Sheet1
China smoking rates by education in 1996Regular smoking prevalence by income level% of Smoking Initiation by AgeIndustrial and commercial tobacco tax revenue1000MTPrevalenceRegular smokers in 1996
MaleFemaleMaleFemaleMale&FemaleSales BillionsLung CancerMillions of packsPacks per capitaNominal priceReal Priceconsumption/packReal price/packNet Unmanufactured Trade BalanceNet Cigarette Trade BalanceNet Tobacco Trade BalanceTax revenue billion Yuan% share in total tax199911923.44Major leaf production (1000MT)199119921993199519961997199819992000MenWomen
no schooling69.77.6
-
Smoking Addiction Starts Early in Age
Chart3
14.9
17.3
18.6
19.1
19.7
20.1
20.9
21.8
22.1
22.2
22.6
19.2
Male&Female
age of start
Smoking Initiation by Age in China, 1996
Sheet1
China smoking rates by education in 1996Regular smoking prevalence by income level% of Smoking Initiation by Age
MaleFemaleMaleFemaleMale&Female
no schooling69.77.6
-
At first, cigarettes are considered rich mens product but rich men reduces consumption more
Chart1
27.5127.31
31.527.05
33.5827.73
35.3827.57
36.8128.6
45.0931.79
1992
1998
Urban HH annual purchase of cigarettes/pack per capita 1992
Urban HH annual purchase of cigarettes/pack per capita 1998
Pack/capita
Urban HH Annual Purchase of Cigarettes 1992-1998
Urban income groups
Urban HH annual purchase of cigarettes/pack per capita 1992Urban HH annual purchase of cigarettes/pack per capita 1998
low income27.5127.31
medium-low income31.527.05
Medium-income33.5827.73
Medium-high income35.3827.57
high income36.8128.6
Highest income45.0931.79
Urban income groups
00
00
00
00
00
00
1992
1998
Urban HH annual purchase of cigarettes/pack per capita 1992
Urban HH annual purchase of cigarettes/pack per capita 1998
Pack/capita
Urban HH Annual Purchase of Cigarettes 1992-1998
Urban tobacco expenditure
Urban HH Annual disposable income per capita Yuan 1992Urban HH annual living tobacco expenditure per capita 1992, yuan
Beijing2556.1251.81
Tianjin2238.3857.38
Hebei187244.65
Shanxi1622.8464.51
Inner Mongolia1494.9242.36
Liaoning1948.9456.44
Jiling1636.9729.05
Heilongjiang1630.2828.79
Shanghai3026.5867.86
Jiangsu2138.3464.3
Zhejiang2619.1688.88
Anjui1807.8471.27
Fujian2282.8262.38
Jiangxi1528.341.58
Shandong1974.4940.88
Henan1608.0351.13
Hubei1883.1162.6
Hunan2094.4153.02
Guangdong3476.746.19
Guangxi2103.8329.7
Hainan2318.1242.65
Sichuna2001.2963.35
Guizhou1899.6374.66
Yunnan2075.965.21
Tibet2561.22142.57
Shaanxi1717.7649.72
Gansu1707.7869.06
Qinghai1806.4879.84
Ningxia1820.758.99
Xinjiang1951.930.24
Urban tobacco expenditure
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
&A
Page &P
Urban HH Annual disposable income per capita Yuan 1992
Urban HH annual living tobacco expenditure per capita 1992, yuan
production
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Urban HH annual living tobacco expenditure per capita 1992, yuan
dsdsd
Sheet9
Output of major industria (cigarettes (1,000 cases)) products by region 1992Major cigarette production by region (million packs)Output of tobacco crops by region 1992 1000 tnOutput of tobacco crops by region 2000 1000 tnOutput of major industria (cigarettes (1,000 cases)) products by region 1992Output of major farm crops by region 1992 1000 tn tobacco
Jiling6601650Heilongjiang13695
Heilongjiang7731932.5Shandong163107
Jiangsu8182045Shaanxi16497
Zhejiang836.42091Hubei172117
Fujian846.62116.5Hunan232155
Shanghai859.22148Sichuan283123
Guangxi1040.42601Henan458304
Hebei1170.12925.25Guizhou470370
Shaanxi1389.83474.5Yunnan788569
Guangdong15393847.5Beijing
Sichuna1976.64941.5Tianjin
Guizhou2028.95072.25Shanghai
Anjui2063.35158.25Tibet
Hubei2162.85407Qinghai
Shandong2262.15655.25Ningxia
Hunan2360.25900.5
Henan2987.17467.75
Yunnan4661.711654.25
Tibet
Sheet9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Major cigarette production by region (million packs)
Source: China Statistical Yearbook 1993
million packs of 20 cigarettes
Major cigarette producing regions in 1992
smuggling
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Output of tobacco crops by region 1992 1000 tn
1000 tn
Major raw tobacco producing regions in 1992
consumption&price
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1992
2000
Output of tobacco crops by region 1992 1000 tn
Output of tobacco crops by region 2000 1000 tn
Source: USDA Chines Tobacco Trade Report 1999, China Statistical Yearbook, 1993
1000 tn.
Major raw tobacco producing regions in 1992 and 2000
rural and urban consumption
Country CodeExpenditure or Revenue CodeGovernment Level CodeCountry NameExp./ Rev. DescriptionGovernment Code DescriptionIMF DescriptionScale198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997
CHN81...ZGChinaTOTAL REVENUE & GRANTS (A.I; OR A.II + A.VII)CENTRAL GOVT, BUDGETARY ACCTSI TOTAL REV.& GRANTS(II+VII)9.9165409996800162769993728167519993856163940007936354759999488391560003584433370005504492650004480
CHN81EG.ZGChinaEXCISES (A5.2)CENTRAL GOVT, BUDGETARY ACCTS5.2 EXCISES9.9931999948886700001288040000000575000012851680002048558500003846387999948870080004096
CHN81Y..ZGChinaTOTAL REVENUE (A.II; OR A.III + A.VI)CENTRAL GOVT, BUDGETARY ACCTSII TOTAL REVENUE (III+VI)9.9117190000640113739997184111659999232103909998592297750003712330560012288372979990528432269983744
CHN81YA.ZGChinaTAX REVENUE (A.IV)CENTRAL GOVT, BUDGETARY ACCTSIV TAX REVENUE9.973410002944786200002568755000115288220000256267540004864305109991424334820016128420869996544
Country CodeExpenditure or Revenue CodeGovernment Level CodeCountry NameExp./ Rev. DescriptionGovernment Code DescriptionIMF DescriptionScale198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997
CHN81..JZGChinaTOTAL REVENUE & GRANTS (A.I; OR A.II + A.VII)STATE OR PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTA.I TOT.REV. & GRANTS(II+VII)9.9597620031488682269999104739139977216
CHN81Y.JZGChinaTOTAL REVENUE (A.II; OR A.III + A.VI)STATE OR PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTA.II TOTAL REVENUE (III+VI)9.9344330010624410019987456453469995008
CHN81YAJZGChinaTAX REVENUE (A.IV)STATE OR PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTA.IV TAX REVENUE (1-7)9.9290860007424353650016256397199998976
Sheet8
Retail sales of cigarettesConsumption of Cigarettes by Urban and Rural Residents
Per capita consumption of cigarettes packsQuantitiy (1 million cases)Value (1 billion) yuanMixed average retail prices of cigarettes (cases) YuanOverall retail price index 1950=100National total volume (1,000 cases)Urban total volume (1,000 cases)Rural total volume (1,000 cases)Per capita national total (pack)Urban per capita (pack)Rural per capita (pack)Mixed average purchasing prices of tobacco flue-cured Yuan/ 100kgUrban HH annual purchase of cigarettes per capita/packsUrban HH annual purchase of cigarettes packs per capita by percentile of HH 1992Urban HH Annual disposable income per capita Yuan 1992Urban HH annual living tobacco expenditure per capita 1992, yuanOutput of major industria (cigarettes (1,000 cases)) products by region 1992Output of major farm crops by region 1992 1000 tn tobaccoMajor farm crops output per hectare by region 1992 (kg/ha) flue-cured tobaccoretail sales of cigarettes (1000 cases) by region 1992Staff and workers of light industry (incl.cigarettes0 by region 1,000 persons 1992rural HH Net income per capita by region yuanBasic indicators of rural HH % of HH by per capita annual net incomeOutput of major farm crops per hectare Kg/haOutput of major industiral product cigarettes (1,000,000 cases)Output of major farm crops flue-cured tobacco 1,000 tnRetail sales of cigarettes (1,000 cases)Purchases flue-cured tobacco 1000 tn1996
195210.919522.460.9319523771951112.2195224651035143010.937.37.2124198536.12Total average33.0319781980198519881989199019911992198019851989199019911992flue-cured tobaccoTobacco leaf exportQ1Q2Q3Q4
195716.919533.451.4319534141952111.8195334591384207514.946.910.2140.2198836.86Total first decile25Nationwide2026.5954.2832846.83499168727381133.57191.33397.6544.94601.51686.31708.55783.9920000.161.462.112.594.061984216019604.4918619811750012591988594.3
198348.9719654.642.3219655001964138.3196546461800284616.1536.7211.92Anjui1807.8471.272063.38914791038953101.7184.82369.41485.53515.66539.16446.05573.581985192019612.549619821759317611989575.6
198455.119665.12.4519664801965134.6196651061889321717.339.4813.01Fujian2282.8262.38846.6901398680962134.9171.74396.45613.41697.34764.41850.05984.11986153019622.4412919832004311041990525.75
198560.6119675.322.6619675001966134.2196753202089323117.6142.0412.8Jiangxi1528.341.58494.9461230261715180.94377.31488.16558.64669.9702.53768.411987178519633.2323419842285014881991457.2
198663.919684.912.4619685001967133.2196849152124279115.8542.2810.74Shandong1974.4940.882262.1163176317541998101.2194.33408.12583.74630.56680.18764.04802.91988180019644.1332419852548317791992407.4
198765.6519696.533.2719695001968133.31969653624624074205048.3415.21Henan1608.0351.132987.1458164516611288101.4160.78329.37401.32457.06526.95539.29588.481989160519654.7837219862726712321993356.2
198869.9819706.723.3619705001969131.8197067202298442220.5243.0416.13Hubei1883.1162.62162.817215777501410106.5169.88421.24497.84571.84670.8626.92677.821990168019665.45761987284681398
198969.8919717.193.619715001970131.5197171902569462121.3845.7716.49Hunan2094.4153.022360.223217571059950134.4219.71395.26515.35558.34664.24688.91739.421991171019674.95671988308352113
199071.4919728.054.0319725001971130.5197280592896516323.3751.4917.89Guangdong3476.746.1915398616155422369182.3274.37495.31808.7955.021043.031143.061307.651992168719685.214411989312732048
199170.8619738.815.1419735831972130.2197388183210560824.9956.3518.95Guangxi2103.8329.71040.4741553601566173.68302.96424.23483.04639.45657.74731.6919696.774451990324601943
199270.0219748.665.2519746061973131197486633839482424.0566.2415.96Hainan2318.1242.651001155345102566.6674.27696.22730.08842.7919707.833991991326162383
19759.615.9819756221974131.7197596154204541126.2271.4317.57Sichuna2001.2963.351976.6283158025131604116.7187.9315.07448.85494.07557.76590.21634.3119717.014581992326492761
197610.566.5219766171975131.91976105644735582928.3678.0618.69Guizhou1899.6374.662028.94701533470280108161.46287.83397.74430.34435.14465.53506.1319727.455231993
197711.497.2419776301976132.31977114925184630830.4380.0420.16Yunnan2075.965.214661.778820971332347123.9150.12338.34427.72477.89540.86572.58617.9819738.46613
197811.797.42197862919771351978117985290650830.8277.5720.66Tibet2561.22142.572097927352.97374.41397.25649.71706.67829.6619748.72588
197913.529.3119799891978135.91979135225560796234.8679.1825.06Shaanxi1717.7649.721389.81641625834606142.49295.26404.14433.67530.8533.96558.7919759.92701
198015.9310.7219806731979138.61980159326300963240.5687.1630.05Gansu1707.7869.0629551230420230698.4153.33255.22339.88365.89430.98446.42489.4719769.82837
198117.513.5519817381980146.919811750068251067543.9792.1332.96Qinghai1806.4879.842723047775342.95492.82457.52559.78555.56603.4197712.11971
198217.5914.9319829021981150.419821759367731082043.6389.1233.06Ningxia1820.758.995207510777178.06321.17472.48521.9578.13589.98591.01197811.821052
198320.0417.8919839741982153.319832004370151302849.1290.439.41Xinjiang1951.930.2412131420187337198.01394.3496.49545.61683.47703.17740.44197913.03806
198422.8520.95198410021983155.619842285073261552455.4793.2446.57198015.2717
198525.4828.7919851130198416019852548381681731561.25101.8351.56198117.041279
198627.2632.01198612681985174.119862726785671870064.73104.4955.12198218.851848
198728.4640.54198713331986184.519872846890951937366.33106.2156.39198319.381151
198830.8354.1719881946198719819883083595252131070.82108.4261.32198421.321543
198919902720.61988234.61990198523.72075
199032.4668.87419913015.819891991198625.961374
199132.6276.7519923343.719901992198728.811636
199232.65108.4131993198830.962337
19931994198931.952405
19941995199032.982259
19951996199132.262670
19961997199232.853119
19971998
1998
Ayda A. Yurekli:including state list retail prices and negotiated prices are obtained by dividing the value of retail sales of each commodity by the quantity sold, one case contains 50,000 cigarettes. Cases of cigarettes
Sheet8
712
722.25
682.75
673
653.75
634
604.1
594.3
575.6
525.75
457.2
407.4
356.2
&A
Page &P
Sale of cigarettes
total tax revenue
sale of cigarettes
total tax revenue
Cigarettes Billion
source:the smuggling of tobacco products: Lessons from Canada
Tax revenue $ billion
Domestic Sale of Cigarettes and Fine-Cut Equivalents And Domestic Tobacco Tax Revenues Canada 1981-1993
Sheet3
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Smuggling crackdown begins
Hong-Kong Re-exports
direct Imports
Hong_Kong
Imports
Source: USDA, GAIN Report # CH9016
US $(000)
China Direct Imports of Cigarettes vs. Hong Kong Reexports of Cigarettes to China
Per capita consumption national total (pack)Mixed average retail prices of cigarettes (cases) YuanAverage retail prices of cigarettes/ packOverall retail price index 1950=100Real retail price of cigarettes/packPer capita consumption (pack)Average retail prices of cigarettes/ packReal retail price of cigarettes/packPer capita consumption (pack)Billion piecesValue billion yuanper capita/pack
195210.919523770.15081952111.80.134883720910.919520.150.1310.91990155052.5
195314.919534140.16561953115.60.143252595214.919530.170.1414.91991159053.8
195415.919544150.1661954118.30.140321217215.919540.170.1415.91992161055.2
195514.619554420.17681955119.50.147949790814.619550.180.1514.61993164762.1
195614.719564330.17321956119.50.144937238514.719560.170.1414.71994167266.5
195716.919574430.17721957121.30.14608408916.919570.180.1516.91995169370.1
19581819584430.17721958121.60.14572368421819580.180.15181996171173.6
195920.919593930.15721959122.70.128117359420.919590.160.1320.9
196019.819603750.151960126.50.118577075119.819600.150.1219.8PopulationCPI, 1995=100
19619.319613890.155619611470.10585034019.319610.160.119.31990
19629.719623960.15841962152.60.10380078649.719620.160.109.71991
196311.919635000.21963143.60.13927576611.919630.200.1411.91992
19641419645000.21964138.30.14461315981419640.200.14141993
196516.1519655000.21965134.60.148588410116.1519650.200.1516.151994
196617.319664800.1921966134.20.143070044717.319660.190.1417.31995
196717.6119675000.21967133.20.150150150217.6119670.200.1517.611996
196815.8519685000.21968133.30.150037509415.8519680.200.1515.85
196920.519695000.21969131.80.151745068320.519690.200.1520.5
197020.5219705000.21970131.50.152091254820.5219700.200.1520.52
197121.3819715000.21971130.50.15325670521.3819710.200.1521.38
197223.3719725000.21972130.20.15360983123.3719720.200.1523.37
197324.9919735830.233219731310.178015267224.9919730.230.1824.99
197424.0519746060.24241974131.70.184054669724.0519740.240.1824.05
197526.2219756220.24881975131.90.188627748326.2219750.250.1926.22
197628.3619766170.24681976132.30.186545729428.3619760.250.1928.36
197730.4319776300.25219771350.186666666730.4319770.250.1930.43
197830.8219786290.25161978135.90.185136129530.8219780.250.1930.82
197934.8619796890.27561979138.60.198845598834.8619790.280.2034.86
198040.5619806730.26921980146.90.183253914240.5619800.270.1840.56
198143.9719817380.29521981150.40.196276595743.9719810.300.2043.97
198243.6319829020.36081982153.30.235355512143.6319820.360.2443.63
198349.1219839740.38961983155.60.250385604149.1219830.390.2549.12
198455.47198410020.400819841600.250555.4719840.400.2555.47
198561.25198511300.4521985174.10.259620907561.2519850.450.2661.25
198664.73198612680.50721986184.50.274905149164.7319860.510.2764.73
198766.33198713330.533219871980.269292929366.3319870.530.2766.33
198870.82198819460.77841988234.60.331798806570.8219880.780.3370.82
199071.4919902720.61.088241990282.20.385627214771.4919891.090.3969.89
199170.8619913015.81.206321991290.40.41539944970.8619901.210.4271.49
199270.0219923343.71.337481992306.10.436942175870.0219911.340.4470.86
199270.02
198969.89199369.73
199469.11
1989276.4199568.99
199668.27
199767.72
199867.32
Ayda A. Yurekli:including state list retail prices and negotiated prices are obtained by dividing the value of retail sales of each commodity by the quantity sold, one case contains 50,000 cigarettes. Cases of cigarettes
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
&A
Page &P
Average retail price/pack
Real retail price/pack
Per capita consumption (pack)
Average retail prices of cigarettes/ pack
Real retail price of cigarettes/pack
Per capita consumption (pack)
Average price/pack
Per capita consumption/pack
Cigarette consumption, retail nominal and real price of cigarettes in China, 1952-1992
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
&A
Page &P
Per capita consumption/pack
Average retail price/pack
Real Average retail price/pack
Average retail prices of cigarettes/ pack
Real retail price of cigarettes/pack
Per capita consumption (pack)
Source: China trade price statistics 1989, China Statistical year book 1993-1998
Average price/pack
Per capita consumption/pack
Cigarette consumption (1952-98), retail nominal and real price of cigarettes in China, 1952-1992
Consumption of Cigarettes by Urban and Rural Residents
National total volume (1,000 cases)Urban total volume (1,000 cases)Rural total volume (1,000 cases)Per capita national total (pack)Urban per capita (pack)Rural per capita (pack)per capita annual purchase in urban households packs of cigarettestotal (10,000)urban populationRural population
195224651035143010.937.37.257482716350319
195334591384207514.946.910.2
195437701440233015.944.911.3
195535581368219014.640.910.5
195636551450220514.738.410.5
195743081710259816.942.812.164653994954704
19584704202726771843.512.5
195955322174335820.941.815.8
196052522668258419.848.312.3
1961245514809759.328.54.6
19622572133712359.728.85.6672951165955636
196332531659159411.936.87
196439151871204414408.8
196546461800284616.1536.7211.92725381304559493
196651061889321717.339.4813.01
196753202089323117.6142.0412.8
196849152124279115.8542.2810.74
1969653624624074205048.3415.21
197067202298442220.5243.0416.13829921442468568
197171902569462121.3845.7716.49
197280592896516323.3751.4917.89
197388183210560824.9956.3518.95
197486633839482424.0566.2415.96
197596154204541126.2271.4317.57924201603076390
1976105644735582928.3678.0618.69
1977114925184630830.4380.0420.16
1978117985290650830.8277.5720.66962561724579014
1979135225560796234.8679.1825.06
1980159326300963240.5687.1630.05987051914079565
19811750068251067543.9792.1332.96
19821759367731082043.6389.1233.06
19832004370151302849.1290.439.41
19842285073261552455.4793.2446.57
19852548381681731561.25101.8351.5636.1290639528001058512509480757
19862726785671870064.73104.4955.121075072636681141
19872846890951937366.33106.2156.391093002767481626
19883083595252131070.82108.4261.3236.861110262866182365
198971.4134.241127042954083164
199071.4935.121143333019184142
199170.8634.691158233054385280
199270.0633.031171713237284799
199369.731185173335185166
199469.111198503430185549
199568.9928.581211213517485947
199668.2727.71223893595086439
199767.7228.171236263698986637
199867.3227.251248103794286868
1988476250000000621485124000211288892000
2381250000004225777840002.819213732
84.872.9413998915
1088499011.57865
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Urban per capita (pack)
Rural per capita (pack)
Per capita consumption/pack
Urban and Rural Per Capita Cigarette Consumption in China1952-1988
Table 157--World tobacco production, selected countries, farm sales weight, 1960-1995
Region/country196019611962196319641965196619671968196919701971
Thousand pounds
North America:
Canada214,166209,721203,026201,143153,413168,878234,182213,094218,807247,464221,862224,962
Mexico94,799114,054105,24475,29492,43195,24092,153103,088101,413136,907138,885128,640
United States1,944,1752,061,3922,314,7822,343,7992,227,9321,854,5681,888,4971,967,9111,710,3981,804,1651,895,8741,709,952
Central America and Caribbean:
Cuba115,00099,99980,00170,00170,00169,999114,171106,851102,32579,96269,94488,183
Dominican Rep.59,52563,93455,11668,34361,72941,88844,09245,56536,15646,29749,71458,202
Guatemala3,1554,4003,9202,9594,2575,4968,5988,7596,8344,7365,3316,180
Honduras4,8156,5906,6014,9567,0997,8736,5217,4016,6149,72011,98012,432
South America:
Argentina100,156117,374117,374133,380117,859127,317108,401150,543149,418127,806160,097149,725
Brazil323,874337,702305,254411,819302,412428,693299,322319,229334,796415,214424,610432,326
Chile15,58219,45817,42314,15112,0209,39211,05012,48513,16211,60116,94511,918
Colombia54,82561,65784,79692,11191,38688,60697,55793,69691,49297,00392,59486,642
Paraguay20,94418,73938,35455,11620,50339,68319,29030,86548,50252,91139,46339,683
Venezuela20,65522,84020,78119,43818,41319,94321,49321,46625,18820,94426,26130,325
European Community:
France110,57175,38986,81491,32096,362107,475106,503104,715117,01999,570105,84296,296
Germany34,10628,93632,41941,04638,38732,57135,85231,98231,10129,95029,72931,610
Greece143,534164,436206,498283,909302,099276,140216,703255,112193,687180,197198,207188,268
Italy153,82353,356102,116143,730174,950161,936161,171191,659159,075173,460172,975166,480
Portugal000002,4982,0573,2233,3841,7351,3851,351
Spain68,96182,92072,21764,27465,01078,92551,49169,34259,29345,62763,55764,161
Other Europe:1,3941,1241,0851,1381,2649771,0781,1921,1471,2141,1551,101
FSU and Europe:
Albania17,9219,15423,40635,23230,00030,00030,00030,00030,50130,80124,25127,558
Bulgaria136,459123,163235,330231,838330,177271,801292,115260,791252,727212,085268,964264,555
Czechoslovakia10,46513,22813,82317,01720,36611,27417,63724,25122,00016,29911,68413,007
Hungary40,12437,91141,00658,86163,05240,56744,09252,91159,52560,18638,80135,904
Poland89,547101,181104,724160,168208,451114,872106,320171,330182,880199,849188,442155,047
Romania34,17239,24256,43687,96491,93176,05988,62477,16271,65052,91149,60467,021
FSU392,002295,501295,501344,360507,063469,584480,608557,769579,816529,109570,997568,792
Yugoslavia61,84033,42665,962118,344144,511118,344119,826119,05896,591101,413107,04896,514
Middle East:
Iran27,95044,53846,05230,31847,67961,62647,85455,02545,53443,07840,85844,844
Iraq27,09920,4819,87715,62930,11324,82425,05129,37725,99926,50032,99925,133
Syria13,25215,88014,6541,63825,02726,89221,47113,22318,53219,51314,71116,435
Turkey307,199223,564197,960291,414426,965291,835361,992417,245359,437323,180330,387383,298
See footnotes at end of table.(continued)
Table 157--World tobacco production, selected countries, farm sales weight, 1960-1995, continued
Region/country196019611962196319641965196619671968196919701971
Thousand pounds
Asia:
Bangladesh----------------------0
Cambodia15,65312,42312,48013,22812,50023,14623,14623,15130,19930,86035,93521,385
China1,346,052921,1701,198,4481,448,9371,598,1791,632,3481,697,4841,807,9991,614,3701,583,2141,617,6081,715,324
India643,750676,819747,367751,776793,223784,625645,954779,107812,838795,860743,169797,844
Indonesia163,479177,900152,899188,936114,640169,751194,000222,667242,500286,590240,302172,514
Japan266,830278,519306,619347,206467,750424,209435,349460,378426,369382,524331,608328,493
Laos87,360105,82284,221105,28285,80293,59975,26493,185119,050114,64080,799125,441
Malaysia24,25128,66029,76226,23522,04626,67622,92819,84222,48724,25126,45527,999
Myanmar198,103189,465224,203220,804228,403242,001302,849393,005372,603364,473347,407335,502
North Korea2,2053,3093,9685,5125,3516,0016,6018,8188,3788,8018,3788,598
Pakistan141,096132,255153,596178,023169,756143,852153,001143,278185,166200,621217,817155,426
Philippines62,08469,51277,21963,952108,683123,573158,589145,503153,656130,503124,140139,694
South Korea3,8583,9824,9435,1765,4435,0624,6454,6414,1094,2005,7878,644
Sri Lanka8,1579,0398,9998,9998,9998,99911,50215,00016,00117,63722,04820,302
Taiwan35,13534,95235,44438,38942,72335,93833,18839,09945,51245,21545,85637,055
Thailand61,68863,90863,90166,09268,16778,60478,19884,12287,98991,86097,557100,709
Vietnam------------------------
Africa:
Angola3,6463,7483,3075,29112,57715,57615,32213,88915,0009,0128,0829,811
Kenya9021,4971,3711,4771,4331,4331,4112259831,259401254
Malawi34,35226,71836,21845,69527,13450,30741,05440,54732,03526,61649,05358,297
Morocco4,4454,4094,7162,0944,9655,1063,7394,0103,3052,9377,9547,200
Nigeria29,68130,00030,00016,26128,79233,30129,08624,43627,50722,79430,01232,199
South Africa59,90057,69553,90362,30368,80660,49548,81059,90084,04083,31375,75171,518
Tanzania5,7346,6544,6035,8475,42112,14312,39918,03416,99125,66624,40326,235
Tunisia4,3672,1161,3872,0443,4413,8584,5705,2586,0874,9935,5124,491
Zaire3,5272,0391,4402,9762,5355,7326,3935,0715,5094,4004,3253,904
Zambia13,78816,18918,06018,98228,61220,53216,87411,91414,74711,79311,14413,891
Zimbabwe208,319220,284216,018182,084303,907239,933250,176186,720119,707129,603120,745144,295
Oceania:
Australia20,32729,86222,57827,14834,36625,13527,38627,90424,12334,07237,55437,761
World 3/7,480,2827,019,5167,795,5438,620,0729,252,7998,681,8018,646,5279,332,1658,875,8088,864,7858,955,1758,860,376
See footnotes at end of table.(continued)
Table 157--World tobacco production, selected countries, farm sales weight, 1960-1995, continued
Region/country197219731974197519761977197819791980198119821983
Thousand pounds
North America:
Canada186,835257,312256,790233,809179,672229,885254,887173,837237,808276,341154,745246,212
Mexico123,018128,419143,300132,277141,845141,757147,710167,551173,879155,316130,955138,671
United States1,752,7091,764,6121,999,8122,184,8612,124,0931,918,0512,027,9271,528,5681,787,6922,064,2111,995,2941,429,769
Central America and Caribbean:
Cuba87,19596,00798,51493,337113,80595,43890,43671,00218,120118,85897,91866,535
Dominican Rep.57,54196,16182,85657,909101,41385,319125,443116,625107,54189,17794,86955,645
Guatemala7,37910,97010,24015,37117,02918,83816,71317,16120,50313,50821,19728,047
Honduras12,9068,41510,94413,74114,34514,11215,53420,93514,82214,39613,43711,241
South America:
Argentina178,486172,181237,173213,337205,550181,947136,962151,144136,332111,730144,771155,904
Brazil421,083399,048497,142629,653608,696683,433738,548945,783802,482716,502833,347833,347
Chile12,0118,32910,51618,41716,91619,17421,29916,55211,58712,36412,47812,170
Colombia79,58787,52390,610126,98688,288111,67389,90489,50874,19987,66778,676102,458
Paraguay41,88855,11672,75385,31985,05091,32433,06954,23435,27422,70826,45539,683
Venezuela27,63929,61731,63034,76933,72933,71733,63447,39938,23537,55835,77726,940
European Community:
France109,221112,442114,047124,175135,45696,091111,258111,642102,51194,30198,11098,110
Germany32,09739,50233,48430,72634,16130,82526,55228,29923,34525,88027,10425,924
Greece185,958200,667179,227260,575308,678262,20726,55328,29623,34526,10127,104246,254
Italy185,933206,688204,441250,099239,515241,785241,754301,087276,751288,742319,710343,974
Portugal1,3401,0321,1241,0981,8632,1892,9763,3223,6713,8054,2995,966
Spain68,52059,85154,34858,03262,96847,52365,64376,88081,34895,97693,17495,110
Other Europe:1,0081,0441,0738981,163794832959799990915982
FSU and Europe:
Albania27,55827,55827,99927,99928,66028,66028,66030,86530,86533,06928,66028,660
Bulgaria348,330313,056319,670357,149363,763260,145300,270354,944299,829309,749335,103321,615
Czechoslovakia9,25911,70212,34612,12511,67610,80311,90511,13311,77312,29713,58312,787
Hungary38,29644,00037,47936,59742,05853,35246,29755,11633,06950,70652,91144,092
Poland165,318172,102143,177225,533275,578192,794129,958163,486124,025210,592211,450214,668
Romania83,55583,77685,76087,744141,096103,39790,39086,42182,23261,50983,77654,454
FSU654,773672,410687,842683,433701,070676,819621,703663,591637,136601,862676,819848,779
Yugoslavia136,687144,367129,175150,333165,347152,119136,687147,710137,529183,779190,876174,333
Middle East:
Iran60,21036,05934,26435,03635,77435,69931,74737,47952,61842,71544,09255,116
Iraq24,91222,26422,92822,99922,99921,16420,94424,25126,45522,04629,76234,613
Syria25,56024,11022,31526,44426,52425,35328,86125,61130,32527,15225,95931,409
Turkey396,389328,753448,612440,781714,216546,640644,991477,488503,423370,429457,977515,535
See footnotes at end of table.(continued)
Table 157--World tobacco production, selected countries, farm sales weight, 1960-1995, continued
Region/country197219731974197519761977197819791980198119821983
Thousand pounds
Asia:
Bangladesh76,54788,38391,70888,99699,594140,064109,95196,43987,140104,453112,542111,217
Cambodia18,96015,43217,63719,84222,04616,09419,4018,81811,02311,02311,02311,023
China1,690,4561,928,8792,042,4722,059,3372,112,4692,474,0272,738,1412,074,5491,862,9063,300,3194,803,8713,044,583
India923,516820,5601,018,756800,498771,177923,2961,088,2011,000,457966,7271,059,9821,146,6241,302,050
Indonesia172,181178,592172,181210,865194,959249,241245,553265,212188,467241,728245,513277,685
Japan318,854346,619333,645365,317388,364381,949379,118337,885311,718303,598307,216301,306
Laos8,1578,8188,9008,9008,9009,0399,03911,0234,4095,5126,6146,614
Malaysia15,86713,28716,79920,24710,29316,03920,29116,61223,14216,96221,116101,413
Myanmar191,652138,521144,899169,086133,772160,007168,131154,037156,634149,035150,582142,463
North Korea28,44029,10130,86537,47944,09250,70655,11694,79999,208101,413101,413253,708
Pakistan119,557189,928173,129170,351196,216185,850174,705188,103172,479178,914199,640202,111
Philippines255,591246,027209,655229,794246,078318,641296,189243,889203,941191,796253,913221,955
South Korea154,562161,281119,050123,459174,165171,961198,416191,802167,551167,551191,80221,314
Sri Lanka20,30220,30220,30215,00017,05123,17936,15831,91628,66024,78419,88819,842
Taiwan36,19339,42539,05039,92358,27554,44348,78647,34643,53550,08556,37250,093
Thailand110,890106,064116,843138,373160,291154,134156,634160,937168,127148,263217,239216,789
Vietnam00030,86539,68350,70661,72961,72961,72961,72961,72961,729
Africa:
Angola10,86012,94115,21213,2289,9216,6146,6148,1578,5988,5988,5988,598
Kenya2822382847361,7203,5944,6216,4046,0348,15911,49014,612
Malawi67,60068,20460,16976,99984,078113,767112,749124,797122,672111,713128,992159,269
Morocco8,3608,6429,4369,37014,56812,55318,45918,45320,05521,71822,27816,087
Nigeria28,60125,69926,10138,69122,45622,45626,78627,20540,43125,96810,1855,584
South Africa68,40964,28774,36260,60572,85892,01299,821108,33778,56863,04176,27685,297
Tanzania28,81227,86440,28731,33242,20540,40637,52341,52640,40938,58529,10124,339
Tunisia4,4094,4096,6147,2339,3619,67210,20112,05710,53615,14412,85711,155
Zaire3,9554,3124,7802,4052,4891,9643,4223,9424,5757,2258,9799,061
Zambia13,04514,75614,61715,36214,27512,7748,8279,92110,3136,6586,3366,336
Zimbabwe146,281163,036166,535191,350248,714187,662187,748252,403275,688153,018205,164218,154
Oceania:
Australia35,30734,15233,96737,09733,29235,54133,73333,07833,27934,04230,50531,747
World 3/9,266,0269,497,51210,189,76310,643,91511,029,72411,199,48011,770,47710,668,16610,264,72011,737,40813,545,19811,825,592
See footnotes at end of table.(continued)
Table 157--World tobacco production, selected countries, farm sales weight, 1960-1995
Region/country198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995 1/
Thousand pounds
North America:
Canada201,344213,125148,845135,337153,854166,610139,123173,513158,237189,805157,630174,798
Mexico105,954120,172171,994107,409165,611132,03576,39784,32765,698157,454150,355100,149
United States1,728,5621,512,0381,164,1401,190,8741,369,5001,367,1881,626,3801,664,3771,721,6861,613,5941,582,8191,331,519
Central America and Caribbean:
Cuba98,41998,408100,49394,79997,00391,72697,00397,00360,31633,06937,47961,729
Dominican Rep.67,15159,84463,80269,79050,17161,88233,25748,07843,88140,49247,10248,634
Guatemala25,98119,09215,67316,10019,73426,16023,29822,40130,97543,62531,28822,732
Honduras11,92510,3188,7799,9258,3229,36110,15210,11914,51720,23220,23220,232
South America:
Argentina171,795133,276146,301154,833159,251177,569149,006208,211239,356247,579180,669174,187
Brazil884,053906,100906,100903,895923,7371,018,535959,011930,3501,272,0671,340,410974,443877,440
Chile17,92417,11717,59319,45821,97824,48228,18637,64636,38743,31435,39726,583
Colombia76,41981,13780,20469,74870,19364,70169,62269,82794,43388,82659,35962,122
Paraguay44,09216,13812,78726,45515,5877,8158,91816,98723,1499,92113,33820,062
Venezuela38,73545,45929,79829,32132,02929,74029,97626,56129,76032,62825,35340,816
European Community:
France79,07176,89585,09274,78764,72164,41062,38065,03451,02656,88060,44955,116
Germany31,55731,56431,37027,83327,49627,47822,34817,62818,36519,45417,06811,023
Greece315,944327,311328,001317,565271,340255,185296,231365,196433,208326,284298,506290,735
Italy355,676367,056321,235357,429406,433435,007473,207426,145332,422299,163288,115292,112
Portugal7,5868,5309,4018,5989,68512,06412,28613,54311,7096,42212,00613,726
Spain95,37092,63685,31479,82975,674100,12395,901101,794100,55791,71293,21893,256
Other Europe:1,0209531,1027811,001918763--3,1063,3003,1923,192
FSU and Europe:
Albania28,66033,06935,27435,27433,06933,06933,06933,06933,06933,06933,06933,069
Bulgaria310,570264,308282,192291,835255,150166,531147,397187,496158,543109,56376,74765,455
Czechoslovakia11,68412,54412,56612,12512,12512,12511,02311,93810,91110,91110,91110,911
Hungary42,98151,58857,14450,28750,26528,37131,62841,02834,83319,11020,69335,232
Poland216,606244,856276,043255,957204,743123,591110,231134,107107,31079,58794,966127,207
Romania81,79159,52577,16263,71485,20960,62731,30630,64416,75525,13334,39233,069
FSU841,504839,961824,529798,073604,066526,905566,588552,260316,736451,787392,573322,115
Yugoslavia188,429195,770212,900176,193124,804139,486102,779137,03925,08430,34427,65326,489
Middle East:
Iran55,11650,70651,80952,91154,01355,11655,11655,11655,11655,11655,11655,116
Iraq30,86537,39528,17921,8264,8064,8064,8064,8064,8064,8064,8064806
Syria31,67630,64236,63436,85935,39323,94028,67635,26348,94331,30631,53937,937
Turkey391,384375,868356,046407,220482,314594,183657,312527,798731,463745,312413,880463,606
See footnotes at end of table.(continued)
Table 157--World tobacco production, selected countries, farm sales weight, 1960-1995, continued
Region/country1984198519861987198819891990199119921993 1/1994 1/1995 2/
Thousand pounds
Asia:
Bangladesh105,469108,754113,637113,637113,63788,18588,18588,18588,736165,347132,277132,277
Cambodia11,02311,02311,02311,02311,02311,02311,02311,02311,02311,02311,02311,023
China3,944,0695,344,0043,680,6164,297,9116,021,9256,239,0805,792,6446,681,5487,713,9727,608,1514,933,9445,180,862
India1,085,7761,042,345972,6791,018,094809,9781,086,4381,244,2891,225,5491,288,3811,280,0041,164,0401,156,324
Indonesia267,623318,541339,757339,556303,742323,890340,570363,432320,596336,866352,740374,345
Japan298,676256,177260,630230,163189,135164,017177,565154,096174,972148,658175,274165,347
Laos6,6146,6146,6146,6146,6146,6146,6146,6146,6146,6146,6146,614
Malaysia101,413101,413101,413101,413101,413101,413101,413101,41326,91023,10414,54223,369
Myanmar174,342192,684172,600152,560153,287156,718150,01199,20837,47937,47939,68339,683
North Korea253,708253,708101,41388,18599,20899,20899,208153,653101,413101,413101,413101,413
Pakistan241,239167,267160,501175,084151,682161,610154,610178,147238,055233,615235,535234,753
Philippines207,614166,844182,944172,046160,933172,891145,975181,429253,368225,879123,560140,326
South Korea15,82320,67731,51925,10616,49130,59424,24423,235175,415234,777217,371184,306
Sri Lanka19,84219,84219,84219,84219,84219,84219,84219,84219,84219,84219,84219,842
Taiwan58,40355,90353,62152,92245,66241,85742,17747,15037,49639,91941,83030,596
Thailand176,950166,722143,281147,901129,105142,815168,069167,393223,108229,281130,073128,970
Vietnam61,72961,72961,72961,72961,72961,72961,72961,72960,15570,54870,54870,548
Africa:
Angola8,5988,5988,5988,5988,5988,5988,5988,5988,5988,5988,5988,598
Kenya18,43513,22815,43215,42120,26525,37521,84821,84821,84821,84821,84821,848
Malawi151,678147,509140,082167,018165,463190,953224,104276,482303,982294,974218,919239,642
Morocco5,8667,8598,01210,33114,19814,44215,80913,2178,2599,3437,8188,735
Nigeria12,74525,57817,63714,32817,46320,33320,33320,33320,33320,33320,33320,333
South Africa79,05882,36576,34661,24469,65185,86864,16868,96585,48971,13262,42650,382
Tanzania21,46426,00435,27038,26137,60033,19130,98630,98651,14754,45448,03255,292
Tunisia7,4808,04711,21711,11112,12512,36813,70213,88913,88913,22814,45114,330
Zaire9,0619,0619,0619,0619,0619,0619,0619,0619,0619,0619,0619,061
Zambia6,5945,77410,4858,2679,4809,4809,48012,12513,22813,22813,22813,228
Zimbabwe275,368239,667257,861289,870272,648298,076308,213392,659466,044518,717392,017462,900
Oceania:
Australia33,64029,87024,69229,54229,39929,31329,38129,58629,56427,44817,85716,799
World 3/12,835,30913,725,97711,642,60912,195,96913,452,60313,913,36913,809,75216,772,21718,282,94318,298,51514,082,81214,057,649
-- = not available.
1/ Revised.
2/ Estimate subject to revision.
Source: U.S Department of Agriculture: Foreign Agriculture Service.
Region/country196019611962196319641965196619671968196919701971197219731974197519761977197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995 1/199719981999
China1,346,052921,1701,198,4481,448,9371,598,1791,632,3481,697,4841,807,9991,614,3701,583,2141,617,6081,715,3241,690,4561,928,8792,042,4722,059,3372,112,4692,474,0272,738,1412,074,5491,862,9063,300,3194,803,8713,044,5833,944,0695,344,0043,680,6164,297,9116,021,9256,239,0805,792,6446,681,5487,713,9727,608,1514,933,9445,180,862544699456102215247291
World 3/7,480,2827,019,5167,795,5438,620,0729,252,7998,681,8018,646,5279,332,1658,875,8088,864,7858,955,1758,860,3769,266,0269,497,51210,189,76310,643,91511,029,72411,199,48011,770,47710,668,16610,264,72011,737,40813,545,19811,825,59212,835,30913,725,97711,642,60912,195,96913,452,60313,913,36913,809,75216,772,21718,282,94318,298,51514,082,81214,057,649
Retail sales of cigarettes50000000000Per capita consumption
Quantitiy (1 million cases)piecespacks (million)Population, totalPer capita consumption of cigarettes packsProduction
19522.461230000000006150574820000195210.9Mt
19533.451725000000008625587960000195716.9
19543.77188500000000942560266000019629.7
19553.551775000000008875614650000
19563.651825000000009125628280000
19574.321500000000010750646530000
19584.723500000000011750659940000
19595.5327650000000013825672070000
19605.252625000000001312566707000019.7
19612.4512250000000061256603300009.3
19622.5712850000000064256657700009.7
19633.25162500000000812568233000011.9
19643.91195500000000977569836000014.0
19654.642320000000001160071519000016.2196516.15
19665.12550000000001275073540000017.3
19675.322660000000001330075455000017.6
19684.912455000000001227577451000015.8
19696.533265000000001632579603000020.5
19706.723360000000001680081832000020.5197020.52
19717.193595000000001797584111000021.4
19728.054025000000002012586203000023.3
19738.814405000000002202588194000025.0
19748.664330000000002165090035000024.0
19759.614805000000002402591640000026.2197526.22
197610.565280000000002640093068000028.4197628.36
197711.495745000000002872594345000030.4197730.43
197811.795895000000002947595616000030.8197830.82
197913.526760000000003380096900000034.9197934.86
198015.937965000000003982598124000040.670-801.371198040.56
198117.58750000000004375099386000044.0198143.97
198217.5987950000000043975100860000043.6198243.61
198320.04100200000000050100102330000049.0198348.97
198422.85114250000000057125103680000055.1198455.1
198525.48127400000000063700105100000060.6198560.61
198627.26136300000000068150106680000063.9198663.9
198728.46142300000000071150108400000065.6198765.65
198830.83154150000000077075110160000070.0198869.98
1989159750000000079875111860000071.4198969.89
199032.46162300000000081150113520000071.580-901.038199071.49
199132.62163100000000081550115080000070.990-91199170.86
199232.649163245000000081623116500000070.191-92199270.02
1993164340200000082170117840000069.792-93
1994164602800000082301119090000069.193-94
1995166025000000083013120330000069.094-950.009
1996165947700000082974121540000068.395-96-0.000
1997166200000000083100122720000067.796-97
1998166760828500083380123860000067.397-98
World Bank User:production+import-export of 1998
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
packs (million)
Source: China Statistical Year Book 1993, 1998, USDA, China Tobacco Report 1999
million packs of 20 cigarettes
Cigarette Sales in China 1952-1998
-
Higher the Income, Lower the Prevalence Rate, but not for Women in China
Chart2
59.43.5
62.83.2
61.34.1
59.73
593.4
47.67.1
Male
Female
RMB
% smokers
Smoking Prevalence by Income Level, China, 1996
Sheet1
China smoking rates by education in 1996Regular smoking prevalence by income level
MaleFemaleMaleFemale
no schooling69.77.6
-
Smoking is more prevalent among less educated and China is no exception
Chart1
69.77.6
72.45.2
66.32.7
63.31.4
54.21.1
Male
Female
Smoking Prevalence by Education in China, 1996
Sheet1
China smoking rates by education in 1996
MaleFemale
no schooling69.77.6
primary school72.45.2
secondary school66.32.7
high school63.31.4
college&above54.21.1
Sheet1
00
00
00
00
00
Male
Female
% of smokers
Smoking Prevalence by Education in China, 1996
Sheet2
Sheet3
Sheet4
Sheet5
Sheet6
-
Which interventions are effective?Measures to reduce demand
Higher cigarette taxesNon-price measures: consumer information, research, cigarette advertising and promotion bans, warning labels and restrictions on public smokingIncreased access to nicotine replacement (NRT) and other cessation therapies
-
Trends in Total and Per Capita Sales in China 1989-1998
Chart5
7987570
8115071.5
8155070.9
8162370
8217069.7
8230169.1
8301369
8297468.3
8310067.7
8338067.3
Millions of packs
Packs per capita
Million packs
packs/capita
Total cigarette sales and per capita consumption in China, 1989-1998
Sheet1
China smoking rates by education in 1996Regular smoking prevalence by income level% of Smoking Initiation by Age
MaleFemaleMaleFemaleMale&FemaleSales BillionsLung CancerMillions of packsPacks per capita
no schooling69.77.6
-
As price increases, consumption falls
Chart6
71.51.088
70.91.206
701.337
69.71.43
69.11.67
691.92
68.31.99
67.72.06
67.31998
consumption/pack
Real price/pack
Source: USDA and Teh-Wei Hu Study for China
Pack per capita
Real price per pack (1987=100) Yuan
Trends in Consumption and Price per pack of Cigarettes in China, 1990-1999
Sheet1
China smoking rates by education in 1996Regular smoking prevalence by income level% of Smoking Initiation by Age
MaleFemaleMaleFemaleMale&FemaleSales BillionsLung CancerMillions of packsPacks per capitaNominal priceReal Priceconsumption/packReal price/pack
no schooling69.77.6
-
Tax share in average retail price of cigarettes varies among countries
Chart4
20
30
30
33
36
38
60
60
62
63
% of tax
Source: World Bank data
% tax
Tobacco tax share in average retail price of pack of cigarettes in South East and East Asia Countries
Urban income groups
Urban HH annual purchase of cigarettes/pack per capita 1992Urban HH annual purchase of cigarettes/pack per capita 1998
Low income27.5127.31
Medium-low income31.527.05
Medium-income33.5827.73
Medium-high income35.3827.57
High income36.8128.6
Highest income45.0931.79
Urban income groups
1992
1998
Urban HH annual purchase of cigarettes/pack per capita 1992
Urban HH annual purchase of cigarettes/pack per capita 1998
Pack/capita
Urban HH Annual Purchase of Cigarettes 1992-1998
Urban tobacco expenditure
Urban HH Annual disposable income per capita Yuan 1992Urban HH annual living tobacco expenditure per capita 1992, yuan% of tobacco expenditures in disposable income
Inner Mongolia1494.9242.362.8%
Jiangxi1528.341.582.7%
Henan1608.0351.133.2%
Shanxi1622.8464.514.0%
Heilongjiang1630.2828.791.8%
Jiling1636.9729.051.8%
Gansu1707.7869.064.0%
Shaanxi1717.7649.722.9%
Qinghai1806.4879.844.4%
Anjui1807.8471.273.9%
Ningxia1820.758.993.2%
Hebei187244.652.4%
Hubei1883.1162.63.3%
Guizhou1899.6374.663.9%
Liaoning1948.9456.442.9%
Xinjiang1951.930.241.5%
Shandong1974.4940.882.1%
Sichuna2001.2963.353.2%
Yunnan2075.965.213.1%
Hunan2094.4153.022.5%
Guangxi2103.8329.71.4%
Jiangsu2138.3464.33.0%
Tianjin2238.3857.382.6%
Fujian2282.8262.382.7%
Hainan2318.1242.651.8%
Beijing2556.1251.812.0%
Tibet2561.22142.575.6%
Zhejiang2619.1688.883.4%
Shanghai3026.5867.862.2%
Guangdong3476.746.191.3%
Urban tobacco expenditure
2556.1251.81
2238.3857.38
187244.65
1622.8464.51
1494.9242.36
1948.9456.44
1636.9729.05
1630.2828.79
3026.5867.86
2138.3464.3
2619.1688.88
1807.8471.27
2282.8262.38
1528.341.58
1974.4940.88
1608.0351.13
1883.1162.6
2094.4153.02
3476.746.19
2103.8329.7
2318.1242.65
2001.2963.35
1899.6374.66
2075.965.21
2561.22142.57
1717.7649.72
1707.7869.06
1806.4879.84
1820.758.99
1951.930.24
&A
Page &P
Urban HH Annual disposable income per capita Yuan 1992
Urban HH annual living tobacco expenditure per capita 1992, yuan
production
42.36
41.58
51.13
64.51
28.79
29.05
69.06
49.72
79.84
71.27
58.99
44.65
62.6
74.66
56.44
30.24
40.88
63.35
65.21
53.02
29.7
64.3
57.38
62.38
42.65
51.81
142.57
88.88
67.86
46.19
Urban HH annual living tobacco expenditure per capita 1992, yuan
dsdsd
Sheet9
&A
Page &P
Urban HH annual living tobacco expenditure per capita 1992, yuan
% of tobacco expenditures in disposable income
Source: China Statistical Yearbook 1993
Tobacco expenditures/capita (Yuan)
% share
Urban Household Annual Tobacco Expenditure Per Capita and Its Share in Disposable Income in 1992
smuggling
&A
Page &P
disposable income/capita
% Share of tobacco expenditure
Urban HH Annual disposable income per capita Yuan 1992
% of tobacco expenditures in disposable income
Source: China Statistical Yearbook 1993
Disposable Income/capita yuan
% of tobacco share
Urban Household Annual Disposable Income and the % Share of Tobacco Expenditure Per Capita in 1992
advalorem vs specific
&A
Page &P
Urban HH Annual disposable income per capita Yuan 1992
Urban HH annual living tobacco expenditure per capita 1992, yuan
consumption&price
Output of major industria (cigarettes (1,000 cases)) products by region 1992Major cigarette production by region (million packs)Output of tobacco crops by region 1992 1000 tnOutput of tobacco crops by region 2000 1000 tnOutput of major industria (cigarettes (1,000 cases)) products by region 1992Output of major farm crops by region 1992 1000 tn tobacco
Jiling6601650Heilongjiang13695
Heilongjiang7731932.5Shandong163107
Jiangsu8182045Shaanxi16497
Zhejiang836.42091Hubei172117
Fujian846.62116.5Hunan232155
Shanghai859.22148Sichuan283123
Guangxi1040.42601Henan458304
Hebei1170.12925.25Guizhou470370
Shaanxi1389.83474.5Yunnan788569
Guangdong15393847.5Beijing
Sichuna1976.64941.5Tianjin
Guizhou2028.95072.25Shanghai
Anjui2063.35158.25Tibet
Hubei2162.85407Qinghai
Shandong2262.15655.25Ningxia
Hunan2360.25900.5
Henan2987.17467.75
Yunnan4661.711654.25
Tibet
consumption&price
Major cigarette production by region (million packs)
Source: China Statistical Yearbook 1993
million packs of 20 cigarettes
Major cigarette producing regions in 1992
rural and urban consumption
Output of tobacco crops by region 1992 1000 tn
1000 tn
Major raw tobacco producing regions in 1992
Sheet8
1992
2000
Output of tobacco crops by region 1992 1000 tn
Output of tobacco crops by region 2000 1000 tn
Source: USDA Chines Tobacco Trade Report 1999, China Statistical Yearbook, 1993
1000 tn.
Major raw tobacco producing regions in 1992 and 2000
Sheet3
Country CodeExpenditure or Revenue CodeGovernment Level CodeCountry NameExp./ Rev. DescriptionGovernment Code DescriptionIMF DescriptionScale198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997
CHN81...ZGChinaTOTAL REVENUE & GRANTS (A.I; OR A.II + A.VII)CENTRAL GOVT, BUDGETARY ACCTSI TOTAL REV.& GRANTS(II+VII)9.9165409996800162769993728167519993856163940007936354759999488391560003584433370005504492650004480
CHN81EG.ZGChinaEXCISES (A5.2)CENTRAL GOVT, BUDGETARY ACCTS5.2 EXCISES9.9931999948886700001288040000000575000012851680002048558500003846387999948870080004096
CHN81Y..ZGChinaTOTAL REVENUE (A.II; OR A.III + A.VI)CENTRAL GOVT, BUDGETARY ACCTSII TOTAL REVENUE (III+VI)9.9117190000640113739997184111659999232103909998592297750003712330560012288372979990528432269983744
CHN81YA.ZGChinaTAX REVENUE (A.IV)CENTRAL GOVT, BUDGETARY ACCTSIV TAX REVENUE9.973410002944786200002568755000115288220000256267540004864305109991424334820016128420869996544
Country CodeExpenditure or Revenue CodeGovernment Level CodeCountry NameExp./ Rev. DescriptionGovernment Code DescriptionIMF DescriptionScale198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997
CHN81..JZGChinaTOTAL REVENUE & GRANTS (A.I; OR A.II + A.VII)STATE OR PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTA.I TOT.REV. & GRANTS(II+VII)9.9597620031488682269999104739139977216
CHN81Y.JZGChinaTOTAL REVENUE (A.II; OR A.III + A.VI)STATE OR PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTA.II TOTAL REVENUE (III+VI)9.9344330010624410019987456453469995008
CHN81YAJZGChinaTAX REVENUE (A.IV)STATE OR PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTA.IV TAX REVENUE (1-7)9.9290860007424353650016256397199998976
Retail sales of cigarettesConsumption of Cigarettes by Urban and Rural Residents
Per capita consumption of cigarettes packsQuantitiy (1 million cases)Value (1 billion) yuanMixed average retail prices of cigarettes (cases) YuanOverall retail price index 1950=100National total volume (1,000 cases)Urban total volume (1,000 cases)Rural total volume (1,000 cases)Per capita national total (pack)Urban per capita (pack)Rural per capita (pack)Mixed average purchasing prices of tobacco flue-cured Yuan/ 100kgUrban HH annual purchase of cigarettes per capita/packsUrban HH annual purchase of cigarettes packs per capita by percentile of HH 1992Urban HH Annual disposable income per capita Yuan 1992Urban HH annual living tobacco expenditure per capita 1992, yuanOutput of major industria (cigarettes (1,000 cases)) products by region 1992Output of major farm crops by region 1992 1000 tn tobaccoMajor farm crops output per hectare by region 1992 (kg/ha) flue-cured tobaccoretail sales of cigarettes (1000 cases) by region 1992Staff and workers of light industry (incl.cigarettes0 by region 1,000 persons 1992rural HH Net income per capita by region yuanBasic indicators of rural HH % of HH by per capita annual net incomeOutput of major farm crops per hectare Kg/haOutput of major industiral product cigarettes (1,000,000 cases)Output of major farm crops flue-cured tobacco 1,000 tnRetail sales of cigarettes (1,000 cases)Purchases flue-cured tobacco 1000 tn1996
195210.919522.460.9319523771951112.2195224651035143010.937.37.2124198536.12Total average33.0319781980198519881989199019911992198019851989199019911992flue-cured tobaccoTobacco leaf exportQ1Q2Q3Q4
195716.919533.451.4319534141952111.8195334591384207514.946.910.2140.2198836.86Total first decile25Nationwide2026.5954.2832846.83499168727381133.57191.33397.6544.94601.51686.31708.55783.9920000.161.462.112.594.061984216019604.4918619811750012591988594.3
198348.9719654.642.3219655001964138.3196546461800284616.1536.7211.92Anjui1807.8471.272063.38914791038953101.7184.82369.41485.53515.66539.16446.05573.581985192019612.549619821759317611989575.6
198455.119665.12.4519664801965134.6196651061889321717.339.4813.01Fujian2282.8262.38846.6901398680962134.9171.74396.45613.41697.34764.41850.05984.11986153019622.4412919832004311041990525.75
198560.6119675.322.6619675001966134.2196753202089323117.6142.0412.8Jiangxi1528.341.58494.9461230261715180.94377.31488.16558.64669.9702.53768.411987178519633.2323419842285014881991457.2
198663.919684.912.4619685001967133.2196849152124279115.8542.2810.74Shandong1974.4940.882262.1163176317541998101.2194.33408.12583.74630.56680.18764.04802.91988180019644.1332419852548317791992407.4
198765.6519696.533.2719695001968133.31969653624624074205048.3415.21Henan1608.0351.132987.1458164516611288101.4160.78329.37401.32457.06526.95539.29588.481989160519654.7837219862726712321993356.2
198869.9819706.723.3619705001969131.8197067202298442220.5243.0416.13Hubei1883.1162.62162.817215777501410106.5169.88421.24497.84571.84670.8626.92677.821990168019665.45761987284681398
198969.8919717.193.619715001970131.5197171902569462121.3845.7716.49Hunan2094.4153.022360.223217571059950134.4219.71395.26515.35558.34664.24688.91739.421991171019674.95671988308352113
199071.4919728.054.0319725001971130.5197280592896516323.3751.4917.89Guangdong3476.746.1915398616155422369182.3274.37495.31808.7955.021043.031143.061307.651992168719685.214411989312732048
199170.8619738.815.1419735831972130.2197388183210560824.9956.3518.95Guangxi2103.8329.71040.4741553601566173.68302.96424.23483.04639.45657.74731.6919696.774451990324601943
199270.0219748.665.2519746061973131197486633839482424.0566.2415.96Hainan2318.1242.651001155345102566.6674.27696.22730.08842.7919707.833991991326162383
19759.615.9819756221974131.7197596154204541126.2271.4317.57Sichuna2001.2963.351976.6283158025131604116.7187.9315.07448.85494.07557.76590.21634.3119717.014581992326492761
197610.566.5219766171975131.91976105644735582928.3678.0618.69Guizhou1899.6374.662028.94701533470280108161.46287.83397.74430.34435.14465.53506.1319727.455231993
197711.497.2419776301976132.31977114925184630830.4380.0420.16Yunnan2075.965.214661.778820971332347123.9150.12338.34427.72477.89540.86572.58617.9819738.46613
197811.797.42197862919771351978117985290650830.8277.5720.66Tibet2561.22142.572097927352.97374.41397.25649.71706.67829.6619748.72588
197913.529.3119799891978135.91979135225560796234.8679.1825.06Shaanxi1717.7649.721389.81641625834606142.49295.26404.14433.67530.8533.96558.7919759.92701
198015.9310.7219806731979138.61980159326300963240.5687.1630.05Gansu1707.7869.0629551230420230698.4153.33255.22339.88365.89430.98446.42489.4719769.82837
198117.513.5519817381980146.919811750068251067543.9792.1332.96Qinghai1806.4879.842723047775342.95492.82457.52559.78555.56603.4197712.11971
198217.5914.9319829021981150.419821759367731082043.6389.1233.06Ningxia1820.758.995207510777178.06321.17472.48521.9578.13589.98591.01197811.821052
198320.0417.8919839741982153.319832004370151302849.1290.439.41Xinjiang1951.930.2412131420187337198.01394.3496.49545.61683.47703.17740.44197913.03806
198422.8520.95198410021983155.619842285073261552455.4793.2446.57198015.2717
198525.4828.7919851130198416019852548381681731561.25101.8351.56198117.041279
198627.2632.01198612681985174.119862726785671870064.73104.4955.12198218.851848
198728.4640.54198713331986184.519872846890951937366.33106.2156.39198319.381151
198830.8354.1719881946198719819883083595252131070.82108.4261.32198421.321543
198919902720.61988234.61990198523.72075
199032.4668.87419913015.819891991198625.961374
199132.6276.7519923343.719901992198728.811636
199232.65108.4131993198830.962337
19931994198931.952405
19941995199032.982259
19951996199132.262670
19961997199232.853119
19971998
1998
Ayda A. Yurekli:including state list retail prices and negotiated prices are obtained by dividing the value of retail sales of each commodity by the quantity sold, one case contains 50,000 cigarettes. Cases of cigarettes
712
722.25
682.75
673
653.75
634
604.1
594.3
575.6
525.75
457.2
407.4
356.2
&A
Page &P
Sale of cigarettes
total tax revenue
sale of cigarettes
total tax revenue
Cigarettes Billion
source:the smuggling of tobacco products: Lessons from Canada
Tax revenue $ billion
Domestic Sale of Cigarettes and Fine-Cut Equivalents And Domestic Tobacco Tax Revenues Canada 1981-1993
Smuggling crackdown begins
Hong-Kong Re-exports
direct Imports
Hong_Kong
Imports
Source: USDA, GAIN Report # CH9016
US $(000)
China Direct Imports of Cigarettes vs. Hong Kong Reexports of Cigarettes to China
Tax as % of priceTax as % of price
Tax (US$)Tax as % of priceTax (US$)Tax as % of priceHigh-incomeUpper- MiddleLower-MiddleLow-income
High-incomeLower-MiddleAustralia65Argentina70Bolivia61Albania70
Australia3.1565Bolivia0.261Canada51Brazil75Bulgaria42Armenia50
Austria2.1673Bulgaria0.2542Denmark84Chile70Colombia45Bangladesh30
Belgium2.4975Colombia0.0345Finland73Greece73El Salvador42Cambodia20
Canada2.0451El Salvador0.2842Japan60Hungary42Indonesia30China38
Denmark4.3884Indonesia0.000130Korea, Republic of60Malaysia33Jamaica42Pakistan73
Finland3.2873Jamaica0.1642Netherlands72Mexico60Philippines63Sri Lanka24
France2.1775Philippines0.1463Norway78Poland39Thailand62Vietnam36
Germany2.4372Thailand0.3762Sweden69Slovenia63Turkey42Zambia30
Ireland1.2775Turkey0.2242United States30South Africa33Venezuela50Zimbabwe80
Italy1.673Venezuela0.0450
Japan1.4660Low-income
Korea, Republic of0.4660Albania0.270% of tax
Netherlands2.1572Armenia0.150Cambodia20
New Zealand3.1968Bangladesh0.0330Bangladesh30
Norway5.4778Cambodia0.0120Indonesia30
Portugal1.1981China0.0838Malaysia33
Spain0.9972India (cigarettes)0.2875Vietnam36
Sweden3.1669Pakistan0.2173China38
Switzerland1.4552Sri Lanka0.2524Japan60
United Kingdom3.2478Vietnam0.0436Korea, Rep.60
United States0.5830Zambia0.230Thai