TISSUE
The Living Fabric
Four Types of Tissue
Epithelial (protection)Connective (support)Muscle (movement)Nervous (control)
Epithelial Tissue
Covering & Lining Epithelium
Glandular Epithelium
Classified by:
Shape
Number of Layers
SquamousFlattened and Scalelike
CuboidalAs tall as they are wide
Culumnar Tall, Column-Shaped
ArrangementSimple Stratified
Simple Squamous
Simple Columnar
Stratified Squamous
Pseudostratified Squamous
Functions of Epithelium
ProtectionAbsorption SecretionSensory Functions
Features of Epithelium
Cell Junctions are TightBasement MembraneAvascular (no vessels)Highly Regenerative
Covering and Lining Epithelium
LocationEndothelium: Simple,
Reduces Friction (Vessels)Mucous Membranes: Line
body cavities that are open to the exterior. (Mouth, Nose)
LocationCutaneous Membrane: Skin,
Keratinized stratified squamous, dry membrane
Serous Membrane: Moist, Closed ventral body cavities, Reduce friction
Glandular EpitheliumSpecialized for SecretionOne or more epithelial cellsExocrine: Ducts (Saliva
glands, Pancreas)Endocrine: Ductless, Directly
into Extracellular Space (Hormones)
Connective Tissue
General PropertiesMost abundant and varied of all tissues
Primary function: bind the other tissues or the body.
Matrix: Nonliving, extracellular material, separates cells of the tissue.
Allows tissue to bear weight, tension, and endure abuses
Connective tissues develop from embryonic tissue known as MESENCHYME
CELLS
1. Fibroblasts: produce fibers and carbs and protein constituents of matrix
Chondroblast: Cartilage
Osteoblast: BoneHemocytoblast: Blood
FIBERSCollagen–Most abundant–White fibers–Tough, inelastic
FIBERSReticular –Finely branched–Composed of collagen –EX. Basement membrane, small blood vessels
FIBERSElastic –Yellow fibers–Elastin (protein)–Ex. Skin, lungs, vessels
Types of C.T.
Connective Tissue Proper
Two subclasses:
Loose connective (areolar, adipose, reticular)
Dense connective (Dense regular, Dense irregular, Elastic)
Dense regular connective
Elastic Cartilage
Cartilage: tough yet flexible, avascular–Chondrocytes–Perichondrium: well-vascularized dense irregular connective tissue membrane
BoneMain supporting tissueCompact bone & spongy
boneWell supplied by blood
vessels
BloodBlood and lymph are
circulating connective tissues
Red marrow-blood cells
Muscle Tissue
Skeletal: Voluntary control, attached to bone.
Cardiac: Involuntary, Heart, branched cells joined end to end.
Smooth: Involuntary–Lining of organs, vessels
NervousFunctions
–Receive stimuli–Transmit info–Control action of muscle and glands