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Tissue
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Groups of cells similar in structure and function
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Nervous tissue: Internal communication • Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Muscle tissue: Contracts to cause movement • Muscles attached to
• Muscles of heart ( ) • Muscles of walls of hollow organs (smooth)
Epithelial tissue: Forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters • Skin surface ( ) • Lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs
Connective tissue:
• Bones • Tendons • Fat and other soft padding tissue
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*Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium)
Two main types (by location): 1.
On external and internal surfaces 2.
Secretory tissue in glands
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Characteristics
Cells have polarity—upper and lower surfaces Are composed of closely packed cells Continuous sheets held together by tight
junctions and Supported by a connective tissue reticular
lamina (under the basal lamina) Avascular but High rate of regeneration
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Classification
Ask two questions: 1. ?
1 = simple epithelium / pseudostratified >1 = stratified epithelium
2. ? Squamous Cuboidal Columnar
(If stratified, name according to upper layer of cells)
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Simple
Stratified
Apical surface
Apical surface
Basal surface
Basal surface
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Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
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Simple Squamous Substances easily pass through Lines blood vessels and lymphatic vessels Lines (alveoli) Function:
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Simple Cuboidal Single layer of Lines kidney tubules Covers ovaries Lines ducts of some glands Function:
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Simple Columnar Single layer of May have cilia May contain microvilli Often have Lines the
Function:
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Pseudostratified Columnar Single layer of cells that
Usually contain cillia and goblet cells Lines the
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium Many cell layers Top cells
shaped Can accumulate Makes up the outer skin layer (Epidermis) Lines oral cavity (think gums), vagina, and
anal canal Function:
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Transitional Epithelium Many cell layers Changes thickness Lines the urinary bladder, ureters and part of
urethra
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*Connective tissues 3 Types:
Fibroblasts: Large, star shaped Fixed cells
Macrophages Wandering cell
Mast cells Fixed Release heparin – Release histamine – promotes reactions of
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Major Fiber Types Fiber
Thick with great strength Composed of Abundant in dense connective Found in tendons and ligaments
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Fiber Types Fiber
Composed of Fibers are branched and flexible Found in
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Fiber Types fibers
Very thin collagenous fibers Highly branched Forms supportive network
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Loose Fibrous Connective Contains many Fluid to gel like matrix Collagenous and elastic fibers Binds skin to Found beneath most epithelia Found
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Adipose Connective Has specialized cells called
Cushions, insulates, and stores fat Found under the skin Found
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Connective Compose of Provides Forms the framework for liver, spleen, and
other lymphatic organs
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Dense fibrous connective Packed with Has only a few Poor blood supply Binds body parts together Forms tendons and ligaments Found in
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Elastic Connective Abundant with elastic fibers Few Contains fibroblasts Found as attachment between
Found in the walls of large arteries, airways and the heart
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Bone Connective Solid matrix Cells called osteocytes Cells found in (chambers) Supports and protects Provides attachment for Produces blood cells
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Blood Connective Fluid matrix called Red blood cells, white blood cells and
Function: Defends against infection Aids in Contained within blood vessels
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*Cartilage Rigid Matrix (cells) in lacunae
(chambers) Poor blood supply
3 Types:
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Hyaline Cartilage Connective Most type Found on the Forms part of the rib cage Located on the tip of the nose & in resp.
passages Forms the
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Elastic Cartilage Connective Forms external ear Found within the
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Fibrocartilage Connective Very tough Acts as a Forms Pads within the knee and pelvic girdle
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*Muscle Tissue Skeletal
Attached to bones
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Smooth muscle Not Found in the walls of internal organs & blood
vessels Located in the
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Cardiac muscle Contains intercalated discs Found in the walls of the heart
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* Nerve Tissue
• Cells are called
• Function in
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*Membranes Serous
Lines body cavities that Contains serous fluid Composed of epithelial and connective tissue Inner lining of the thoracic and abdominal cavities
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membranes Mucous
Lines tubes and organs Secretes Composed of epithelial and connective tissue Lines oral and nasal passageways, digestive tract,
respiratory tract, urinary & Reproductive tract
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membranes Cutaneous
Covers Composed of epithelial and connective tissue Skin!
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membranes Synovial
May contain Secretes Composed of connective tissue Inner lining of joints