Download - Tips on Vegetable Gardening
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
1/27
By
S ESWARA REDDY
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
2/27
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEGETABLES
LEAFY VEGETABLES
Example: pechay, lettuce, cabbage, mustard, sweet potato, alugbati,kangkong.
ROOT OR BULB CROPS
Example: onion, radish, garlic, carrots, sweet potato
BEANS AND LEGUMES
Example: mongo, stringbeans, sweet pea (chicharo)
FRUIT VEGETABLES
Example: eggplant, tomato, sweet pepper
FLOWER VEGETABLES
Example: cauliflower, brocolli
VINE FRUIT VEGETABLES
Example: squash, cucumber, ampalaya
TREE FRUIT VEGETABLES
Example: malungay, camansi
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
3/27
SOURCES OF PLANTING MATERIALS
Accredited seed growers
Accredited seed suppliers Government experiment stations
NGO, municipal and provincial
agriculturist offices
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
4/27
PRODUCING SEEDLINGS
PREPARING THE SEED BOXES
Construct seed boxes of uniform size and depths. Use the centimeter
scale in measuring the inside dimensions. Set the width at 50 cm, the
length at 75 cm and the depth at 7 cm-10 cm. Provide the box with
about six holes to serve as drainage. If the pieces of board used for
making the seed box are so laid that they allow water for drain, there
is no need of putting holes on the bottom.
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
5/27
PREPARING THE SOIL TO USE
Make 1:1:1 mixture of sieved, compost and garden soil. You canmodify the proportion to suit the texture of your soil. If the gardensoil is sandy loam, and less sand, this mixture will provide excellent
drainage and adequate air spaces while holding a significant amountof water.
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
6/27
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
7/27
PRODUCING SEEDLINGS
1. STERILIZING THE SOIL MIXTURE:
Sterilized the mixture to kill weed seeds, insects and numerous soil
pathogens as those that caused damping off.
THE HEAT METHOD
Heat the soil mixture thoroughly under high temperature. The
steam heat that builds up in a moistened soil mixture is a more
effective sterilant than the dry heat in the dry soil mixture. Place
the soil mixture in a two halves of a large metal barrel that is
supported over a fire pit. Start the fire and make holes in the soil
mixture with a rake handle. Sprinkle water on the soil mix to wet it
thoroughly. Cover the wet soil with galvanized iron sheets to retain
the heat that reaches the top of the soil. Heat the mixture for twohours
Note:An alternative to this method of soil sterilization would be
the application of boiling water to the soil medium. Let the soil
cool before sowing.
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
8/27
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
9/27
PRODUCING SEEDLINGS
1. Soil is placed up to 1 inch from the top of the seed
box.
2. Make furrows in the seed box with a wood stick.
3. Sow the seeds evenly along the furrows.
4. Cover the seeds lightly with fine soil
5. Water the seeds sown.
6. Cover the seed boxes with banana leaves and open itabout 3 to 5 days after sowing as soon as the seeds
start to germinate.
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
10/27
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
11/27
PRICKING OF SEEDLINGS
Saturate the seed boxes with water for the first 3 days.
Regulate watering after germination. Approximately 5
days after emergence prick the seedlings. Seedling
trays maybe used as alternative to raise strong and
healthy seedling. A well developed and undamaged
root system will reduce planting shock resulting in
faster recovery and earlier harvest. Fill seedling traysor small pots made out of banana leaves with same soil
mixture as used for sowing.
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
12/27
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
13/27
LAND PREPARATION
The field should be prepared very well. The soil
should be pulverized and the plot leveled.
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
14/27
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
15/27
TRANSPLANTING
Three weeks after pricking, transfer the seedlings
into a field at a distance of 75 cm. between rows and
75 cm. between plants. Transplanting should bedone during cloudy days or late in the afternoon.
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
16/27
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
17/27
IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE
If rainfall is insufficient, irrigation should start
immediately after transplanting and as needed
afterwards. Hilling up should be done one week
later in order to protect the plants from water
logging, provide proper aeration and weed control.
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
18/27
WEED CONTROL
Control includes light cultivation, spot hand
weeding, tillage and mulching.
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
19/27
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
20/27
FERTILIZATION
Basal application of organic fertilizer such as chicken
dung, cow or carabao manure, goat manure is
recommended or 25 gm per hill of complete (14-14-14)fertilizer should be applied. First side dressing should
be done 20 to 25 days after transplanting at the rate of
7 gm per hill of urea (46-0-0) mixed with muriate of
potash (0-0-60). It should be repeated every 30 days.
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
21/27
PEST AND DISEASES
Use of integrated pest management (IPM)
approach is recommended.
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
22/27
HARVESTING
Harvesting starts 60 to 80 days after transplanting,
harvesting can be done twice a week over a period of 3
to 6 months depending on the variety and thecondition of the crop.
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
23/27
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
24/27
RAPID COMPOSTING USING
TRICHODERMATRICHODERMAa fungus that is used to hasten decomposition of
crop residues with the help of animal manure.
WHY CHOOSE TRICHODERMA
It is a fastest decomposer
No reports of human diseased caused by it
No side effects such as allergy
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
25/27
MATERIALS NEEDED FOR COMPOSTING
1. WaterIt is one of the most critical factor that determines therate of decomposting. Dry materials will decompose slowly.
2. Compost pen or platformIt is important that the heap must beraised above the ground by about 1015 cm. for aeration.
3. Substrates for compostingAll crop residues can be composted.Weeds can also be utilized but avoid using weeds with flowersand fruits.
4. CFATrichoderma hastens the process of decomposition since itincreases the population of cellulose decomosers.
5. Cover
The ideal is white, transparent plastic, because theactivator wants a diffused light.
6. Metal fork or shovelThis is needed in turning the compost aftertwo (2) weeks. Don't turn the compost if it is still hot because
plenty of amonia will evaporate.
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
26/27
RAPID METHOD OF COMPOSTINGSTEP 1 Gather materials
STEP 2 Prepare the area
STEP 3 Add water to bottles ( full) containing trichoderma, mixthoroughly
STEP 4 Wet the materials thoroughly using tap water
STEP 5 Pile the materials about 6 thickSTEP 6 Add animal manure
STEP 7 Pour trichoderma
STEP 8 Repeat the process until 56 layers
STEP 9 Cover the compost heap
STEP 10 Turn the compost heap after 3 weeks
STEP 11 Harvest the compost
STEP 12 Apply the compost
-
7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening
27/27