LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CClermont -Ferrand-
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
Timber in ConstructionFire Safety developments in France
Patrick Racher – Dhionis Dhima
Timber in ConstructionFire Safety developments in France
Patrick Racher – Dhionis Dhima
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CClermont -Ferrand-
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
1
New regulations
Existing rules
Normal situation : CB71 (allowable stresses)Fire situation :
ereduced ≥ 20 mm
tfi = 30 mn ttimber ≥ 72 mm (ou 62mm)
tsteel ≥ 6 mm (ou 4mm)Criteria :
Reduced capacity ≥ Allowable capacity x (1,75 to 2,25)Elastic limit
?DTU Bois-Feu 88 EC5-1.2
Euroclass correspondance - 2002
Fire resistance - 2004
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CClermont -Ferrand-
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
2
2004 regulations
Standardised fire :
Time tfi,d ≥ tfi,req
Action effects Rfi,d,t ≥ Efi,d,t
Temperature θcr,d ≥ θd
Natural fire : Fire safety engineering possible
control by agreed service (CSTB, CTICM)
dfit,d,fi EE η=
0,2
0,4
0,6
ηfi
Q1/G0,5 1 2 3
ψfi = 0,9
0,7
0,5
0,2
0,2
0,4
0,6
ηfi
Q1/G0,5 1 2 3
0,2
0,4
0,6
ηfi
Q1/G0,5 1 2 3
ψfi = 0,9
0,7
0,5
0,2
ψfi= ψ1
1fi QG ψ+
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CClermont -Ferrand-
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
I – Fire resistance of common connections :
Timber to timber and steel to timberFd varying from 120 to 220 kN
Calibration of load level in fire :average of 3 ‘ cold ’ tests
Study of specific connections (3D nailing plates)With support from industry (Aginco, Simpson)
3
R&D Projects
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CClermont -Ferrand-
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
Testing arrangement
0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
144
0
50
100
150
200
0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
144
F (kN)
t (mn)0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
144
0
50
100
150
200
0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
144
F (kN)
t (mn)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 10 20 30 40
Temps (min)
TC 1
TC 2
TC 3
TC 4
TC 5
TC 6
TC 7
TC 8
Tpp
T-iso
Pyromètre à plaque
Courbe conventionnelle
θ (°C)
Test procedure
4
Some results
R&D - 1
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CClermont -Ferrand-
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
Tb3
Tb2Tb1
2x10
T1 ,T2 ,T3
2x15
TintTb3 Tb2 Tb1
10 10T1, T2
20
5
Temperatures
R&D - 1
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 θ (°C)
20
40
60
80
100
Profondeur(mm) Broches 20mm Boulons 20mm
Broches 12mm Boulons 12mmBrochesprotégées
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 θ (°C)
20
40
60
80
100
Profondeur(mm) Broches 20mm Boulons 20mm
Broches 12mm Boulons 12mmBrochesprotégées
Fasteners
Dowels
DowelsProtectedDowels
Bolts
BoltsDepthTimber
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40t (min)
÷ (°C)
55 mm
40 mm
25 mmθ (°C)
t (mn)
EssaiSimulation
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40t (min)
÷ (°C)
55 mm
40 mm
25 mmθ (°C)
t (mn)
EssaiSimulation
TestModel
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CClermont -Ferrand-
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 Temps (mn)
Glissement(mm)
Test N° 7tfi=27mn
Test N° 8tfi=22mn
Test N° 4tfi=38mn
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 Temps (mn)
Glissement(mm)
Test N° 7tfi=27mn
Test N° 8tfi=22mn
Test N° 4tfi=38mn
Timber to timber and steel to timber joints
67,0KK serfi =
Joist hangers
33,0KK serfi =
Joint stiffness k(θ)
6
R&D - 1
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CClermont -Ferrand-
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
Timber to timber
Joist hangers
Failure modes
7
R&D - 1
Steel to timber
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CClermont -Ferrand-
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
Time to failure and loading ratio
8
R&D - 1
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
ηexp
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0tfi (mn)
Bois-Bois
Bois-Métalη = 0,58e-0,020tfi
η = 0,80e-0,027tfi
ηd
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CClermont -Ferrand-
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
• Normal condition (EN1995-1.1)nef = n + Annex A EN1995-1.1
Steel plates : Capacity of the net section
• Fire situationTimber joints Stability > 1 hour (R90)
Kfi = Kser kt
Load level :fitB
exp eA−
=η
Assemblages bois-bois A=0,8 B=0,027Assemblages bois-métal A=0,58 B=0,020
3D nailing plates (nails)
Timber to timber joints Steel to timber joints
( )0,66t0,018 fiexp +−=η
Some conclusions
R&D - 1
9
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CClermont -Ferrand-
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
II – Analysis of the separating function (Annexe E)
tins = ∑ tins,0,i kpos kj
Basic InsulationMaterial i
LR = 2 x LV
tins,0 = hp x 0,95 Plywood1,10 OSB1,40 Gypsum0,10 kdens LV
R&D Projects
10Position
LV
0,8 0,60,7
0,721,0
0,461,56
Joint≤2mm≤2mm
kj =0,2
≤15mm≤15mm
kj =0,6
kj =1,0 gypsum
≥
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CClermont -Ferrand-
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
13,3
17,5
21
25,2
32,2
11
15
21
28
35
10
15
20
25
30
35
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Eurocode
DTU
Gypsum
11
R&D - 2
Comparison Eurocode-DTU
0
5
10
15
20
25
5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25Epaisseur du contreplaqué (mm)
Eurocode
DTU Contreplaqué NF ext CTB-X
DTU Contreplaqué non certifiés
Plywood
tins,0(mn)
e(mm)
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CClermont -Ferrand-
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
12
R&D - 2
Panel thickness (mm)
t(mn)
Plywood –LR OSB – LRGypsum - LR
Plywood –LV OSB – LVGypsum - LV
PlywoodOSB Gypsum
WALL - cavity = 100mm
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CClermont -Ferrand-
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
t (mn)
hp (mm)
13
R&D - 2
Cavity depth effect
ba13
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CClermont -Ferrand-
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
Non protected
0
1
2
3
0 5 10 15 20 25
Reduced sectionReduced properties
Sd / Rd
tfi (mn)
R&D - 2
14
Protection of structural elementsBeam C24 (60x180)mm²
0
15
30
45
60
non protégée
e=10mm 12,5 15 2x15 Poutre 190x80
tfi (mn)
0
15
30
45
60
non protégée
e=10mm 12,5 15 2x15 Poutre 190x80
tfi (mn)
Protection effect
Non protected
Beam190x80
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CG CG C
LGC
MSGC
LGC
MSGCClermont -Ferrand
G CClermont -Ferrand-
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
CIVC l eB l a
GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal
At the code level
National Annex EN1995-1.2 (20-9-05) ……to be included in fire resistance regulations
« Europe Plan » and « Eurocodes Project »:Simplified design rules for EN1991 / 1998
Timber components : Separating function under fireConnection design
Next actions in France …
15
At the R&D level
Thermo-mechanical modelling of dowelled connections(Thesis K.Laplanche)
National Project « Fire safety engineering »
Safety criteria – human behaviour
Risk analysis
Fire modelling
Mechanical modelling….Concrete, Steel, Timber, Glasses…