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T-NAWDEX
THORPEX North Atlantic Waveguide and
Downstream Impact Experiment
Scientific scope, instrumentation, andplans for an international coordination
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• T-NAWDEX was originally proposed by the THORPEX working group Predictability and Dynamical Processes (PDP) in 2006
• T-NAWDEX Workshop in Erding in 2009: Start of International Coordination
• Delay with availability of HALO aircraft
• 2012: New initiative for an international T-NAWDEX in 2016
• April 2013: Planning workshop in Karlsruhe with focus on Scientific Scope
Brief History of T-NAWDEX
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Error > 15 m/s
Aircraft obsECMWF analysis NCEP analysisfrom Sandro Buss &Huw C. Davies
Scientific scope
Overarching hypothesis:
There are systematic errors
in model representation of waveguide perturbations
that are attributable to diabatic processes
Errors are manifested as errors in PV distribution (errors in the jet stream)
→ forecast errors of high-impact weather
downstream
Aircraft observations of jet-level winds
PhD Thesis, Uwe Marksteiner (DLR)
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PV on 320 K
Grams et al. 2011(QJ)
• Latent heating influencesPV distribution along the WCB
• WCB outflow (neg. PV anomaly) intensifies upper-level ridge
WCB inflow900 hPahigh humidity
WCB outflow300 hPa
WCB ascentstrong precip
Joos and Wernli 2012 (QJ)
1) waveguidemodificationby negative PV anomalies
WCBs andtheirimpact on large-scaledynamics
Scientific scope
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‐TPCs are frequent and fairly long‐lived (> week)‐TPCs can trigger / amplify waves along jet‐TPCs are associated with characteristic pattern of radiative heating
Kew et al. 2010 (MWR)Cavallo& Hakim 2010 (MWR)
radiative heating
2) waveguidemodificationby positive PV anomalies
Tropopause polar cyclonesapproachingfrom polar regions
Scientific scope
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Factors modifying wave-guide disturbances• Tropopause polar vortices (pos. PV anomalies)• WCB outflow (neg. PV anomalies)• ET of tropical cyclones• Precursor wave
packets
Evolution of Rossby waves along the waveguide• Waveguide representation• Downstream evolution of PV anomalies• Modification from Greenland• Local modification of Rossby waves by pos. and neg. PV
anomalies
Downstream impact of diabatically modified PV anomalies• Wave breaking sensitivity
to upstream disturbances• Wave breaking can be
precursor for HIW
Scientific scope
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US: GV HIAPER
G: HALO
UK: BAE 146
Partnerso US: NPS, NCAR, OU, Princeton, MIT, NOAAo Germany: DLR IPA, FX, KIT Karlsruhe, Univ. Mainzo France, UK, Canada, Switzerlando Links to weather services: DWD, ECMWF
International cooperation
CAN: NRC Convair 580
Ideal operation period in Sep/Oct 2016: •strong cyclone activity•tropical cyclones•HIW over Europe
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US contribution “Downstream” with GV HIAPER
Dynamics and Observations of the Waveguide: North–South Transport
and RossbywaveExcitation over Atlantic Midlatitudes
Instrumentation and Uses
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HALO instrumentation
Instruments:
Basic in-situ (BAHAMAS) T, p, q, u, v
ADM-demonstrator (lidar) wind profiles
2 μm wind lidar wind profiles
Dropsondes T, p, q, u, vprofiles
Water vapor (in-situ) q
Temperature (MTP) T profiles
Trace gases in-situ: O3, CO,…
Radiation
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Unique aspects of T-NAWDEX
First field experiment
•to examine the development of forecast errors on a transatlanticscale over many days•to study the physical processes responsible for modification, propagation and downstream impact of Rossbywaves•with coordination of 2 GV aircrafts on both sides of the Atlantic to study transatlantic evolution of wave disturbances
•PV measurements (“PV-meter”) by observing MTP temperatures and wind velocities (Doppler radar, lidar)
•Interesting links to other communities (cirrus clouds/UTLS/watervapour transport)
•Synergies with planned satellite missions ADM and EarthCare
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T-NAWDEXContacts:
US: Pat Harr
UK: John Methven
Germany: Andreas Schäfler
France: GwendalRivière
Canada: Ron McTaggert-Cowan