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Think Twice Before You Dump: A Journey to Wastewater ComplianceMARCH 1, 2019
ANN SPEVACEK, PHD
PIZZA PORT BREWING CO
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It’s not a matter of if, but whenWater scarcity increases cost of water
Breweries are large consumers of water and producers of wastewater
Population growth stresses current wastewater treatment infrastructure
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About Pizza Port
2018 Data
Total Water Usage (bbl) 203,000
Total Beer Production (bbl) 40,000
Water:Beer (bbl/bbl) 5
Total Wastewater Discharged (bbl) 99,000
Wastewater:Water (bbl/bbl) 0.5
Wastewater:Beer (bbl/bbl) 2.5
Strength of Pizza Port wastewater = ~8000 people = 4 times the population of Bressi Ranch!
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Where does our wastewater go?
Pizza Port Bressi Ranch
Encina Water Pollution Control Facility Pacific Ocean
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What Happens When Nutrient-
Rich Water is Released into an
Aquatic Ecosystem?
Managing our wastewater is the environmentally responsible thing to do
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-03/eutro_big.jpg
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Wastewater Discharge Permit
Constituent Limit
pH 5.5 – 12.0
BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) 500 lbs/day
TSS (total suspended solids) 500 lbs/day
Not limited on volume released
Every municipality is different
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Discharge Limits: pH
◦ Beer is acidic, so often lower than pH 5.5
◦ Adjust with caustic
+ Safe to dump to sewer
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What is BOD?
Biochemical Oxygen Demand: amount of oxygen required for microbes to
convert organic materials to CO2 in 5 days
• Dissolved, biodegradable
• Amount of sugar in brewery wastewater
Sugars!Aerobic Bacteria
+O2 CO2 NH3
+
Proteins!
+ H2O
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What is TSS?
Total Suspended Solids: Solids that are not dissolved and can be trapped
by filter
TSS!
Spent grain, yeast, hops for example
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Game Plan to Address BOD/TSS1. Identify known variables
◦ How much wastewater do we release to the sewer every day?
◦ What is in the wastewater?
2. Identify unknown variables
◦ Where does the high BOD/TSS come from?
◦ How are we going to reach 500 lbs/day BOD/TSS?
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What We KnowVolume and pH of wastewater going to sewer
What we put down the drain: everything but the spent grain!
◦ Brewhouse, cellar, CIP chemicals, adjuncts, etc.
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What We Don’t KnowVolumes and concentrations of BOD & TSS of waste streams
lbs released
day=
Concentration (mg/L) x Volume Released (gal/day) x 8.34 x 10-6
Control points
Map out brewing and cleaning processes to determine control points
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WhirlpoolLauter TunMash TunWort Wort Wort
Malt
Process Water
Heat
Process Water
Heat
Process Water
Hops
Heat
Wort
Spent Grain (~100,000 ppm BOD*)
Wort (~10,000 ppm BOD*)Trub (hops & solids)
Wort (~85,000 ppm BOD*)
Fermenter
Yeast
Yeast (~100,000 ppm BOD*)
Hops/Trub
Beer
Wort
Centrifuge
Beer
Yeast
Hops/Trub
Beer (~135,000 ppm BOD*)
Brite Tank
Beer
Packaging
Process Water
Heat
Packaging Materials
Beer
Production Process Flow
*BOD Estimates taken from https://www.brewersassociation.org/attachments/0001/1517/Sustainability_-_Water_Wastewater.pdf
Beer (~1,000 ppm BOD)
Kettle Heat X
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FermentersCentrifugePackaging
WhirlpoolLauter TunMash TunWort Wort Wort
Water
Heat
Cleaning Chemicals
Wort
Water
Heat
Cleaning Chemicals
Yeast
Beer
Rinse Water
Cleaning Chemicals
Wort
Beer
Yeast
Hops
Rinse Water
Cleaning Chemicals
Beer
Water
Heat
Cleaning Chemicals
Beer
Cleaning Process Flow
Beer
Rinse Water
Cleaning Chemicals
Kettle Heat X
Spent Grain, Wort
Rinse Water
Cleaning Chemicals
Hops/Trub, Wort
Rinse Water
Cleaning Chemicals
Hops/Trub, Wort
Rinse Water
Cleaning Chemicals
Brite Tank
Beer
Rinse Water
Cleaning Chemicals
Water
Heat
Cleaning Chemicals
Water
Heat
Cleaning Chemicals
Water
Heat
Cleaning Chemicals
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Collect Data!Need to know how much wastewater is produced at each point in the process
◦ Use per event and how many events
Need to measure concentration of BOD and TSS for each sample
◦ Send out samples to third party lab for testing
Can do same analysis for water usage to determine whether wasting water
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Whirlpool Rinse
Keg Boy
Canning Line
Whirlpool
Transfer TrubFV Hops
FV Yeast
Lauter Tun
Sidestream
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Reducing BOD/TSS LoadsSide-stream high strength waste streams
◦ Farmers – caution them that yeast is alive if feeding to cattle
◦ Composting facility
◦ Anaerobic digesters at local wastewater authority
◦ Fertilizer plant
Can be expensive to haul/dispose of
Requires storage space
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Wastewater Treatment Process
pH NeutralizationSolid Separation Biological Treatment
• Equilibration Tank
• Mixing Capabilities
• Inject Caustic/Acid
• pH Meter
• Settling Tanks
• Rotary Screen
• Barrel Screen
• Screw press
• Aerobic
• Anaerobic
Reduces BOD Usually Necessary Can be $$, so Only If Necessary
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What to Consider When Weighing Solution Options
ROI BUDGET AVAILABLE
FOOTPRINT
MAINTENANCE
REQUIREMENTS/
ANNUAL
OPERATION
COSTS
ABILITY TO
SCALE WITH
BREWERY
GROWTH
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ConclusionsPrepare for the inevitable: wastewater compliance
Collect data
◦ Water usage
◦ Daily total wastewater discharge
◦ BOD, TSS, pH of daily discharges
◦ Track high strength waste streams – volume, BOD, TSS
Make informed decision about how to treat wastewater
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Thank you!Thank you to Bressi Brew Crew!
Eric Ritchson
Resources
Brewer’s Association:
◦ Water and Wastewater: Treatment/Volume Reduction Manual
◦ Wastewater Management Guidance Manual
Questions?
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Sample
Daily Total Volume
(gal)
Weekly Total Volume
(gal) BOD (mg/L) TSS (mg/L)
Lauter Tun 1540 7700 sent for analysis
sent for
analysis
Whirlpool 385 1925 sent for analysis
sent for
analysis
Whirlpool Rinse 1155 5775 sent for analysis
sent for
analysis
Fermenter: Spent Yeast Dumped before
Dry Hopping 220 2420 sent for analysis
sent for
analysis
Fermenter: Hops after DH & Cold Crash 234 701
Fermenter: Trub during Transfer
Centrifuge
Keg Boy
Canning Line
Total Weekly
Volume (gal) 18521 Planning to Side-stream