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THEORIES OF NURSING
INFORMATICS & SOFTWARE
By: LUMINARIAS, ANNABETTINA B.
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Lewins change management theory
The Novice to Expert Theory
The Diffusion of Innovation Theory
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Lewins change management theoryis a planned change guide that consists of three distinct
and vital stages:
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UNFREEZING- The first stage involves findinga method of making it possible for people to letgo of an old pattern that was counterproductive
in some way. This is the stage where the desireto change occurs, or at least the recognition thatchange is needed
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CHANGE/ MOVING STAGE- The secondstage involves a process of changein thoughts,feelings, behavior, or all three, that is in someway more liberating or more productive thandoing things the old way. During this stage, thepeople involved (change target group) areconvinced that the new way is better than the
old.
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REFREEZING- The third and final stageconsists of establishing the change as a newhabit or process, so that it now becomes thestandard operating procedure or status quo.
Rewards, support, and champion leadershipcontinue to be important through this stage,which is essentially ongoing until the next majorchange is needed.
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*Driving forces are forces that influence asituation, pushing in a particular direction: theytend to initiate a change and keep it going. Interms of improving productivity in a work group,
pressure from a supervisor, incentives,frustration with the current way of doing things(such as paper documentation) and competitiveor social demands are examples of potential
driving forces.
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*Restraining forces are forces that actto restrain or decrease the driving forces they make it difficult to move a change
forward. Apathy, prohibitive cost,hostility, technology illiteracy and poormaintenance of equipment are examples
of restraining forces which can inhibitchange and may restrict productivity.
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The Novice to Expert Theory,
, provides a very useful and important theorythat clearly applies to nursing informatics. Infact, the Dreyfus brothers developed the modelwhile working with artificial intelligencedevelopment and expert computer system
programming.
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The theory can be applied to:
the development of nursing informatics skills,
competencies, knowledge and expertise innursing informatics specialists;
the development of technological systemcompetencies in practicing nurses working in an
institution;
the education of nursing students, from firstyear to graduation and;
the transition from graduate nurse to expertnurse.
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in this course, the application to the first andsecond group will be examined the
development of a novice to expert competencelevel in nursing informatics theory and practiceapplications for the evolving nurse informatics
specialist and for practicing nurses.
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The Diffusion of Innovation Theory
was first discussed historically in 1903 by theFrench sociologist Gabriel Tarde who plotted the
original S-shaped diffusion curve, followed byRyan and Gross (1943)
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The Diffusion of Innovation theory is oftenregarded as a valuable change model for guiding
technological innovation where the innovationitself is modified and presented in ways thatmeet the needs across all levels of adopters. It
also stresses the importance of communicationand peer networking within the adoptionprocess.
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What would you choose and apply in
your nursing informatics as nursingstudent? For me I would choose the Lewins change
management theory. In his theory I learned that
there are diving forces and restraining forcesthat influences the change. I think this theorywould be perfect for nursing informatics becauseof the experiences of the nurse it triggers
him/her to act to make her work easy. Sincenursing informatics is a field of nursing which isbeing developed those experiences of nurses canmake technological projects to lessen their
workload.
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As nursing student the forces that restrain theproduction would make us more critical in our
decisions and we will learn to be moreresourceful and because of the driving forcesthat we encounter it would make us utilize ourcreativeness and passion.
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FOSS/Free and Open Source Software
In other words, FOSS is software whosesource code is openly available. People can
install and even modify FOSS as they please, solong as they follow a few basic requirementslisted in the license. This arrangement makes
FOSS the opposite of proprietary software andone of the most original developments in thehistory of IT.
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FOSS is a combination of two terms, freesoftware and open source. Both free software
and open source refer to software that is licensedin the same way, but the separate terms imply adifference in the reasons for the licensing.
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For most free software supporters, the licensingis a way to ensure software freedom, or theability of users to control their computers and
their contents. By contrast, for most open sourcesupporters, the licensing is a way to improve thequality of software. The open source argument isthat, because the source code is available, bugs
will be more easily discovered.
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BENEFITS: 1. The freedom to run the program for any
purpose;
2. The freedom to study and modify theprogram;
3. The freedom to copy the program so you canhelp your neighbor, and
4. The freedom to improve the program andrelease your improvements to the public, so thatthe whole community benefits.
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REGISTERED SOFTWARE
software is fixed in a tangible medium, youown the copyright. That means that no one may
copy, distribute, display, or make adaptations ofthe work without your permission. However,
actual copyright registration provides you withsignificant advantages.
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BENEFITS: 1. Control over what and when things get deleted or
removed 2. You can schedule some programs to run every
couple of weeks to ensure your computer is beingmaintained
3. They will remove unused or unsafe files and as aresult your computer will run faster and be more
smoothly. 4. Sometimes the free registry cleaners contain
malware which can be very dangerous for yourcomputer.