THE XMM-NEWTON SURVEYS OF THE LARGE (AND SMALL) MAGELLANIC CLOUD
Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik
Dublin, 17 June 2014
Frank Haberl
The XMM-Newton LMC-survey collaboration: P. Maggi, G. Vasilopoulos, A. Becker, D. Bomans, L. Bozzetto, Y.-H. Chu, J. Dickel, M. Ehle, M. Filipovic, D. Hatzidimitriou, P. Kavanagh, J. Ott, W. Pietsch, S. Points, M. Sasaki, S. Snowden, R. Sturm, R. Williams and the XMM-Newton SMC-survey collaboration: R. Sturm, J. Ballet, D. Bomans, D.A.H. Buckley, M.J. Coe, R. Corbet, M. Ehle, M.D. Filipovic, M. Gilfanov, D. Hatzidimitriou, N. La Palombara, S. Mereghetti, W. Pietsch, S. Snowden, A. Tiengo
The X-ray Universe 2014
• Einstein – 1st X-ray survey with imaging instruments ~100 discrete sources and large scale diffuse emission in the LMC (Long et al. 1981, Wang et al. 1991)
70 sources in the SMC (Wang & Wu 1992)
• ROSAT
All-sky survey (13x13 deg2 LMC field: Pietsch & Kahabka 1993)
Pointed observations with PSPC and HRI (LMC: Sasaki et al. 2000a, Haberl & Pietsch 1999; SMC: Sasaki et al. 2000b, Haberl et al. 1999, Kahabka et al. 1999) Also hot gas in SMC (Sasaki et al. 2002)
• ASCA SMC survey
High mass X-ray binary population (Yokogawa et al. 2003)
X-ray Surveys of the Magellanic CloudsXMM Surveys
of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
The MCs as seen by ROSAT
18 deg2
including southern pointings (Kahabka et al. 1999, Haberl et al. 2000)
59 deg2
750 sources (Haberl et al. 1999)
0.1-2.4 keV
PSPC pointings LMC SMC
XMM Surveys of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
MCELS (Winkler et al. 2005) Hα [SII] [OIII]
The XMM-Newton survey of the SMCXMM Surveys
of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
XMM-Newton 0.2-1.0 keV 1.0-2.0 keV 2.0-4.5 keV
The Small Magellanic CloudXMM Surveys
of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
XMM-Newton 0.2-1.0 keV 1.0-2.0 keV 2.0-4.5 keV
The Small Magellanic CloudXMM Surveys
of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
MCELS (Winkler et al. 2005) Hα [SII] [OIII]
The Large Magellanic CloudXMM Surveys
of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
XMM-Newton 0.2-1.0 keV 1.0-2.0 keV 2.0-4.5 keV
The Large Magellanic CloudXMM Surveys
of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
XMM-Newton 0.2-1.0 keV 1.0-2.0 keV 2.0-4.5 keV
The Large Magellanic CloudXMM Surveys
of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
Diffuse emission from the hot ISM (SMC)
XMM-Newton EPIC
0.2-0.5 keV 0.5-1.0 keV 1.0-2.0 keV
XMM Surveys of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
Diffuse emission from the hot ISM (SMC)
ROSAT PSPC
0.1-0.4 keV 0.5-0.9 keV 0.9-2.0 keV
XMM Surveys of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
Sasaki et al. 2002
XMM-Newton 0.2-1.0 keV 1.0-2.0 keV 2.0-4.5 keV
Analysis of the diffuse emission
SMC Detector X-ray Fore-/Background Soft-proton flares
12
XMM Surveys of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
XMM-Newton 0.2-1.0 keV 1.0-2.0 keV 2.0-4.5 keV
Analysis of the diffuse emission
SMC Detector X-ray Fore-/Background Soft-proton flares
13
XMM Surveys of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
Diffuse emission from the hot ISM (SMC)Temperature Luminosity
Surface brightness Column density
kT ≈ 0.2 keV Higher absorption in the SW Total luminosity: 7.1 x 1036 erg s-1
absorption corrected: 4.0 x 1037 erg s-1
(a factor of ~4 higher than from ROSAT due to higher absorption)
keV 1030 erg s-1 arcsec-2
10-18 erg cm-2 s-1 arcsec-2 1022 cm-2
XMM Surveys of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
Diffuse emission from the hot ISM (SMC)0.2-1.0 keV
Hα
H I
PhD thesis of Richard Sturm Sturm et al. in preparation
XMM Surveys of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
Supernova remnants - SMCSynoptic study of 13 known SNRs (van der Heyden et al. 2004,A&A 421, 1031)
X-ray morphology, spectra improved images pn and MOS out-of-time events subtracted (pn) detector background subtracted vignetting corrected a number of SNRs show larger extent (than in Badenes et al. 2010, MNRAS 407, 1301)
new candidates with low surface brightness and large extent complete sample down to a few 10-14 erg cm-2 s arcmin-2 Thermonuclear SN origin: Fe-rich: IKT 5, IKT 25, DEM S128, IKT 4? irregular morphology, small X-ray extent no SNR at position of IKT 7 (BeXRB) no detection of DEM S130, NS21, N83C Haberl et al. 2012, A&A 545, A128
XMM Surveys of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
Supernova remnants - LMCSNRs in the LMC survey J0508-6902 (Fe)
Bozzetto et al. 2014 J0508-6830 (Fe) J0511-6759 (Fe) J0514-6840 J0517-6759
Maggi et al. 2014 J0528-6727 (DEM L205)
Maggi et al. 2012 (Fe): X-ray spectra dominated by Fe L-shell lines Thermonuclear origin (Ia)
XMM Surveys of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
New LMC supernova remnants
E. Whelan et al. (poster D06) E. Whelan et al. (poster D06)
• Now more than 60 SNRs • Multi-λ studies → density, temperature, abundance, age… • XMM-Newton sensitive to the faint end of the population • LMC provides a variety of different ISM environments
Bozzetto et al. 2014
DEM L205
Maggi et al. 2012
MCSNR J0514-6840 MCSNR J0517-6759 Maggi et al. 2014:
0.3-0.7 keV 0.7-1.1 keV 1.1-4.2 keV
XMM Surveys of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
Fe-rich LMC supernova remnants
in preparation in preparation
Maggi et al. 2014, A&A 561, A76
vapec model: kT ≈ 0.7 keV Large Fe abundance
empty
empty XMM Surveys
of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
X-ray spectra dominated by Fe-L emission lines Thermonuclear SN (Ia)
The evolution of type Ia SNRs in the LMC
Pierre Maggi
Borkowski et al. 2006
XMM Surveys of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
High mass X-ray binaries - SMC
63 pulsars
Knigge et al. 2011: Core collapse and electron capture supernovae Cheng et al. 2014: Two different accretion modes (disc accretion during type-II outburst and advection dominated)
XMM Surveys of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
𝒊 Energy band
1 (0.2 – 0.5) keV
2 (0.5 – 1.0) keV
3 (1.0 – 2.0) keV
4 (2.0 – 4.5) keV
5 (4.5 – 12.0) keV
Hardness ratios:
𝐻𝐻𝑖 =𝐻𝑖+1 − 𝐻𝑖𝐻𝑖+1 + 𝐻𝑖
⇒ 2711 hard sources ⇒ 945 very hard sources
Sturm et al. 2013, A&A, 558, 3
HMXBs – X-ray spectral classificationXMM Surveys
of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
𝒊 Energy band
1 (0.2 – 0.5) keV
2 (0.5 – 1.0) keV
3 (1.0 – 2.0) keV
4 (2.0 – 4.5) keV
5 (4.5 – 12.0) keV
Hardness ratios:
𝐻𝐻𝑖 =𝐻𝑖+1 − 𝐻𝑖𝐻𝑖+1 + 𝐻𝑖
⇒ 2711 hard sources ⇒ 945 very hard sources
Sturm et al. 2013, A&A, 558, 3
HMXBs – X-ray spectral classificationXMM Surveys
of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
⇒ 16 605 Be-star candidates in the XMM field Sturm et al. 2013, A&A, 558, 3
HMXBs - Optical counterpart , CMDXMM Surveys
of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
HMXBs – SMC luminosity function
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
= �𝒅𝟏𝒅−𝜶𝟏 if 𝒅 ≤ 𝒅𝒃𝒅𝟐𝒅−𝜶𝟐 if 𝒅 > 𝒅𝒃
25
XMM Surveys of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
Sturm et al. 2013, A&A, 558, 3
High mass X-ray binaries - LMC
15 pulsars (11 Be)
8.04 s: Vasilopoulos et al. 2014 28.8 s: Vasilopoulos et al. 2013 168.8 s: Maggi et al. 2013
XMM Surveys of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
LXP 169: The first eclipsing BeXRBTwo XMM-Newton observations Spin period 169 s Powerlaw X-ray spectrum (photon index 0.84, 1.1) Optical counterpart: early type star
XMM Surveys of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
LXP 169: The first eclipsing BeXRBAn X-ray pulsar transiting in front of its Be companion star Transit every 24.33 days Transit profile varies with λ and time OGLE I-band Swift/UVOT uvw1-filter GROND g’,r’,i’,z’,J,H,K Be star eclipsed by NS + surrounding matter
Maggi et al. 2013, A&A 554, A1
XMM Surveys of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169
• Magellanic Clouds ideally suited for population studies (distance, foreground absorption)
• Flux limit of XMM-Newton surveys ̴10-14 erg cm-2 s-1 (5·1033 erg s-1) Very sensitive to soft extended emission
• SNR population studies High sensitivity for faint SNRs with soft spectra New faint remnants (10-14 erg cm-2 s-1 arcmin-2) Extended evolutionary sequence of SNRs with type Ia (thermonuclear) SN origin
• HMXBs Large population in the SMC Discovery of unique objects
SummaryXMM Surveys
of the MCs
Frank Haberl
X-ray Surveys
Summary
ROSAT
SNRs
LMC survey
Properties
SMC census
XMM-Newton
New SNRs
The hot ISM X-ray Images
Fe-rich
Morphology
Evolution of Ia
HMXBs Identification SMC logN–logS LMC LXP 169